N. A. Mamaeva’s research while affiliated with Main Botanical Garden Of Russian Academy of Science and other places

This article presents the results of studying the variability of some phenotypic characteristics of retro cultivars of Hemerocallis x hybrida hort. under the influence of selective selection. The sample is formed from the collection fund of the laboratory of ornamental plants of the Main Botanical Garden RAS and includes cultivars created in different countries in the period from the middle of the XIX century to the early 1960s of the XX century. In the course of research, it was found that the most variable — in the composition of the studied morphometric signs of generative shoot — is the number of flowers on the peduncle. Its limits of variability are: 7 pc. (cultivar ‘Summer Pride’) and 23 pc. (cultivar ‘Frans Hals’), and the coefficient of variation is 30 %. At the same time, the number of simultaneously opened flowers on the peduncle changes insignificantly. The height of the generative shoot is also characterized by a significant amplitude of variability. The coefficient of variation is 21 %, the minimum and maximum sampling limits are 74,3 cm (cultivar ‘Frans Hals’) and 150,2 cm (cultivar ‘Autumn Red’). A high level of variability was also noted for the distance between the leaf level and the lower flower in the inflorescence: min = 2,7 (cultivar ‘Autumn Red’), max = 50,3 (cultivar ‘Kwanso’), the coefficient of variation is 63 %. Within the framework of the studied sample of retro cultivars H. x hybrida, the absence of a relationship between the height of the generative shoot and the size of the flowers (r = –0,11 for the length of the flower, (r = 0,03 for its width), as well as the distance between the leaf level and the lower flower in the inflorescence (r = 0,17) was revealed. In the course of studying the variability of the linear dimensions of the pericarp in the diameter of the flower, the presence of multidirectional breeding selection was noted, a tendency to its gradual decrease was revealed in the width of the flower. To realize the potential possibilities of using the studied sample of retro cultivars H. x hybrida for educational and educational purposes, options for their placement on the main territory of the Main Botanical Garden are proposed.

The purpose of this study is a scientifically based selection of representatives of the genera Paeonia L., Hosta L. and Iris L., promising for use in urban landscaping. The choice of research objects is determined by three criteria. These are: 1) representatives of the genera Paeonia, Hosta and Iris - large generic complexes with a large number of cultivars; 2) their cultivars are characterized by a wide morphological diversity; 3) in Russia, these cultures have long been actively used in landscape design. Their own set of characteristics has been studied for them. These signs are important for the selection of plants used in the greened objects of the city. The genus Paeonia is represented by a sample of 19 cultivars of P. lactiflora Pall. with a Japanese flower shape. The variability of three quantitative characteristics was studied - the length of the stem, its thickness at the base and the diameter of the flower. The genus Hosta is represented by a sample of 23 names. The variability was studied according to four characteristics - the length and width of the leaf blade, the leaf area, and the length of the petiole. The genus Iris is represented by a selection of 10 names. The variability of six characteristics was studied - the height of the plant, the number of flowers on the peduncle, the length of the flower and the width of the flower, the length and width of the leaf blade. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using the program “Statistica Base”. Classical methods of data processing are used. The development of models of flower beds is carried out using the AutoCAD program. From the total composition of the sample, promising varieties and forms were selected for each culture under study. In representatives of the genus Paeonia - this is the cultivar ‘Bu-Te’. For the genus Hosta, these are the cultivars ‘Frances Williams’ and ‘Liberty’. In the genus Iris, it is a form of natural origin I. sibirica f. albiflora. Based on the data obtained, 3 mixborders were designed with the participation of these cultivars and one form of natural origin.

The comparative study reveals the morphological features of the Beardless irises group in order to assess the possibilities of their application in Nature garden landscape compositions as a possible alternative to two natural species — Iris sibirica L. and I. sanguinea Hornem. The Red Data Books can potentially be fraught with legal complexities. The formation and study of a model sample, formed on the basis of the irises collection in the laboratory of ornamental plants of the Main Botanical Garden, has been carried out. It was revealed that according to the complex of the studied quantitative and qualitative characteristics (14 and 27 names, respectively), all samples — a species of natural flora — Iris sibirica, a garden form of natural origin — I. sibirica f. alba and 8 varieties of the Beardless irises group can be rightfully attributed to irises with «natural appearance». Based on a comprehensive assessment of the quantitative traits of the generative sphere, it was found that none of the studied varieties can be recommended for replacing Iris sibirica. On the basis of the vegetative sphere, it is reasonable to recommend four cultivars as a possible alternative to Iris sibirica and its white-flowered form: ‘Seven Seas’, ‘Steve Verner’, ‘Cambridge’ and ‘Bigminki Hori’. At the same time, the ‘Bigminki Hori’ variety can be considered as the optimal substitution option — according to the complex of studied phenotypic traits, as well as taking into account the visual perception of plants as a whole.

This paper presents the results of the analysis of the structure of the modern collection of varieties of the genus Clematis L. of the Laboratory of Ornamental Plants of the Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The peculiarities of the distribution of cultivars by belonging to the pruning groups are established. The distribution of varieties depending on their country of origin is characterized. The dominance of the USSR and Great Britain, which at different times were the leaders of the world culture selection, is revealed. The distribution of varieties by the periods of their creation has been studied: from cultivars obtained in 1850–1860 to the breeding achievements of the XXI century, which confirms the presence of a wide morphological diversity of cultigenic representatives of the genus Clematis L. A variant of placing some varieties on the collection and exposition site of the Laboratory of Ornamental Plants of the Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences, allowing, in addition to scientific work, if necessary, implement educational and educational projects.

According to one of the modern trends, botanical gardens located within the city limits should be their structural part not only in the territorial, but also in the functional aspect. Therefore, the purpose of the work is a scientifically based selection of representatives of the genus Hosta L. from the collection of the laboratory of ornamental plants of the Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences (MBG RAS) — cultivars that are promising for use in urban landscape compositions and the development of various variants of flower compositions. The object of research is a sample of representatives of the genus Hosta from the collection of the laboratory of ornamental plants of the MBG RAS, containing 23 names. The composition of the sample population is formed on the basis of taking into account four criteria: 1) stability in culture; 2) belonging of varieties to different garden groups; 3) sufficient prevalence of the variety; 4) high coefficient of vegetative reproduction. Statistical processing of experimental data was carried out in accordance with classical methods using the program «STATISTICA Base». The development of models of flower beds is based on the methods and techniques generally accepted in the design of landscape compositions using the AutoCAD program. In the course of the conducted research, the selection of promising representatives of the genus Hosta for urban gardening was carried out and eight variants of flower compositions were proposed (rockery, 2 groups and 5 mixborders). It was found that in all the representatives of the genus Hosta recommended for use, the influence of genetic features dominates in the structure of variability of the studied quantitative characteristics, which provides a high probability of preserving the planned structure of flower compositions during the operation of the landscape architecture object.

The steppes of Eurasia are promising donors for the introduction of ornamental plants. But when introduced to wetter regions, a number of species face the problem of their low ex situ stability. The purpose of the present work is to evaluate the results of the introduction of steppe species of ornamental herbaceous perennials in the Laboratory of ornamental plants (LOP) GBS RAS. The objects of the study are 84 species belonging to 53 genus from 23 families. In the introduction studies, two classical methods were used: the ecological-phytocenotic method and the method of generic complexes. To maintain the culture of some collections or their components, the method of ecotrons is also used. The analysis of the composition of the introduced species included in the modern collection fund of the LDR of the GBS RAS suggests that the most promising are groups of species with a wide response rate, which, in addition to steppe habitats, are confined to more remote ones. According to the results of long-term field experiments, the most stable species under long-term cultivation were identified. It is established that for a number of steppe species, long-term maintenance in culture is possible only with the use of a specially created substrate. Ex situ conservation of dry steppe species proper is extremely difficult and little practical. In MBG RAS Salvia stepposa Des.-Shost., Linum perenne L., Verbascum phoeniceum L., Dracocephalum ruyschiana L., Eremurus fuscus (O. Fedtsch.) Vved., Iris pumila L., I. scariosa Willd. ex Link, I. furcata Bieb., I. timofejewii Woronow, I. lutescens Lam. they were short-lived in the culture.