N. Harris’s scientific contributions

... Global warming is the potential heat related to CO 2 that is contributed to the atmosphere by different chemicals and its related effects [10]. The main greenhouse gases are water vapor, which causes about 36-70% of the greenhouse effect; carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) which causes 9-26%; methane (CH 4 ) which causes 4-9%; and ozone (O 3 ) which causes 3-7% [21,26]. The harmful radiation from the sun is filtered out by the ozone layer. ...

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Environmental and economic performance assessment of desalination supply chain

... For instance, precipitation trends from recent decades revealed an increased frequency of extreme rain events in many regions, where climate change is suspected to be the direct cause (Madsen et al. 2009). Furthermore, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimated a temperature increase ranging between 1°C and 3.5°C by the year 2100, due to the increase in greenhouse gas emissions (Houghton et al. 1996;. They claimed that there is a 90% chance of augmented heavy rainfall event frequency in the 21st century and a probable increase in higher-latitude storms by 40%, because of continuing global warming. ...

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A Comprehensive Guide to Managing Municipal Infrastructure Assets

... Though such accounts typically are much more detailed than merely holding that one has the right to what one historically has acquired, we include in our set up the principle of grandfathering, holding that distribution of environmental impact rights should be based on the actual status quo distribution of environmental impact. This very simple view probably has no theoretical justification, but we include it because it is widespread in the environmental literature and regulation (Caney, 2009;Houghton, 1995). The selected principles have been translated into equations that allocate the SOS according to the principle as presented in Table 2. ...

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Sharing the safe operating space: Exploring ethical allocation principles to operationalize the planetary boundaries and assess absolute sustainability at individual and industrial sector levels

... While the IPCC had its own set schedule for producing comprehensive assessment reports, the production of special reports was often driven by immediate political needs and therefore their schedule was determined largely by the rhythms of international negotiations at the UNFCCC. This was particularly evident in the undertaking of the IPCC's first special report-the Special Report to the UNFCCC COP1 (IPCC 1994a;1994b). Unlike any other special report, this first special report is not a single document but consists of two separate reports and contains three different parts, each of which was prepared and approved independently by the three Working Groups (WGs). 5 The story behind the birth of this first special report was that fast-evolving politics in the early 1990s necessitated the readjustment of the work schedule of IPCC assessment (Bolin 2007;Provost 2019). ...

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The history and future of IPCC special reports: A dual role of politicisation and normalisation