Muhammad Shafiq's research while affiliated with Qujing Normal University and other places
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Publications (166)
The integration of thriving Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) has spawned several innovative applications such as remote healthcare, smart and intelligent transportation, smart logistics, smart grids, public safety etc. An emerging Software Defined Networks (SDN) technology further enabled to optimize...
![Figure 2: Smart farming technologies [10]. Adapted with permission form...](profile/Anas-Bilal/publication/373550878/figure/fig1/AS:11431281185069106@1693532265919/Smart-farming-technologies-10-Adapted-with-permission-form-ref-11-copyright-C-2022_Q320.jpg)
Farming is cultivating the soil, producing crops, and keeping livestock. The agricultural sector plays a crucial role in a country's economic growth. This research proposes a two-stage machine learning framework for agriculture to improve efficiency and increase crop yield. In the first stage, machine learning algorithms generate data for extensive...
Municipal solid waste (MSW) management is an essential element of present-day society. The proper storage and disposal of solid waste is critical to public health, safety, and environmental performance. The direct recovery of MSW into useful energy is a critical task. In addition, the demand for conventional power supplies is high. As a strategy to...
Retraction: [Muhammad Shafiq, Fatemah H. Alghamedy, Nasir Jamal, Tahir Kamal, Yousef Ibrahim Daradkeh, Mohammad Shabaz, Scientific programming using optimized machine learning techniques for software fault prediction to improve software quality, IET Software 2023 (https://doi.org/10.1049/sfw2.12091)].
The above article from IET Software, published...
![Figure 3: Info-communication framework of carbon-silicon [27]](publication/366774636/figure/fig3/AS:11431281110510135@1672599318150/Info-communication-framework-of-carbon-silicon-27_Q320.jpg)
The current study proposes a novel technique for feature selection by inculcating robustness in the conventional Signal to noise Ratio (SNR). The proposed method utilizes the robust measures of location i.e., the "Median" as well as the measures of variation i.e., "Median absolute deviation (MAD) and Interquartile range (IQR)" in the SNR. By this w...
Artificial intelligence plays an essential role in diagnosing lung cancer. Lung cancer is notoriously difficult to diagnose until it has progressed to a late stage, making it a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Lung cancer is fatal if not treated early, making this a significant issue. Initial diagnosis of malignant nodules is often made u...
A graph invariant is a number that can be easily and uniquely calculated through a graph. Recently, part of mathematical graph invariants has been portrayed and utilized for relationship examination. Nevertheless, no reliable appraisal has been embraced to pick, how much these invari-ants are associated with a network graph in interconnection netwo...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a global health issue that predominantly affects older people.
It affects one’s daily activities by modifying neural networks in the brain. AD is categorized by the
death of neurons, the creation of amyloid plaques, and the development of neurofibrillary tangles. In
clinical settings, an early diagnosis of AD is critical...
Probability distributions perform a very significant role in the field of applied sciences, particularly in the field of reliability engineering. Engineering data sets are either negatively or positively skewed and/or symmetrical. Therefore, a flexible distribution is required that can handle such data sets. In this paper, we propose a new family o...
![Figure 1: Architecture of vehicular ad hoc network [2]](profile/Azidine-Guezzaz/publication/364938443/figure/fig1/AS:11431281093424649@1667217878083/Architecture-of-vehicular-ad-hoc-network-2_Q320.jpg)
Today, road safety remains a serious concern for governments around the world. In fact, approximately 1.35 million people die and 2–50 million are injured on public roads worldwide each year. Straight bends in road traffic are the main cause of many road accidents, and excessive and inappropriate speed in this very critical area can cause drivers t...
Daily newspapers publish a tremendous amount of information disseminated through the Internet. Freely available and easily accessible large online repositories are not indexed and are in an un-processable format. The major hindrance in developing and evaluating existing/new monolingual text in an image is that it is not linked and indexed. There is...
The effectiveness of the Business Intelligence (BI) system mainly depends on the quality of knowledge it produces. The decision-making process is hindered, and the user's trust is lost, if the knowledge offered is undesired or of poor quality. A Data Warehouse (DW) is a huge collection of data gathered from many sources and an important part of any...
Longer-term projections indicate that today's developing and rising nations will account for roughly 60% of the global GDP by 2030. There is tremendous financial growth and advancement in developing countries, resulting in a high demand for personal loans from citizens. Depending on their needs, many people seek personal loans from banks. However,...
Longer-term projections indicate that today’s developing and rising nations will account for roughly 60% of the global GDP by 2030. There is tremendous financial growth and advancement in developing countries, resulting in a high demand for personal loans from citizens. Depending on their needs, many people seek personal loans from banks. However,...
Dengue fever has earned the title of a rapidly growing global epidemic since the disease-causing mosquito has adapted to colder countries, breaking the notion of dengue being a tropical/subtropical disease only. This infectious time bomb demands timely and proper treatment as it affects vital body functions, often resulting in multiple organ failur...
An efficient feature extraction method for two classes of electroencephalography (EEG) is demonstrated using Common Spatial Patterns (CSP) with optimal spatial filters. However, the effects of artifacts and non-stationary uncertainty are more pronounced when CSP filtering is used. Furthermore, traditional CSP methods lack frequency domain informati...
Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is now a well-established approach in 5G, Internet of Things (IoT) and Cloud Computing. The primary idea behind its immense popularity is the separation of its underlying intelligence from the data-carrying components like routers and switches. The intelligence of the SDN-based networks lies in the central point, p...
The demand for uninterruptible electricity supply is increasing, and the power engineering
sector has started researching alternative solutions. Distributed generation (DG) dissemination into
the electric grid to cope with the accelerating demand for electricity is taken into consideration.
However, its integration with the traditional grid is a ke...
This paper presents a systematical and progressive appraisal of the technology since the inception of AC-AC conversion, which is seen to be an indispensable and vital for the advancement of the Solid State Transformer (SST) in a distribution system. Special attention is given to the concepts/topologies and architecture of the SST, the DC-DC convers...
Citation: Onyema, E.M.; Kumar, M.A.; Balasubaramanian, S.; Bharany, S.; Rehman, A.U.; Eldin, E.T.; Shafiq, M. A Security Policy Protocol for Detection and Prevention of Internet Control Message Protocol Attacks in Software Defined Networks.
Owing to the latest advancements in networking devices and functionalities, there is a need to build future intelligent networks that provide intellectualization, activation, and customization. Software-defined networks (SDN) are one of the latest and most trusted technologies that provide a method of network management that provides network virtua...
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), particularly quadrotor, have seen steady growth in use over the last several decades. The quadrotor is an under-actuated nonlinear system with few actuators in comparison to the degree of freedom (DOF); hence, stabilizing its attitude and positions is a significant challenge. Furthermore, the inclusion of nonlinear...
Background
Workflow interruptions are common in the emergency department (ED) of the hospitals for physicians, leading to an increased risk of errors.
Purpose
This study aims to understand the baseline activities of the ED doctors and how these are affected by workflow interruptions.
Methods
The study was conducted in two phases to collect the do...
The risk of malware has increased drastically in recent years due to advances in the IT industry but it also increased the need for malware analysis and prevention. Hackers inject malicious code using awful applications. In this research, a framework is proposed to identify malicious Android applications based on repacked malicious code. The sensit...
Recent advancements in green building technologies (GBTs) have grown substantially, as an outcome of the environmental, economic and societal benefits. It has the potential to move toward sustainable development, specifically related to climate change. In GBTs, the main objective is to use energy, water and other resources in a balanced way, withou...
Faults in the power system affect the reliability, safety, and stability. Power-distribution systems are familiar with the different faults that can damage the overall performance of the entire system, from which they need to be effectively cleared. Underground power systems are more complex and require extra accuracy in fault detection and locatio...
: The sizing of microgrids depends on the type of load and its operational hours. The significance of understanding the load operational characteristics in special purpose islanded microgrids
is much needed for economic system sizing. The load operation of special-purpose microgrids
often consumes high power for a short duration and remains idle mo...
In modern times, the Internet of Things (IoT) is having a major impact on agriculture. Risk and security parameters are always linked when researching, developing, implementing and deploying IoT-based devices. It is a myth that security does not play a major role in IoT applications in agriculture. Data accuracy and availability is a high-priority...
Network slicing (NS) is one of the most prominent next-generation wireless cellular technology use cases, promising to unlock the core benefits of 5G network architecture by allowing communication service providers (CSPs) and operators to construct scalable and customized logical networks. This, in turn, enables telcos to reach the full potential o...
Recently, home automation system has getting significant attention because of the fast and advanced technology, making daily living more convenient. Almost everything has been digi-talized and automated. The development of home automation will become easier and more popular because of the use of the Internet of Things (IoT). This paper described va...
Massive multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) systems have become the most persuasive technology for 5G as it increased the energy efficiency gigantically as compared to other wireless communication systems. Being the most vibrant research technology in the communication sector, this research work is based on the optimal model development of en...
Cyberattacks can trigger power outages, military equipment problems, and breaches theof con-fidential information, i.e., medical records could be stolen if they get into the wrong hands. Because ofDue to the great monetary worth of the data it holds, the banking industry is particularly at risk. As the number of digital footprints of banks grows, s...
The thermoelectric generator (TEG) system has attracted extensive attention because of its applications in centralized solar heat utilization and recoverable heat energy. The operating efficiency of the TEG system is highly affected by operating conditions. In a series-parallel structure, due to diverse temperature differences, the TEG modules show...
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a health apprehension of significant proportions that is negatively impacting the ageing population globally. It is characterized by neuronal loss and the formation of structures such as neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques in the early as well as later stages of the disease. Neuroimaging modalities are routinely...
![Figure 2. Dimensions of ICT in education [36].](publication/361104429/figure/fig1/AS:1165306307317760@1654842082047/Dimensions-of-ICT-in-education-36_Q320.jpg)
The advancements made by information technology have redefined the concept, scope, and significance of communication. The barriers in the communication process have been wiped out by the recent advances in information and communication technology (ICT) backed by high-speed data connectivity. People are free to communicate without bothering about ph...
The importance of unsupervised clustering methods is well established in the statistics and machine learning literature. Many sophisticated unsupervised classification techniques have been made available to deal with a growing number of datasets. Due to its simplicity and efficiency in clustering a large dataset, the k-means clustering algorithm is...
This study aimed to realize Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) i.e., no poverty, zero hunger and sustainable cities and communities through the implementation of intelligent cattle monitoring system to enhance the dairy production. Livestock industries in developing countries lag in technology usage that directly impacting on meat and dairy produ...
Biometric is the term for measuring human. If the term is divided into 2 parts: Bio means life and metric means measurement. The measurement of human through different computational methods is done to authorize a person. This measurement can be done via single Biometric or by using the combination of different biometric traits. The combination of m...
Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) is one of the ways for transforming the acoustic speech signals into the text. Over the last few decades, an enormous amount of research work has been done in the research area of Speech Recognition (SR). Although, over the last few years, most studies have focused on building ASR systems based on Adult speech. Re...
![Figure 1. Yearly comparison of DDoS attacks in 2018-2023 [8].](profile/Muhammad-Shoaib-Mazhar/publication/359684597/figure/fig1/AS:1142462294831106@1649395645606/Yearly-comparison-of-DDoS-attacks-in-2018-2023-8_Q320.jpg)
The versatility of IoT devices increases the probability of continuous attacks on them. The
low processing power and low memory of IoT devices have made it difficult for security analysts to
keep records of various attacks performed on these devices during forensic analysis. The forensic
analysis estimates how much damage has been done to the devic...
With the emergence of big data and the interest in deriving valuable insights from ever-growing and ever-changing streams of data, machine learning has appeared as an effective data analytic technique as compared to traditional methodologies. Big data has become a source of incredible business value for almost every industry. In this context, machi...
This paper investigates the response and characteristics of the narrowband power line
communication (NB-PLC) technique for the effective control of electric appliances such as smart air
conditioners (SACs) for demand side management (DSM) services. The expression for temperature
sensitivity by examining the influence of atmospheric temperature vari...
Rapid urbanization in Pakistan is triggering regulated and unregulated land cover changes
in planned and semiplanned urban areas. The key objective of this study is to assess the spatial–temporal fluctuations in the land use/land cover (LULC) transformations in planned (Islamabad) and semiplanned (Rawalpindi) urban areas over the last forty years (...
Citation: Bokhari, S.A.; Saqib, Z.; Amir, S.; Naseer, S.; Shafiq, M.; Ali, A.; Zaman-ul-Haq, M.; Irshad, A.; Hamam, H. Assessing Land Cover Transformation for Urban Environmental Sustainability through Satellite Sensing.
Deep Neural Networks have offered numerous innovative solutions to brain-related diseases including Alzheimer’s. However, there are still a few standpoints in terms of diagnosis and planning that can be transformed via quantum Machine Learning (QML). In this study, we present a hybrid classical–quantum machine learning model for the detection of Al...
Wind energy is featured by instability due to a number of factors, such as weather, season, time of the day, climatic area and so on. Furthermore, instability in the generation of wind energy brings new challenges to electric power grids, such as reliability, flexibility, and power quality. This transition requires a plethora of advanced techniques...
Urban ecosystem services (UES) are indispensable for life. Stakeholders are improvising strategies for a more sustainable provisioning of UES. For this purpose and for identifying orientations towards geospatial data in UES studies, the “bibliometric analysis” technique was deployed. The inclinations facilitate assessments pertaining to spatio-temp...
The increased popularity of small-scale DER (Distributed Energy Resource) has replaced the well-established concept of central conventional generating plants around the world. In the present energy scenario, a significant share of energy production now comes from the grid integrated DERs installed at various consumer premises. These DERs are being...
An excessive use of non-linear devices in industry results in current harmonics that degrades the power quality with an unfavorable effect on power system performance. In this research, a novel control technique-based Hybrid-Active Power-Filter (HAPF) is implemented for reactive power compensation and harmonic current component for balanced load by...
Power electronic circuits in modern power supplies have improved the conversion efficiency on the one hand but have also increased harmonic emissions. Harmonic currents from the operation of these units affect the voltage waveforms of the network and could compromise the reliability of the network. Load and source non-linearity can, therefore, limi...
Photovoltaic (PV) system has been extensively used over the last few years because it is
a noise-free, clean, and environmentally friendly source of energy. Maximum Power Point (MPP)
from the PV energy systems is a challenging task under modules mismatching and partial shading.
Up till now, various MPP tracking algorithms have been used for solar P...
A majority of the population of developing countries is associated with agriculture directly
or indirectly. The liaison of engineering technology and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) can
build a bridge for farmers to enhance their skills regarding advancements through future generation
agriculture trends. The next-generation trends include bett...
![Figure 1: Industry 4.0 technology pillars [12]](profile/Akber-Gardezi/publication/357495833/figure/fig1/AS:1113502341169152@1642491054051/Industry-40-technology-pillars-12_Q320.jpg)
Internet-of-Things (IoT) has attained a major share in embedded software development. The new era of specialized intelligent systems requires adaptation of customized software engineering approaches. Currently, software engineering has merged the development phases with the technologies provided by industrial automation. The improvements are still...
Citations are references used by researchers to recognize the contributions of researchers in their articles. Citations can be used to discover hidden patterns in the research domain, and can also be used to perform various analyses in data mining. Citation analysis is a quantitative method to identify knowledge dissemination and influence papers i...
Smart and interconnected devices can generate meaningful patient data and exchange it automatically without any human intervention in order to realize the Internet of Things (IoT) in healthcare (HIoT). Due to more and more online security and data hijacking attacks, the confidentiality, integrity and availability of data are considered serious issu...
It is different for the liquid tank semi-trailer to keep roll stability during turning or emergency voidance, and that may cause serious accidents. Although the scholars did lots of research about the roll stability of liquid tank semi-trailer in theory by calculating and simulation, how to make an effective early warning of rollover is still unsol...
Healthcare is one of the notable areas where the integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) is highly adopted, also known as the Medical IoT (MIoT). So far, MIoT is revolutionizing healthcare because it provides many advantages for the benefit of patients and healthcare personnel. The use of MIoT is becoming a booming trend, generating a large amo...
