Mohsen Tavakol’s research while affiliated with University of Nottingham and other places

... Tavakol and colleagues in their paper on ensuring fairness in assessment in health professions education emphasize the important role the SEPT plays in ensuring that potential biases in test development and administration are minimized, and that tests are fair for all intended groups regardless of examinee characteristics. 5 According to the SEPT, fairness includes elements such as fairness in treatment during the testing process, fairness as a lack of measurement bias, fairness in access to the constructs as measured without the test taker being biased by personal characteristics such as age, disability, gender, race, ethnicity or language, which ensures that the test measures only what it is intended to measure, and not factors that are irrelevant. Fairness also includes ensuring the validity of individual test score interpretations for the intended uses. ...

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A critical analysis of The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada examination experience

... Also, validation of standard-setting methods is a crucial component of quality assurance in medical education as there are no gold standard methods of standard setting to be named (4)(5). Thirty or more standard-setting methods have been grouped into relative, test-centered, and student-centered (7). Assessments in medical education use criterionreferenced methods (test/examinee) to determine mastery of the candidates and norm-referenced or relative methods to rank examinees (8). ...

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Standard setting methods in objective structured clinical examination (OSCE): A comparative study of five methods

... For example, we have recently merged the Rasch model and the Angoff ratings allowing for a systematic conversion of subjective judgments into an objective measurement scale aiming to provide a deep understanding of item difficulty, considering both empirical data and opinions of standard setters, potentially enhancing the fairness and accuracy of assessments. 7 For more details on these variants, we suggest referring to the Berk guide. 4 Neither pass-mark or pass-mark based decision making are immune from random or systematic errors. ...

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Determining intra-standard-setter inconsistency in the Angoff method using the three-parameter item response theory

... Lastly, the questions were not administered to students. Therefore, psychometric properties such as the difficulty index-which indicates the proportion of correct answers by students-and the discrimination index-which shows how well the question can differentiate between high-performing and low-performing students (Tavakol et al. 2024)-were not evaluated. ...

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Clinical Reasoning in Psychiatric Education: Development of Multiple-Choice Questions with Automatic Item Generation in Turkish

... More of classroom time is then devoted to applying concepts through problem solving and peer collaboration, with teachers facilitating active learning [1,5,6]. This approach not only Contextualizing new inquiries within prior studies is useful in framing educational research [31]. Our earlier research examined senior secondary students' mathematics learning experiences in flipped classrooms, providing foundational insights that inform our present study on teachers' perspectives on the instructional model. ...

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Teachers' Experiences with Flipped Classrooms in Senior Secondary Mathematics Instruction

... Assessment preparation for high-stakes medical school examinations typically involves many laborious and resourceintensive processes, from blueprinting [1], question item writing and review [2], standard setting [3], to post hoc analysis [4]. The last of these, post hoc analysis, helps to ensure that assessments are reliable, valid, and fair [5] ensuring the integrity of the examination process and assuring stakeholders that assessments effectively evaluate the competencies and knowledge required for the medical degree. ...

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Answering Patterns in SBA Items: Students, GPT3.5, and Gemini

... The objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) provides an objective, orderly and organised assessment framework, in which medical schools, hospitals, or medical or examination institutions can add corresponding assessment contents and methods according to their teaching and examination syllabus. 1 This method tests the clinical abilities of nurses or nursing students by simulating clinical scenarios. 2 It is also a clinical ability assessment method that emphasises knowledge, skills and attitude. ...

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Effects of virtual reality OSCE on nursing students’ education: a study protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

... Feedback is one of the most studied educational interventions, and there is much evidence for the role of feedback in enhance learning within the psychology and education literature (Wisniewski Zierer and Hattie 2019). A number of reviews and guides on giving feedback are available (for example, see Veloski et al. 2006;Wulf Shea and Lewthwaite 2010;Tavakol et al. 2022), however, there are specific considerations when giving feedback about the development of clinical skills from a cognitive science perspective. ...

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Using insights from cognitive science for the teaching of clinical skills: AMEE Guide No. 155

... The factor loading is the correlation between the item and the factor; a factor loading of more than 0.30 usually indicates a moderate correlation between the item and the factor. 34 For items cross-loaded on factors, the retention of the item to the factor was determined by two criteria: (1) a higher loading effect of the item onto the factor and (2) the item's interpretability. ...

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Preliminary Testing for Affiliate Stigma Scale: A Reliable and Valid Stigma Measure for Caregivers of Women with Breast Cancer

... Multifaceted approaches provide exacting and precise methods for distinguishing aspects of high stakes certification and licensure assessments that might otherwise be confounded (Myford & Wolfe, 2009;Smith et al., 1994;Tavakol & Pinner, 2019;Warner et al., 2020). The multifaceted approach incorporates these known components within a singular and unified measurement activity that, like other models of this kind, offers otherwise unavailable degrees of simplicity, elegance, and parsimony (Cano et al., 2016). ...

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10 A many-faceted measurement modeling approach for informing test specifications: practical guidance from the National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians