N. V. Yakunina’s research while affiliated with Orenburg State University and other places

Introduction. One of the key problems in ensuring the quality of recreation for the population is the provision of transport services that meet the transport needs of vacationers. The study of the transport needs of the population of resort cities during the holiday season is caused by the need to assess changing passenger flows as a result of a multiple increase due to vacationers in accordance with their place of attraction and possible adjustments to the routes of regular passenger transportation by road. This determines the relevance of the topic of this article. The purpose of the article is to develop a methodology for determining the needs for transport services for the population and vacationers in cities with high resort potential during the busiest periods, which makes it possible to design transportation processes along regular routes. Materials and methods. General scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, the provisions of probability theory and mathematical statistics, mathematical modeling, as well as the provisions of the technology of transport processes were used as the main research methods. The work carried out the zoning of the city into transport areas with a center of gravity at stopping points of urban passenger transport. Calculations of potential transport needs were carried out on the basis of a survey of vacationers and field observations, which were processed using standard Microsoft Excel and Statistika software. Results. The main result of the work is a methodology for determining the potential transport needs of the population and vacationers in cities with high tourism potential for the development and adjustment of routes for regular passenger transportation by road during the holiday season, which represents the scientific novelty of the research. The technique contains a mathematical model and algorithm. Discussion and conclusion. The use of this methodology will enable the organizer of transportation in resort cities to optimize the organization of regular passenger transportation by road during peak seasons.

Relevance. Passenger road transport in the 90s of the last century showed a high rate of transition to new management methods. The subsequent streamlining of activities progressed unevenly, mainly through regulation. However, important problems in the development of the industry, especially in the regions, have not been resolved. A crisis situation in intra-regional inter-municipal transportation and a high accident rate are the example. To a large extent, this situation is caused by the lag of the modern interpretation of the regional passenger road transport system from its real state, which does not allow achieving the greatest effect in the development of passenger road transport. The purpose of the work is to increase the importance of regular passenger transportation based on the substantiation of the importance of the structural parts of regional passenger motor transport systems, the developed methodology for assessing their condition, and creating development rules taking this into account. Materials and methods. General scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, system analysis, mathematical statistics, as well as the provisions of the theory of transport processes and systems are used in the work. Modern general scientific software products, open information resources about passenger vehicles in the regions were used. Results. The main scientific result of the article is the introduced concept of a regional passenger motor transport system. For a quantitative assessment of its condition, an indicator of the level of system self-organization has been developed, which is determined by the ratio of the number of cars to the number of buses, trolleybuses and trams in the region. The values of the indicators are in the range from 74 to 543 with an average value of 277. The dependencies of the influence of gross regional products and the number of population in the regions on the number of buses and cars in them are revealed. The practical significance lies in the development of tools for assessing the state of regional passenger transport systems. The directions for further research to determine the influence of structural parts on the level of self-organization of the system, building on this basis effective regional strategies for the development of passenger road transport are related.

The urban passenger transport complex is the most important part of the infrastructure of modern cities and provides a number of key functions. The condition for the effective operation of the transport complex is the balanced development of the subsystems included in its structure, which in turn necessitates the formation of a methodological framework that determines the conditions for such development. Based on the indicated provisions, the purpose of the study is formulated, which is to increase the efficiency of the operation of vehicles serving the routes of the urban ground passenger transport complex, based on the results of an assessment of their environmental safety and energy efficiency. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve a number of tasks: – study and analysis of the content of research papers, regulatory and technical documents in the field of environmental safety assessment of energy efficiency of vehicles; – development of a methodology for assessing and comparative analysis of environmental safety and energy efficiency, vehicles serving urban public transport routes; – assessment of environmental safety of various categories of vehicles serving the routes of the urban ground passenger transport complex; – generalization and analysis of the results obtained, formulation of conclusions and practical recommendations. During the study, an approach was used that assumes: modeling of energy consumption parameters of vehicles implementing various technologies of fuel and energy supply and a comparative assessment of indicators determining their energy efficiency and environmental safety in traffic conditions on urban passenger routes. Based on the implemented approach, the methods of system and statistical analysis of the initial information, mathematical modeling and methods of multi-criteria evaluation of the results are used in the work. The main result of the study is the numerical values of the indicators of energy efficiency and environmental safety of vehicles implementing various technologies of fuel and energy supply in the conditions of urban ground passenger transport complex, which is the scientific novelty of the study. The use of the obtained values in assessing the efficiency of passenger transportation by vehicles of various categories allows for the formation of a fleet of vehicles based on the results of a multi-criteria analysis. One of the directions of further research involving the use of the results obtained is the development of a comprehensive methodology for determining the optimal structure and coordinated formation of subsystems that make up the urban ground passenger transport complex.

Introduction. The authors consider the current models for the organization of urban passenger road transport, the structure of each of the models and their characteristics. The reason for writing the work was the poor study of the factors that determine the break-even transportation of passengers and, as a result, the construction on this basis of a system of interaction between transport authorities and transport operators. Thus, the purpose of the study is to create models of interaction between subjects and objects of passenger road transport. The working hypothesis of the study is to overcome the existing fragmentation of models through the development of additional blocks, the content of which is a scientifically based choice of models for the interaction of participants in the transport process in the system of passenger road transportation. Methods and materials. Three existing models for organising the work of passenger road transport are analysed. Their influence on the economic efficiency and safety of the transport process is considered. The prerequisites for the creation of algorithms for the transition from one model to another and for evaluating their effectiveness are determined. Results . According to the authors, this study will be useful for both the organizers of passenger road transport and carriers. From a practical point of view, this study will be useful to improve the efficiency and break-even of passenger road transport, as well as to maximize the ‘transparency’ of financial interaction between participants in this market. Conclusions . Further direction of research on this topic will be carried out in the direction of developing a methodology for switching models between themselves, i.e. when and how it is expedient to apply one or another model of passenger road transportation.

Passenger road transport plays an important role in the functioning of the state. This thesis can be substantiated by the fact that passenger road transport performs an important social task — the transportation of passengers. Passenger road transport is fully integrated into the transport system of the country and its subjects. The article considers three main types of activities in which passenger road transport is involved. The authors refer the commercial transportation of passengers to the first type, the transportation of passengers for the own needs of the carrier company to the second, and the use of passenger road transport as a means of individual mobility to the third. If we consider these groups from the point of view of the openness of information on them in various databases, then the first type of activity is the most informative, and the second and third are the least informative. Currently, there is no tool for qualitative and quantitative assessment of the impact of passenger road transport on gross regional products (GRP) and their components. This leads to inadequate reactions in the control system, for example in the field of passenger transportation. Increasing the validity of the development of passenger road transport systems by improving the accuracy of assessing its impact on the socio-economic development of regions is an urgent scientific and practical task. The working hypothesis is that passenger road transport is one of the key factors influencing the development of the subjects of the Russian Federation. Finding the relationship between the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the impact of passenger road transport on GRP and their components will create an understandable and informative tool for assessing the socio-economic condition of the subject in particular, and the country as a whole. The work uses methods of system analysis, mathematical statistics, in particular, correlation and regression analysis. When analyzing the data and processing the results, the authors used the discovery of information databases. The aim of the work is to create theoretical prerequisites for an analytical platform for managing the structure of the passenger vehicle fleet in the regions. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the revealed relationship between the number of passenger vehicles and the gross regional products of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (correlation coefficients from 0.57 to 0.79), as well as parts of gross regional products by industry (correlation coefficients from 0.07 to 0.9). For the first time, an indicator of the number of conditional passenger motor transport units in the region is proposed, which gives an integral assessment of the methods of passenger motor transport correspondence, taking into account the categories and classes of vehicles. The practical significance of the study lies in the creation of a modern tool for managing passenger transportation in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation by improving the process of operating passenger road transport and managing the number, categories and classes of passenger vehicles. Directions for further research are to apply the above methodology to the integrated management of transport systems of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Road transport is an important branch of the national economy. This is due to many of its advantages compared to other modes of transport, primarily high mobility and the ability to deliver goods “to the doorstep”. The activities of road freight transport are carried out within two main groups. The first group is transportation carried out under contracts between business entities, the second — to meet their own technological needs of business entities. Information on the first group contains official statistical reporting, information on the second group is missing. This situation leads to the impossibility of an objective assessment of the impact of road transport on the socio-economic development of regions, causing inadequate reactions in the systems of road transport, for example, in the areas of regulation of the structure of road transport and personnel training. This is the reason for the relevance of the work. The aim of the work is to establish the relationship between the number of rolling stock of freight road transport and indicators of gross regional products (GRP), taking into account parts of gross regional products by industry. As the approach used, the hypothesis is used that: the socio-economic development of the regions is impossible without an efficiently functioning freight road transport; The existing official information support of the state and activity of road freight transport does not allow an objective assessment of its impact on the socio-economic development of the regions. The methodological apparatus of the study is based on the application of the principles of system analysis, methods of mathematical statistics, in particular, correlation and regression analysis. The paper uses the official statistical information of Rosstat on road freight transportation, the number of trucks in the regions, gross regional products and parts of gross regional products by industry. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the identified relationship between the number of trucks and gross regional products of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as parts of gross regional products by industry, characterized by the establishment of general and particular relationships between economic and technical indicators. The novelty of the study is a toolkit for managing road freight transport. The practical significance of the study lies in the creation of tools for managing the operation of road transport to regulate the structure of freight vehicles in accordance with the objectives of the development of the regions. Directions for further research are to apply the above methodology to passenger road transport for the development of a management system for regional transport systems.

Introduction . The existing methodology for determining quantitative indicators of training specialists for motor transport complexes of the regions, taking into account the technological needs of economic entities, does not reflect the rules for the formation of structural characteristics of security in specialists and staff of motor transport. This methodology needs to be further developed to identify structural indicators of the human resources system. The main indicator of this structure is the ratio of the number of specialists by training levels. This article fills the gap and aims to improve the structural indicators of the training of motor transport specialists and staff. This is due to the relevance of developing an appropriate methodology. Materials and methods . Classical methods of analysis, synthesis, structural modelling, provisions of the theory of motor vehicles maintenance, methods of mathematical analysis and fundamentals of algorithms are used in the work. The obtained results are applicable for their use in improving specialists and staff training in organisations and enterprises of motor transport, regardless of their departmental subordination. Results . The main result of the work is a methodology for determining the structure of specialists skilled in motor transport in the region, differing from the known ones that it takes into account the distribution of the number of the skilled staff according to the levels of vocational higher and secondary education between motor transport and car service enterprises, regardless of the departmental subordination. The method of structural ranking of the specialists skilled in motor transport enterprise management has been developed. These results represent the scientific novelty of the study. The results of the structural distribution of specialists by levels of education have been determined, the corresponding algorithm has been developed. Discussion and conclusions . A methodological tool for determining the structure of specialists with motor transport education in the region has been developed. The application of the results of the work will make it possible to increase the validity of the state task to improve the training of specialists and motor transport staff in the regions.

The article presents an analysis of the process of interaction of a motor transport enterprise with a psychological service, the result of which is a study of the psychophysiological characteristics of the driver. Significant psychophysiological indicators have been determined that affect the efficiency of various types of transport work. A methodology has been proposed that allows differentiating drivers by the transport work performed: urban and intercity transportation, freight and passenger transportation based on a study of psychophysiological features.

Introduction. The existing methodology of personnel training determines the requirements for the competencies of future specialists, but the methods for determining the number of trained specialists are based either on the readiness of educational institutions for the quality management of the educational process, or are limited to the level of a motor transport enterprise, and do not take into account the regional needs of the labor market. The system of personnel training for the regional road transport complex is unbalanced in relation to the needs of this complex. This is due to the urgency of developing an enlarged methodology for determining the needs of the region’s motor transport complex (ATCR) in specialists with specialized education. Materials and methods. The paper uses the method of questioning economic entities engaged in road transport activities not only as the main focus, but also as an auxiliary one. The survey is aimed at determining the share of employees of motor transport enterprises and departments of various industries, taking into account the level of specialized education. The provisions of the theory of technical operation of cars and methods of mathematical statistics are used in the work. Results. The main result of the work is an enlarged methodology for determining the needs of the motor transport complex for specialists with specialized education, which differs from the known ones in that it takes into account the quantitative characteristics of personnel, taking into account the level of education in the economic entities of the region of various organizational and legal forms. These results represent the scientific novelty of the study. The structural characteristics of the personnel are determined, the corresponding algorithm is developed. The comparative values of labor productivity of specialists with specialized motor transport education are given. Discussion and conclusions. The methodological tools for determining the needs of the regional motor transport complex in specialists with specialized education have been developed, which allows overcoming the existing imbalance between the system of personnel training for the regional motor transport complex and the needs of this complex. The application of the results of the work will increase the validity of the state task for the training of specialists in the motor transport profile in the regions, increase the efficiency of using budget funds and public funds for educational activities.