Muhamad Izazi Nurjaman’s research while affiliated with Sunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University Bandung and other places

The aims of this research is to clarify the type of multi-contract used by National Sharia Council-Indonesian Ulama Council (DSN-MUI) in its product innovation, so that the multi-contract concept used is a multi-contract concept that is in accordance with sharia rules and principles. This research is sharia economic law research that uses descriptive literature research methods. This research uses a normative juridical approach. The primary data used in this research is the DSN-MUI Fatwa which is related to the concept of hybrid contracts in the innovation of sharia banking products. Meanwhile, Secondary data sources include various sources of literature such as laws, scientific articles, books, and others. The data analysis technique used was the cumulative data analysis technique of Miles et al., namely data condensation, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. This study found that so far, the DSN-MUI has used the type of multi-contract for similar contracts (a combination of muawadhat contracts) and also non-similar contracts (a combination of muawadhat contracts and tabarru’ contracts) provided that there is a separation of agreement documents to avoid usury schemes for the use of these contract combinations and income (both margins, ujrah, and profit sharing) is obtained from the use of muawadhat contracts. This non-similar contract combination scheme is confirmed in the Fatwa on the Income of Islamic Financial Institutions (LKS) During the Construction Period (Fatwa No. 142 of 2021), namely Al- Uqud al-Murakkabah al-Muta’addidah. Meanwhile, the hybrid contracts scheme for similar contracts uses the Al-Uqud al-Murakkabah al-Mutajanisah hybrid contracts scheme

After the merger, three banks under State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN), namely BNI Syariah, BRI Syariah, and Bank Syariah Mandiri, became Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI), opening opportunities for the development of Islamic financial institutions in Indonesia. However, according to the Masyarakat Tanpa Riba (Society Without Riba) (MTR), Islamic banks are not much different from conventional banks (BK). Therefore, the focus of this article is the law of usury in the view of the MTR, which is seen in three aspects, namely, the perception, attitude, and movement of the MTR. This paper aims to determine the law of usury from the view of the MTR. This article uses a qualitative research method, which is field research. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, and documents. The data analysis technique in this paper uses data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion. The study results show that the MTR is an anti-usury community. MTR can be categorised as a textualist and rigid group (mutasyadidun). The rigid MTR method often implies that Islamic economic development is static and monolithic. The existence of the MTR will be productive if it is read not as a threat but as an auto-criticism against Sharia financial practices that are not yet perfect, highlighting the potential impact of the MTR's perspective on Islamic financial practices.

This research aims to analyze the position of virtual land buying, selling, and leasing practices using cryptocurrency in the metaverse from the perspective of Islamic economic law. This study uses a descriptive analysis method with a normative juridical approach and data analysis techniques through three stages of analysis: focusing the data, presenting the data, and drawing conclusions. The research found that the practice of buying, selling, and leasing virtual land in the metaverse is permissible because it meets the conditions and pillars of a valid contract. The transactions carried out involve intangible assets, namely virtual land and cryptocurrency. In these transactions, there is an expansion of the object of the ijarah (lease) contract, which typically involves the benefit of tangible objects or assets but can also include the benefit of intangible objects or assets, provided that the intangible asset requires another object (a tangible object) or a process that enables the asset to have utility, thus fulfilling the purpose of the contract in accordance with the principles of muamalah maliyyah (financial transactions). The development of the object of the ijarah contract is a scientific contribution to the development of Islamic economic law theory. Therefore, further research is needed on the status of intangible assets as objects of contracts to explore their benefits and legal status in accordance with Sharia principles.

Akad Mudharabah menjadi akad yang identic dengan skema bagi hasil dalam operasioal perbankan syariah. Namun dalam praktiknya, justru akad murabahah yang banyak digunakan perbankan syariah, sehingga akad mudharabah dan skema bagi hasil yang melekat pada perbankan syariah seharusnya banyak digunakan dalam setiap penawaran produknya. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini akan membahas akad mudharabah perspektif regulasi dan praktik di perbankan syariah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum ekonomi syariah yang menggunakan metode deskriftif kepustakaan dengan sumber data primernya berupa Fatwa DSN-MUI dan peraturan perundang-undangan. Adapun jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan tiga tahapan analisis data yaitu memfokuskan data, menyajikan data dan menarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa regulasi peraturan perundang-undangan (Undang-Undang, POJK dan PBI) yang menopang kedudukan dan penerapan akad mudharabah di perbankan syariah berasal dari substansi Fatwa DSN-MUI tentang akad mudharabah. Hal itu menunjukkan bahwa terdapat harmonisasi regulasi dan juga praktik penerapan akad mudharabah di perbankan syariah. Kedudukan akad mudharabah yang banyak digunkaan perbankan syariah dalam menjalankan fungsinya yaitu melakukan penghimpunan dana, penyaluran dana dengan skema pembiayaan dan melakuan pelayanan jasa pada produk tertentu memperkuat dan menjadikan eksistensi bank syariah sebagai lembaga keuangan yang menerapkan skema bagi hasil.

Scholars have different opinions regarding MLM business schemes, some forbid and some for conditional permissibility. As for the juhur of contemporary scholars, many of them forbid it. However, the DSN-MUI through Fatwa Number 75 of 2009 allows MLM business schemes on condition that the implementation of a contract is in accordance with sharia principles. Therefore, this study will analyze the implementation of the contract in the MLM business scheme. This research includes sharia economic law research using a descriptive method of literature with a normative juridical approach using secondary data in the form of DSN-MUI Fatwas. This type of research is qualitative research with data analysis techniques, namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusions. The results of this study reveal that based on the substance of the DSN-MUI Fatwa Number 75 of 2009, MLM business schemes can use several contracts, namely murabaha, wakalah bi al-ujrah, ju'alah, ijarah and other contracts determined by DSN-MUI according to sharia principles, one of them is the Samsarah contract. However, the contract that is widely used in MLM business schemes is the ju'alah contract. Meanwhile, if you look at the MLM business scheme, which contains elements of intermediary services, services for selling products and recruiting new members which are part of the achievements that must be completed, then the appropriate contract is a hybrid contract between a samsarah contract and a ju'alah contract.

Currently, the development of the Islamic capital market shows rapid progress, as evidenced by the increase in the index in the JII (Jakarta Islamic Index) list. The presence of Islamic financial products such as sharia invests is considered to be a solution to investment problems that have occurred recently. One of the islamic financial products that is developing today is sukuk. Today sukuk has become one of the strongest elements in the Islamic economy. one type of sukuk in Indonesia is the ijarah sukuk. The research method used in this study is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, which collects data related to sukuk in the ijarah contract taken from sources such as books, journals, skrpisi, thesis, and other related sources. The results showed that the Ijarah sukuk is a type of letter that indicates an ownership of an asset, for which the asset is leased. This sukuk is one type of letter that can be traded because the sukuk gives the right to the holders to get money from the lease proceeds as well as the right to transfer ownership without any taking rights from the tenant.

This study is intended to examine the fatwa of the National Sharia Council of the Indonesian Ulema Council (DSN-MUI) regarding Fundraising under the Wakalah bi al-Istismar Agreement which provides greater opportunities for Islamic financial institutions in Indonesia in raising and managing capital. This study uses a document approach by using the DSN-MUI fatwa Number 152 of 2022 as the main source, and analyzed using a qualitative approach. This study shows that the DSN-MUI fatwa has provided additional options for savings and deposit products in Islamic financial institutions, namely wakalah bi al-istismar. Thus, the level of customer needs which is a priority through the addition of various alternative contracts, is expected to be able to attract many customers, especially in the fundraising mechanism in Islamic banking. It's just that the use of the contract does not apply to all fundraising products, but only to certain products that have been determined.

This research is motivated by the concept of wages originating from ijarah contracts more widely used in Islamic Economic Institutions than wages derived from ju'alah contracts. While the two contracts are contracts that cause the provision of wages. Therefore, this study will describe the application of the concept of wages to ijarah and ju'alah contracts at the Islamic Economic Institution. This research is a secondary research with a literature study method whose data comes from various literatures through a normative juridical approach. This research is a type of qualitative research with technical data analysis through three stages, namely reducing data, presenting data and drawing conclusions. The results of this study reveal the fact that the concept of wages that is widely used in Islamic economic institutions is wages derived from ijarah contracts. This is because the legal consequences that have the concept of justice are that wages are based on the amount and results that have been completed, rather than wages derived from the ju'alah contract which will be given when a job can be completed perfectly. Therefore, the concept of wages is more identical to the ijarah contract for service benefits, so that there is a development of the meaning of ujrah in the form of wages and rental prices in accordance with the object of the contract exchanged in the ijarah contract.

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi adanya kebutuhan sebuah lembaga dalam menyelesaikan sengketa ekonomi syariah. Berbagai regulasi telah disusun untuk memberikan kewenangan kepada sebuah lembaga. Namun demikian, berbagai regulasi tersebut tentunya menimbulkan gejolak di masyarakat, akibat adanya ketumpangtindihan regulasi, dua kewenangan lembaga, dan substansi regulasi yang memiliki banyak penafsiran hukum. Tujuan penelitian ini mencoba memaparkan analisis dinamika regulasi penyelesaian sengketa ekonomi syariah dalam pandangan sosiologi hukum. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kepustakaan dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kualitatif. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah kondensasi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menemukan fakta bahwa kedudukan sosiologi hukum memberikan pengaruh terhadap dinamika perubahan penyusunan regulasi penyelesaian sengketa ekonomi syariah melalui adanya gejolak kebutuhan, gejolak kepastian hukum dan gejolak efisiensi penyelesaian sengketa yang berasal dari masyarakat. Sehingga dinamika perubahan regulasi tersebut mencoba mewujudkan kebutuhan para pelaku bisnis ekonomi syariah dalam mencari keadilan dan kepastian hukum.