N.K. Denzin’s scientific contributions

... Additionally, investigator triangulation was employed in the design and analysis. This involves several researchers engaging in observations and analysing participants' responses, which enables consistency and reduction of potential bias arising from only one investigator or analyst (Denzin & Lincoln, 2000). In this study, both authors were involved in the methodological design, data analysis, coding and agreement on the main themes. ...

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Exploring the Enabling Factors and Constraints for Developing Learner Autonomy in an Underprivileged Indonesian EFL Context

... This entailed reflecting on the research questions and purpose of the study, listening to the audio recordings several times to evoke recollections of encounters with participants, as well as immersion and re-immersion in the data, to inform the analysis (Revsbaek & Tanggaard 2015). Analysis involved moving back-and-forth from data (for example, fieldnotes, observations, transcripts) to field experiences (Denzin & Lincoln 2018;Peräkylä & Ruusuvuori 2018). All three authors were involved in reviewing samples of the transcripts to achieve a robust approach to data analysis. ...

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Invisible in Plain Sight? Grandfathers Caring for Orphaned Grandchildren in Rural Malawi

... The first author of the text was the director of the conference and had also been coordinating the theatre group 'Fuera de la Campana' for two years (where her PhD thesis is focused) and the rest of the researchers were part of the organising committee. Thus, in our context of study, we located ourselves as 'reflexive activists' (Denzin and Lincoln 1994) of a project of university 'micro-politics' in which the arts were used as critical devices, allowing us to find the social meaning of the research carried out in university institutions. ...

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Socio-cultural and artistic disruption in the Spanish university: the ArtEduca experience

... Since this method requires diverse data and practices, additional approaches are also applied. In line with this, Denzin (2005) af irm that "qualitative researchers deploy a wide range of interconnected interpretive practices... there is frequently a commitment to using more than one interpretive practice in any study". Aligning with Bordens and Abbott's (pp. ...

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An analysis of contextual adaptation in ChatGPT's lan- guage use

... At first glance, it may seem obvious that constructionism's emphasis on subjectivity, everyday experience, practice, and representation is analytically consistent and historically synchronous with the rise of qualitative approaches to the study of social life (Denzin and Lincoln 2004;Vidich and Lyman 2000). The constructionist research enterprise would then be consigned to the collection of descriptive data (i.e., texts, personal accounts, interviews and/or field observations), which are reconfigured through analysis to show how reality is accomplished. ...

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Words and Numbers in Constructionist Research

... This study was situated within a naturalistic, interpretive stance with the primary goal of understanding the meaning placed on phenomena (Lincoln & Denzin, 1994). In this case, we sought to understand the planning and application of embodied activities for an urban redevelopment project that aimed to foster visual-spatial thinking in children. ...

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Developing visual-spatial thinking in youth using sensorimotor experiences: Approaches from a Piagetian cognitive framework

... A case-study approach (Merriam, 1998) was used in this study to explore what kinds of norms formed during STEM lessons and how these norms had an influence on students' Fig. 1 The definition and features of norms conceptualised in this study STEM problem-solving. Focusing on the cases, we generated a thick description of lesson routines and interactions within a 'bonded system' (Denzin & Lincoln, 2000), which refers to the interconnectedness and interdependence of various components within a particular qualitative research process. The case-study approach allowed us to understand the detailed beliefs and actions of the students and teachers that formed norms and their contextual environment and to achieve more in-depth understanding of STEM practices in actual classrooms. ...

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Formation and Influence of Epistemic Norms in Integrated STEM Problem- Solving: a Study of Singapore Secondary Students’ STEM Inquiry

... Usually, these relative realities are a source of knowledge to understand how English language teachers develop their professional skills with school-based training. I gave more emphasis to the narratives of everyday lives and their actions (Denzin & Lincoln, 2011) in the classroom and outside the classroom to explore their multiple realities. I chose this paradigm to unpack the narratives of English language teachers regarding their views and understandings of how they develop their 42 professionalism. ...

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Teachers' Professional Development through School Based Training

... In line with this philosophical approach, a constructivist-interpretive research paradigm was adopted. This paradigm is predicated on the notion that people coconstruct knowledge via their interactions with others in a particular culture as well as through their lived experience (Denzin et al., 2011). Therefore, the participants' learning experiences were explored through semi structured interviews conducted in Mandarin. ...

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The Perceptions of Undergraduate Mainland Chinese Students of the Effect of English Instruction on their Ability to Write Academic English

... La estrategia metodológica que recorre todo el trabajo es de corte cualitativa (Denzin y Lincoln, 1994). Esta triangulación usa principalmente técnicas de la teoría fundamentada (Glaser y Strauss, 1967) para el análisis del corpus de materiales diversos, compuestos por fuentes teóricas, documentos gubernamentales de origen nacional y subnacional, informes de carácter público y estadísticos, documentos internacionales y artículos periodísticos. ...

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Riesgos globales, respuestas locales : Comunicación para la reducción del riesgo de desastre