Morad Zekhnini’s research while affiliated with Michigan State University and other places

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Publications (17)


The Epidemiology of Financial Constraints and Corporate Investment
  • Article

April 2025

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3 Reads

Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis

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Ioannis Spyridopoulos

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Morad Zekhnini

Intangible Capital in Factor Models

May 2024

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28 Reads

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3 Citations

Management Science

The transition from a traditional manufacturing-based economy to a knowledge- and service-based economy over recent decades resulted in a considerable rise in intangible capital, most of which is not reported on companies’ balance sheets. As a result, balance sheet-based valuation ratios, investment measures, and other firm characteristics that do not incorporate off-balance sheet (OBS) intangible capital suffer from significant measurement error problems. We incorporate a new measure of OBS intangible capital into firm characteristics, such as book to market, investment, and profitability, to address these measurement errors. These OBS intangible adjustments improve the performance of the Fama–French three- and five-factor models and the q-factor model, especially during recent decades. We further find that the value factor is no longer redundant in these empirical factor models. This paper was accepted by Lukas Schmid, finance. Funding: The authors are grateful for financial support from the 2019 EDHEC Scientific Beta “Advanced ESG & Factor Investing” Research Chair. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.01261 .



Industry Networks and the Geography of Firm Behavior

October 2021

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117 Reads

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22 Citations

Management Science

Using a network approach that circumvents well-known challenges in estimating peer effects, we show that interactions with a firm’s geographic neighbors play a significant causal role in corporate investment behavior and a modest role in financial policies and firm performance. Moreover, these geography network effects are almost entirely driven by propagation effects through product market and supply chain networks. We corroborate our findings in a quasi-experimental framework that allows for spillovers in treatment effects. Our findings help rationalize industrial clusters (e.g., Silicon Valley), as they illustrate that agglomeration economies are substantial and operate predominantly within industry boundaries. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, finance.


Network effects in corporate financial policies

June 2021

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82 Reads

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35 Citations

Journal of Financial Economics

We present a spatial econometrics framework for estimating peer effects in capital structure. This approach exploits the heterogeneous and intransitive nature of peer networks to identify economically informative structural coefficients. In models of leverage levels, we detect significant peer-effect leverage coefficients that are on the order of 0.20, indicating a moderate but substantive level of strategic complementarity in capital structure decisions. We argue that prior estimates in the literature substantially overstate the magnitude of the underlying relation. Our evidence is robust to a wide variety of model modifications and supports the hypothesis that leverage is an important strategic choice variable.




Financial Integration and Credit Democratization: Linking Banking Deregulation to Economic Growth

March 2020

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24 Reads

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21 Citations

Journal of Financial Intermediation

We use a matching method that constructs synthetic counterfactual states to identify the channels that link bank deregulation to financial integration, and thereby to economic growth. We document a positive, but conditional, effect of financial integration on economic growth. We explore the heterogeneous effects of financial integration across states depending on the capital mobility in each state. Our results reveal a correlation between financial integration and subsequent banking sector changes related to an expansion in loan recipients. We show that financial integration democratizes lending and spurs economic growth.




Citations (10)


... De Boer [39] incorporates intangible assets into the ratio of total assets to enterprise value and discovers a strong relationship between the ratio and anticipated stock performance in the future. Gulen, et al. [40] demonstrate the benefits of accounting for intangibles in terms of value, investment, and profitability. Thus, we can conclude that the importance of accounting for intangibles is examined throughout a broader range in addition to being emphasized by the beneficial effect on the value factor. ...

Reference:

The impact of green innovations accounting on firm value: Moderating role of intangible assets in Saudi industrial sector
Intangible Capital in Factor Models
  • Citing Article
  • May 2024

Management Science

... Traditionally, over-indebtedness prediction models rely on individual enterprise data, such as governance structures and financial ratios, to construct feature sets. However, with the growing sophistication of social network theory and its applications in financial analysis, some studies have incorporated external information, such as co-analyst follow-up relationships [10] and peer relationship [11], to predict over-indebtedness. Nevertheless, existing research primarily focuses on relational tie data and often overlooks the influence of the underlying social network structure formed by these ties in predicting over-indebtedness. ...

Network effects in corporate financial policies
  • Citing Article
  • June 2021

Journal of Financial Economics

... Lastly, Gulen et al. (2022) showed that incorporating intangibles into the empirical factor models of French (1993, 2015) and Hou et al. (2015) significantly improved these models, especially over recent decades during which intangible investments became increasingly important. In addition, Peters and Taylor (2017) argued that there is a role for intangible capital in neoclassical investment theory. ...

Intangible Capital in Factor Models
  • Citing Article
  • January 2021

SSRN Electronic Journal

... One area of the literature that has received substantial attention in recent years is the geographical component of peer effects. In particular, due to the interactions and knowledge spillovers among neighboring firms in shared geographical areas, recent studies have shown that local peer effects are significantly important for determining firms' investment decisions (Dougal et al. 2015 andGrieser et al. 2021), earnings forecasts announcements (Matsumoto et al., 2022) and corporate social responsibility activities (Li and Wang, 2022). However, despite the vast analysis of local peer influence and local spillover effects, the literature has overlooked the importance of local peer behaviour on firms' corporate payout decisions. ...

Industry Networks and the Geography of Firm Behavior
  • Citing Article
  • January 2020

SSRN Electronic Journal

... Regarding point two, Berger et al. (2021) point out that greater financial integration and democratization of credit positively influence the growth of the level of economic activity and therefore growth. Along the same lines, Levy (2014) states that these measures must be accompanied by a monetary policy that promotes the channeling of savings through new credit policies towards the key productive sectors of the economy. ...

Financial Integration and Credit Democratization: Linking Banking Deregulation to Economic Growth
  • Citing Article
  • March 2020

Journal of Financial Intermediation

... The need to examine this issue arises from the potential consequences of information asymmetry problems before the disclosure of earnings releases, which could lead to an irrational market reaction to market movements. Heitz et al. (2020) have presented evidence confirming the presence of many variations in stock price variance before earnings announcements, which may indicate information leakage. Chae (2005) analyzed trade volume patterns before scheduled and unscheduled announcements in another investigation. ...

Filings of Material Information and the Disappearing Earnings Announcement Premium
  • Citing Article
  • January 2018

SSRN Electronic Journal

... Lu and Murray (2019) argue that down-market risk assessment is important in pricing expected rates of return. In turn, the works of Kapadia et al. (2019) and Barahona et al. (2021) indicate that downside risk in the form of downside beta is not an additional factor in predicting rates of return and does not generate significant positive premiums. Contradictory, ambiguous results are presented by Wang (2023), demonstrating that the pricing of downside risk both ex ante and ex post is not important. ...

Getting Paid to Hedge: Why Don’t Investors Pay a Premium to Hedge Downturns?
  • Citing Article
  • September 2018

Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis

... We show that the return predictability for this premium is derived from its ability to capture large assetvalue shocks. Indeed, by linking the predictability with jumps, we further complement the long-standing literature showing that various jump dynamics, including the systematic and idiosyncratic part of those dynamics, are priced in the stock market (see, e.g, Cremers et al., 2015;Kapadia & Zekhnini, 2019;Lu & Murray, 2019;Yan, 2011). 6 We also contribute by looking into the drivers of IV spreads' return predictability. ...

Do Idiosyncratic Jumps Matter?
  • Citing Article
  • September 2018

Journal of Financial Economics

... We exploit the staggered adoption of the interstate banking and intrastate branching deregulation laws in the 46 contiguous states. We exclude Delaware and South Dakota because of the preponderance of credit card banks in these states (Black and Strahan (2002); Berger et al. (2012)). ...

Financial Deregulation Leads to Economic Growth: Fact or Counterfactual?
  • Citing Article
  • November 2012

SSRN Electronic Journal