Monika Zawół’s scientific contributions

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Publications (11)


Mechanisms of action: how cannabis affects the body.
The impact of cannabis on endurance and performance of athletes - risks and benefits - a literature review
  • Article
  • Full-text available

December 2024

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18 Reads

Journal of Education Health and Sport

Paweł Nojek

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Gustaw Błaszczyński

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Agnieszka Nowotarska

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[...]

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Monika Zawół

Introduction and Objective. Cannabis, particularly its active compounds THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidiol), has gained attention in the sports community for its potential therapeutic benefits. Researchers are exploring its use in managing pain, reducing inflammation, enhancing recovery, and alleviating anxiety, making it appealing for treating both acute injuries and chronic conditions in athletes. While CBD is considered safe, THC can impair cognitive functions, potentially affecting performance and increasing the risk of injury. Unlike THC, CBD is not prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and is well-tolerated in humans. Methods. A literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar, searching terms like "CBD", "THC", "cannabinoids", "physical activity", and "medical marihuana". Articles from the last five years were prioritized. Brief description of the State of Knowledge. Cannabinoids interact with the body's endocannabinoid system (ECS) and are classified into phytocannabinoids (from cannabis), endocannabinoids (produced by the body), and synthetic cannabinoids (man-made). The two most studied phytocannabinoids are THC, which is psychoactive, and CBD, known for therapeutic benefits like anxiety reduction without intoxication. THC activates both CB1 receptors (in the brain) and CB2 receptors (in immune cells), while CBD modulates these receptors indirectly. Cannabinoids show potential in managing chronic pain, inflammation, and neurological conditions, with some studies suggesting they could replace opioids for pain relief. They may help in injury recovery among athletes. Conclusions. The consumption of CBD and THC offer both benefits and risks. However, there is insufficient evidence on the direct impact of cannabis use on athletes beyond its role in pain management and recovery. Further research is needed to provide stronger evidence on their effects in sports.

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Examining the Effects of Probiotics on Athletes: A Review

November 2024

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41 Reads

Journal of Education Health and Sport

Introduction and Objective. Probiotics, defined as live microorganisms that provide health benefits when consumed in sufficient quantities, have gained attention in the sports community. The surge in popularity of long-distance athletic competitions such as marathons, triathlons, and cycling races has led to heightened rivalry and a rising curiosity in strategies to improve sports performance. Studies have suggested that probiotics could be a valuable aid for athletes looking to improve their well-being and overall progress. Methods. A literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar with search terms like "probiotics", "gut microflora", "probiotics in sport", "human microbiome", "athletic performance", "human microbiome", “diet supplementation” and related variations. Articles published within the last five years were prioritized. Brief description of the state of Knowledge. Probiotic supplementation has been shown to positively impact the health and performance of athletes, primarily through modulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. This review examines the influence of probiotic supplements on athletic performance, focusing on their effects on gut microbiota, immune support, mental health, anti-inflammatory properties, and overall performance enhancement. Conclusions. Probiotics have been found to have numerous health benefits within the microbiota-gut-brain axis, making them an emerging area of research in athletes. The aim of this research is to understand the potential impacts on athletes experiencing health issues such as gastrointestinal symptoms, lowered immune system, mental disorders, excessive inflammation, or those looking to improve endurance and performance.


Hair loss therapies: a review and comparison of traditional and modern treatment methods

November 2024

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82 Reads

Journal of Education Health and Sport

Introduction and objective. Hair loss is a common health issue that significantly impacts the quality of life and well-being of millions of people worldwide. Effective treatments remain a challenge for dermatologists due to the complex mechanisms behind hair loss and the diverse range of affected patients. The objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of traditional and modern methods of treating hair loss. Brief description of the state of knowledge. Microneedling is a minimally invasive treatment that stimulates collagen production and the release of growth factors, which in turn supports hair follicle regeneration and density. PRP therapy, which uses concentrated platelets from the patient’s own blood to stimulate hair growth, has shown promising results, especially in cases of androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata, although further research is needed to confirm its effectiveness. Hair transplantation, a highly effective option for larger areas of hair loss, is a more invasive and costly solution but can offer permanent results. Pharmacological treatments like oral minoxidil are increasingly being used due to their convenience and efficacy, particularly in cases where topical treatments are poorly tolerated. Similarly, topical finasteride, with fewer systemic side effects than oral finasteride, is emerging as a promising alternative for treating androgenetic alopecia. Additionally, zinc, selenium, and vitamin E supplementation may have a beneficial effect in cases of hair loss associated with deficiencies, though more research is needed to fully confirm their role in treatment. Methods. A literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar with search terms like "hair loss", "PRP in hair loss", "natural methods in hair loss", "vitamins in hair loss", "hair transplant", and related variations. Articles published within the last five years were prioritized.


Overview of clinical studies on the role of vitamin D in the treatment and prevention
The role of vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of autoimmune diseases – A literature review and analysis of research

November 2024

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20 Reads

Journal of Education Health and Sport

Introduction and purpose. Autoimmune diseases are a group of diseases in which the immune system attacks the body's own cells, leading to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. In the pathogenesis of these diseases, dysregulation of the immune response, including excessive activity of T and B lymphocytes and macrophages, play a key role. The aim of this work is to review the role of vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of autoimmune diseases, with particular emphasis on Hashimoto's disease, rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease. Methods. A literature review was conducted based on the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, using the key words: "vitamin D", "Hashimoto's disease", "rheumatoid arthritis", "Crohn's disease". Articles published within the last five years were prioritized. Brief description of the state of knowledge. Vitamin D affects the immune system through the presence of vitamin D receptors (VDR) on immune cells, such as T and B lymphocytes and macrophages. The active form of vitamin D (calcitriol) supports the development of regulatory T cells (Treg), which inhibit excessive inflammatory response, and reduces the activity of Th1 and Th17 lymphocytes. Vitamin D deficiency can disrupt this regulation, increasing the risk of developing autoimmune diseases. Conclusions. Vitamin D plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of autoimmune diseases. It has an immunomodulatory effect, restoring the balance of the inflammatory response, which is crucial in the treatment of diseases such as Hashimoto's, rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease. Vitamin D supplementation can alleviate symptoms, improve organ function and reduce the severity of autoimmune diseases.


The Impact of prolonged antibiotic use on the development of bacterial resistance - a literature review

November 2024

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31 Reads

Journal of Education Health and Sport

Introduction and Objective. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) arises when pathogens no longer respond to antimicrobials, including antibiotics, making infections harder to treat and increasing the risks of severe illness and death. Although AMR is a natural evolutionary process, human activities, especially the misuse of antimicrobials in healthcare, agriculture, and animal care, accelerate its spread. This review examines the impact of prolonged antibiotic use on bacterial resistance and analyzes global trends and strategies to combat AMR. Methods. A literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar with search terms like "antimicrobial resistance," "antibiotic-resistant bacteria," and "overuse of antibiotics." Articles from the last five years were prioritized. State of Knowledge. AMR poses a major global health threat due to excessive and improper antibiotic use, resulting in resistant infections and higher healthcare costs. Addressing AMR requires limiting antibiotic use, implementing rapid diagnostics, and exploring alternatives like bacteriophage therapy. Conclusions. Innovative treatments, such as bacteriophages, and rapid diagnostics show promise, while public education on responsible antibiotic use is essential. Combating AMR will require coordinated international efforts, research support, and global standards to maintain effective treatments in the future.


Ketogenic diet and metabolic health: A review of its impact on type 2 diabetes and obesity. Analysis of research on the ketogenic diet in the context of treating metabolic disorders

November 2024

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47 Reads

Journal of Education Health and Sport

This paper aims to review current research on the ketogenic diet as a potential therapeutic approach for obesity and type 2 diabetes. This diet is characterized by high fat intake, moderate protein, and minimal carbohydrates, leading to a state of ketosis in which the body utilizes ketone bodies as its primary energy source. Studies indicate that the ketogenic diet may positively influence blood glucose control, enhance insulin sensitivity, and facilitate weight reduction, particularly relevant in the context of insulin resistance. The paper discusses the biological mechanisms underlying these effects, as well as potential risks associated with long-term adherence to the diet. It underscores that, despite promising results, further research is necessary to better understand the long-term effects of the ketogenic diet and its applicability across various patient populations. Conclusions highlight the need for patient monitoring during the dietary regimen and the potential for integrating the ketogenic diet into a broader strategy for managing metabolic diseases


The impact of diet on the inflammatory bowel disease course – a literature review

November 2024

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44 Reads

Journal of Education Health and Sport

Introduction and Objective. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder marked by relapsing symptoms. Current treatments mainly involve immunosuppressive therapies, which are effective but may have significant side effects. Diet as an adjunctive treatment is appealing due to its accessibility, low cost, and minimal adverse effects. This review explores the role of diet in managing IBD, focusing on dietary strategies during both active disease and remission. Methods. A literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar with search terms like "inflammatory bowel disease", "Crohn’s disease", "ulcerative colitis", "diet", "IBD treatment", "anti-inflammatory food" and related variations. Articles published within the last five years were prioritized. Brief description of the state of Knowledge. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease cause gastrointestinal inflammation. Crohn’s disease symptoms include abdominal pain, fistulas and rectal lesions, while UC is characterized by diarrhea, severe discomfort, and blood in the stool. Certain foods often exacerbate IBD symptoms. Proper nutrition during disease stages can improve patients’ quality of life. Diets high in processed foods, sugar, and red meat may increase IBD risk, while fiber and vitamin D3 are associated with fewer flare-ups. Regular malnutrition screening is essential for all IBD patients. Conclusions. Understanding the dietary components that influence inflammation in IBD could lead to better treatment outcomes and longer-lasting symptom relief. Integrating nutrition into personalized treatment strategies should become standard practice for managing IBD.


Effectiveness of different acne treatment methods: a comparison of pharmacological, procedural and natural therapies

November 2024

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29 Reads

Journal of Education Health and Sport

Acne vulgaris is a chronic skin condition affecting millions of people, especially adolescents. This study analyzes the effectiveness of various acne treatment methods, including pharmacological, procedural, and natural therapies. It compares their mechanisms of action, therapeutic effects, and potential side effects. The aim of this study is to identify the most effective therapeutic strategies to improve patients’ quality of life and mental health. The analysis results suggest that a comprehensive approach to acne treatment, combining different methods, may yield the best outcomes.


Comparison of Different Techniques: Ultrasonic, Laser, and Traditional Liposuction with a Discussion on New Directions and the Future of Liposuction Techniques

November 2024

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17 Reads

Journal of Education Health and Sport

Liposuction is one of the most commonly performed procedures in aesthetic surgery, with an increasing variety of available methods that enhance both the effectiveness and safety of this treatment. The aim of this paper is to analyze and compare three primary techniques: ultrasonic, laser, and traditional liposuction, as well as to highlight potential directions for the development of this procedure. Based on available literature and research findings, both the effectiveness and potential risks associated with each of these methods will be assessed, allowing for the identification of optimal solutions tailored to the individual needs of patients.


A review of migraine treatment methods: a comparative analysis of therapeutic approaches

November 2024

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20 Reads

Journal of Education Health and Sport

Migraine, a complex neurological disorder, affects a significant portion of the population and presents both medical and societal challenges. The aim of this paper is to provide a detailed review and analysis of available therapeutic methods for patients suffering from migraines, considering both pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies. The approaches presented include acute treatment with triptans and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), as well as preventive therapies, such as beta-blockers and antiepileptic drugs. The section on non-pharmacological therapies focuses on cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), biofeedback, and lifestyle recommendations, including diet and sleep hygiene. A review of the literature indicates that integrating pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches can significantly improve treatment effectiveness and the quality of life for patients with migraines.