Monserrat Garcia Ruiz’s research while affiliated with Smithsonian Environmental Research Center and other places

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Publications (1)


Figure 3 Normalized abundance of core ASVs across species and year. Y axis is normalized abundance (abundance divided by total abundance for that sample  10 6 ). Additional detail about each core ASV is in Table S1. Full-size  DOI: 10.7717/peerj.18082/fig-3
Figure 5 ASVs associated with parasitism by Z. ostreum and P. marinus. (A) Heat tree showing full taxonomy and (B) log2 fold change of ASVs significantly associated with P. marinus infection (presence-absence) in 2017 oysters (combined mantle, gill, digestive gland). (C) Heat tree showing full taxonomy and (D) log2 fold change of ASVs significantly associated with Z. ostreum infection (presence-absence) in 2017 oysters (combined mantle, gill, digestive gland). A negative log fold change indicates the ASV is less abundant in infected individuals. Full-size  DOI: 10.7717/peerj.18082/fig-5
PERMANOVA results for both 2017 and 2018 data. An asterisk ( * ) denotes a significant result.
PERMANOVA showing the effect of location and infection on the oyster microbiome (2017 field experiment).
Bivalve microbiomes are shaped by host species, size, parasite infection, and environment
  • Article
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October 2024

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Monserrat Garcia Ruiz

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Diana Portugal Barron

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Many factors affect an organism’s microbiome including its environment, proximity to other organisms, and physiological condition. As filter feeders, bivalves have highly plastic microbiomes that are especially influenced by the surrounding seawater, yet they also maintain a unique core set of microbes. Using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, we characterized the bacterial microbiomes of four species of bivalves native to the Mid-Atlantic East Coast of North America: Crassostrea virginica, Macoma balthica, Ameritella mitchelli , and Ischadium recurvum and assessed the impact of their external environment, internal parasites, and size on their microbial communities. We found significant differences in bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) across species, with each species harboring a core ASV present across all individuals. We further found that some C. virginica co-cultured with I. recurvum had high abundances of the I. recurvum core ASV. We identified ASVs associated with infection by the parasites Perkinsus marinus and Zaops ostreum as well others associated with bivalve size. Several of these ASV are candidates for further investigation as potential probiotics, as they were found positively correlated with bivalve size and health. This research represents the first description of the microbiomes of A. mitchelli, I. recurvum , and M. balthica . We document that all four species have highly plastic microbiomes, while maintaining certain core bacteria, with important implications for growth, health, and adaptation to new environments.

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