Muhammad Rizky Prawira’s scientific contributions

Purpose: This research aims to discuss strengthening Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) of Women Farmer Groups in Sumberjo Village through various programs, namely: Brand Creation, NIB Registration (Business Identification Number), and Halal Certification registration. Methodology/approach: This activity was conducted in Sumberjo village, Polewali Mandar district, focusing on the Women's Farmer Group. The form of implementing activities is carried out by carrying out various steps, namely socialization and direct assistance to the community. Results/findings: The results of the activity are solving partner problems by transferring science and technology in the form of socialization, workshops, and assistance in the form of 3P such as Brand Creation, Business Identification Number Registration, Assistance with halal product certification, Product Innovation Development, and, Digitalization training for managing MSME websites, financial report bookkeeping applications and market place and delivery of production equipment assistance to partners. Limitation: referring to UP2KKK's needs, service activities are limited and focus on branding issues, business registration numbers, and halal certification. Contributions: This activity has an impact on KWT Gemah Ripah related to the development of products of higher quality and in terms of product quantity.

With the development of media technology in the era of globalization, public opinion that has accumulated into public discourse can be observed in various types of media, such as mass media or social media. This social discourse has the ability to influence the decision-making process at the elite level, especially in relation to public issues. A similar situation can be seen in the West Sulawesi region where some of the people have access to mass media and many of them have become active users of the internet and social media. The public discourse that is built up in the media is not impossible to have an impact on the public policy-making process in West Sulawesi. The results of the analysis show that during the 2015-2018 period, public discourse on social media did not have a significant impact on the formulation of the 2015 No-Smoking Regional Regulations and the Singing House Perda in Polewali Mandar in 2016, but had a positive impact on the formulation of the 2017 Mamuju Waste Management Regional Regulation and the cancellation of the 2017 Mamuju Waste Management Regulation. Miras Majene in 2018.

This study aims to analyze China's interests in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) policies in Pakistan. Currently, Pakistan is China's strategic partner in the implementation of the BRI project. The infrastructure development in several sectors in Pakistan is being carried out massively through direct loans from China. This certainly raises questions regarding China's interests in Pakistan and this study attempts to answer these questions. This study uses descriptive qualitative research methods with literature study as the data collection technique. To analyze the case, this study applies offensive realism theory, with the concepts of hegemony, and national interest. The results of this study indicate that China's efforts in Pakistan are actually a form of Chinese active maneuvers in achieving its interests, namely hegemony. Through the BRI project, China can connect with the largest oil-producing countries in order to meet its high industrial needs. Second, the connectivity created by BRI enables China to increase its force capability in the South Asian region. Third is political interests, in which China can create a positive image to substantially increase its diplomatic power and strengthen its international status. Lastly, the ideological interest in which China uses slogans such as the 'Chinese Dream' for the stability and legitimacy of Xi Jinping and the Chinese Communist Party over their domestic society

ABSTRAKProgram Pengembangan Desa Mitra (PPDM) di Desa Alu, Polewali Mandar, Sulawesi Barat telah memasuki tahun yang ketiga. Tujuan dari program ini adalah untuk mewujudkan Desa Bambu Alu sebagai sentra ekowisata berkelanjutan berbasis kerajinan bambu, dimana Desa Alu dikenal memiliki hutan bambu yang luas yang sangat berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai pusat pariwisata di wilayah ini. Pada tahun ke ketiga ini, tim PPDM melakukan observasi pemetaan isu terkait potensi atau kelebihan dan permasalahan atau kelemahan sekaligus analisis kesediaan membayar (willingness to pay) di Hutan Bambu Alu berdasarkan aspirasi pengunjung dan calon pengunjung. Observasi dilakukan dengan penyusunan dan penyebaran kuesioner kepada 43 responden yang berpartisipasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari hasil hipotesis pasar, dapat disimpulkan bahwa para pengunjung dan calon pengunjung cukup setuju bahwa Hutan Bambu Alu memiliki potensi yang besar dengan produk bambu sebagai daya tarik tersendiri, serta peran pemerintah daerah setempat sangat signifikan dalam pencapaian Hutan Bambu Alu sebagai sentra ekowisata. Namun di sisi lain, kondisi alam dapat mengancam keberlangsungan dari ekowisata Hutan Bambu Alu, serta Hutan Bambu Alu belum memiliki pemetaan rencana atau master plan yang jelas dalam pembangunan visi ekowisata ke depannya. Dari aspek nilai lelang atau penawaran, didapati bahwa harga tiket masuk di kisaran Rp. 2.000 dan Rp. 3.000 adalah nilai yang paling sesuai bagi para pengunjung dan calon pengunjung di Hutan Bambu Alu.. Selain itu, nilai paket wisata di harga Rp. 150.000 adalah yang paling pas untuk ditawarkan kepada para pengunjung dan calon pengunjung. Dari aspek fasilitas penunjang, mayoritas pengunjung dan calon pengunjung cukup puas dengan ketersediaan fasilitas di Hutan Bambu Alu, terkecuali untuk kualitas jalanan yang masih kurang baik serta aksibilitas menuju area Hutan Bambu Alu yang masih meragukan.Kata kunci: PPDM; Ekowisata; Hutan Bambu Alu; Pemetaan Isu; Willingness to Pay ABSTRACTThe Partner Village Development Program (PPDM) in Alu Village, Polewali Mandar, West Sulawesi has entered its third year. The aim of this program is to realize Alu Bambu Village as a center for sustainable ecotourism based on bamboo crafts, since Alu Village is commonly known for its large bamboo forest which has the potential to be developed as a tourism center in this region. In this third year, the PPDM team maps the issues related to potential or strengths and problems or weaknesses as well as an analysis of willingness to pay in Alu Bamboo Forest based on the aspirations of visitors and potential visitors. Observations were made by compiling and distributing questionnaires to the 43 participating respondents. The results show that from the market hypothesis, it can be concluded that visitors and potential visitors quite agree that the Alu Bamboo Forest has great potential with bamboo products as its main attraction, and the role of the local government is very significant in achieving the Alu Bamboo Forest as an ecotourism center. But on the other hand, natural conditions can threaten the sustainability of the Alu Bamboo Forest ecotourism, and the Alu Bamboo Forest does not yet have a clear master plan in the development of an ecotourism vision in the future. From the aspect of the value of the auction or bidding, it is found that the ticket price within the range of Rp. 2,000 and Rp. 3,000 is the most suitable value for visitors and potential visitors to the Alu Bamboo Forest. In addition, the price of the tour package of Rp. 150,000 is the most appropriate to offer to visitors and potential visitors. From the aspect of supporting facilities, the majority of visitors and prospective visitors are quite satisfied with the availability of facilities in the Alu Bamboo Forest, except for the poor quality of the roads and the accessibility to the Alu Bamboo Forest area which is still questionable.Keywords: PPDM; Ecotourism; Alu Bamboo Forest; Mapping of Issue; Willingness to Pay

Covid-19 merupakan penyakit yang menginfeksi saluran pernapasan akut dan disebabkan oleh Coronavirus Strain Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 yang kali pertama teridentifikasi di 2019 akhir, tepatnya di kota Wuhan, Provinsi Hubei Cina (Beiu et al., 2020). Sumber data dari (COVID & Team, 2020), Indonesia pun mulai terpapar oleh Covid-19 dan per tanggal 17 Maret 2020 sebanyak 172 orang. Menjaga kebersihan tangan secara rutin pun merupakan salah satu cara mencegah penyebaran Covid-19 pada masyarakat (Beiu et al., 2020) dan upaya pemakaian masker (Greenhalgh et al., 2020). Masker dapat digunakan baik untuk melindungi orang yang sehat dan juga untuk orang yang terinfeksi untuk mencegah penularan lebih lanjut. Berdasarkan hasil observasi lapangan dalam suatu kunjungan pada salah satu Desa,masih terdapat masyarakat tidak patuh dalam menggunakan masker. Adapun tujuan dibuatnya kegiatan ini yaitu; Memberikan pemahaman dan meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat tentang manfaat dan pentingnya penggunaan masker. Sehingga penyebaran dan penularan Covid-19 dapat diminimalisir.

Pandemic covid 19 menjadi ancaman tersendiri bagi desa Alu yang memiliki potensi wisata Hutan Bambu Alu beserta dengan produk unggulannya yaitu bambu. Sehingga masyarakat Alu di tuntut untuk tetap inovatif dan kreatif. Walaupun Desa Alu tidakmasuk zona merah penyebaran Covid 19, tetapi tetap saja keberlanjutan Ekowisata Hutan Bambu Alu dan Pendapatan pengrajin bambu mengalami penurunan. Olehnya itu melalui program pengembangan desa mitra( PPDM)” Desa Ekowisata Hutan Bambu Alu: Berbasis Budidaya dan kerajinan Bambu “ yang memasuki tahun ke 2 ini, tetap melanjutkan kerja sama dengan Mitra sebelumnya. Adapun metode yang di gunakan adalah melakukan Sosialisasi, Workshop, dan Pembuatan Mural bambu. Tujuan dari beberapa kegiatan yang di laksanakan tersebut adalah menghantarkan masyarakat Alu untuk tetap bisa mempertahankan potensi wilayah mereka dengan tetap memperhatikan protocol Kesehatan. Melalui upaya tersebut, segala aktifitas masyarakat Alu akan dapat di jalankan dengan baik sekaligus tetap bisa melanjutkan Ekowisata hutan bambu Alu sebagi icon dari Desa Alu yang sudah di ketahui oleh masyarakat luas. Begitu pula dengan produk yang di hasilkan oleh para pengrajin tetap bisa di pasarkan dengan baik. Sampai saat ini rangkaian kegiatan yang telah di laksanakan antara lain, Bersama Unsulbar Melawan Covid 19, Sosialisasi PPDM Tahun ke 2 di rangkaikan dengan edukasi New Normal Covid 19, dan persiapan pembuatan Mural bambu yang selanjutnya akan kami gambarkan dalam tulisan ini. Kami juga akan mendeskripsikan semua rencana kegiatan sampai akhir tahun 2020, yang akan dilaksanakan guna menunjang Ekowisata Hutan Bambu Alu dan Produk bambu yang di hasilkan bisa tetap memiliki posisi di hati masyarakat luas

Tahun 2018 menjadi penanda bahwa penerapan agenda Masyarakat ASEAN telah memasuki tahun ketiga. Dengan kata lain, kemajuan dari penerapan program-program terpadu dari Masyarakat ASEAN seharusnya sudah mulai terlihat. Secara lebih terkhusus, output awal dari pengembangan sektor pariwisata di wilayah rural, sub-urban dan pedesaan di Indonesia seharusnya sudah dapat diukur. Berdasarkan pertimbangan-pertimbangan tersebut, penelitian ini diinisiasikan. Dalam hal ini, Sulawesi Barat jelas merupakan provinsi yang masih tergolong muda dan mencakup beberapa kabupaten serta banyak desa yang dapat dikatakan masih dalam tahap pembangunan. Namun di sisi lain, provinsi Sulawesi Barat sebenarnya memiliki potensi yang cukup besar di bidang pariwisata, khususnya dalam hal pengembangan situs situs wisata alam, pantai, serta wilayah pesisir. Maka dari itu, menggunakan kombinasi antara metode wawancara terstruktur dan pelacakan proses (process tracing), penelitian ini menganalisis output serta hasil sementara dari upaya pengembangan pariwisata di wilayah Sulawesi Barat selama tiga tahun sejak dimulainya Masyarakat ASEAN pada 2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa belum terdapat peningkatan yang signifikan dan strategis dalam pembangunan infrastruktur pariwisata di wilayah Sulawesi Barat selama periode 2015-2018. Namun di sisi lain, terdapat peningkatan yang signifikan dalam jumlah wisatawan mancanegara yang berkunjung di Sulawesi Barat selama periode 2015-2018 yang dipicu oleh penerapan kegiatan pariwisata berbasis acara atau event.

During the past decade, China has been striving for a more prominent status in the international community. In doing so, China undertook several measures that indicate its willingness to become a supportive collaborator in the international politics, including taking a part in the Six Party Talks regarding to the North Korean nuclear issue as well as striving for the Market Economy Status (MES). However, the recent development of the South China Sea dispute seems to show a contrasting circumstance. As one of the claimant states, China showed a fairly aggressive gesture in expanding and exploiting the disputed territory. Recently, China even declared a refusal against the verdict from the international law which stated that China had no legal base in claiming the territory. This situation sparked a puzzle as the non-compliance against the international law seemed to be violating China�s on- going efforts to win the broader acceptance in the international community. Thus, using two different perspectives, namely structural realism and social constructivism, this study analyses puzzle and finds the contextual relevance behind China�s non- compliance policy. The overall findings show that the rational interest of pursuing the hegemony in the disputed region becomes the primary goal that China is pursuing beyond the interest of adhering to the international law.