Mohammad Ghadamyari’s research while affiliated with University of Guilan and other places

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Publications (112)


Inheritance mode and metabolic mechanism of bromopropylate resistance in a field strain of Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae)
  • Article

December 2024

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10 Reads

International Journal of Acarology

Homeira Emami

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Mohammad Ghadamyari

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Panonychus citri is a serious pest of citrus orchards all around the world. In this study, biochemical and resistance inheritance mechanisms of bromopropylate were evaluated on a field population of P. citri. The resistance inheritance of bromopropylate in P. citri has been studied by crossing resistant (As) and susceptible (So) populations, derived from collected populations in northern cities of Iran. The resistance ratios were estimated at 11.45, 3.45, 3.49, 3.72, and 6.16- folds in As, F1, F´1, F2, and F´2 in comparison to the So, respectively. The results of the response showed that resistance was inherited as a bromopropylate incomplete recessive inheritance (D = −0.01 and −0.02) that was detected as polygenic autosomal. The DEM, TPP, and PBO synergism assays in the As population reached 2.27, 2.24, and 1.66- folds, respectively. The in vivo enzyme assays suggested minor involvement of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, esterases, and GSTs in the P. citri population resistance to bromopropylate, with the highest ratio related to esterases.


Control of citrus nematode Tylenchulus semipenetrans (Tylenchida: Tylenchulidae) using plant-based products under in vitro and in vivo conditions

April 2024

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9 Reads

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1 Citation

Journal of Plant Protection Research

The citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipentrans) is one of the most important parasitic nematodes affecting citrus trees, causing gradual decline and reduced yield. Potential risks, high costs and environmental consequences of chemical compounds have led researchers to explore non-chemical methods such as using plant-based products for nematode management. The present study was conducted to control citrus nematodes using essential oil and water extract of Artemisia annua and methanolic extract of Melia azederach under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. In vitro bioassays were carried out, and the effects on toxicity, mortality, and egg hatching were assessed. The highest in vitro nematistatic activity was recorded for 250 ppm of A. annua essential oil and 500 ppm of M. azederach methanol extract by 100% paralysis of nematodes after 48 h. Furthermore, the highest nematicidal activity of A. annua essential oil, aqueous extract and methanolic extract of M. azederach was recorded to be about 60−100%, 40−87% and 38−100%, respectively. Among all concentrations of M. azederach methanolic extract and high concentrations of A. annua essential oil and aqueous extract, the repellents and motility inhibitors for nematodes were found. The results of egg hatching showed that essential oil of A. annua at a concentration of 250 ppm had the greatest reduction of egg hatching. In a greenhouse experiment, all the treatments were found to be significantly effective against the citrus nematode population in soil and roots compared to the control. Maximum reduction was observed in 500 ppm of methanolic extract of Melia azederach. Growth parameters (plant height, fresh and dry shoot and root weight) increased compared to the control when treatments were applied. Based on the results, plants such as A. annua and M. azedarach are considered to be promising control agents for citrus nematodes. The results indicate that products derived from these plants may be potential candidates for formulating new nematicides suitable for sustainable nematode management, although field trials are still needed to demonstrate their effectiveness for commercial use.


Figure 4: Age-stage survival rate (s xj ) of Tetranychus urticae at different stages in control and diflovidazin treatments
Figure 5: Age-specific survival rate (l x ), age-specific fecundity of the female (m x ) and age-specific maternity (l x m x ) of Tetranychus urticae at different stages in control and diflovidazin treatments
Figure 7: Age-stage life expectancy (e xj ) of Tetranychus urticae at different stages in control and diflovidazin treatments
The comparison of diflovidazin and fenpropathrin toxicity on different developmental stages of Tetranychus urticae
The toxicity index values of diflovidazin and fen- propathrin mixture on Tetranychus urticae

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Investigation of diflovidazin and fenpropathrin on two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae): population and interaction study
  • Article
  • Full-text available

March 2024

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81 Reads

Acta agriculturae Slovenica

Tetranychus urticae is one of the most important pests of agricultural crops around the world. This research investigated the lethal effects of diflovidazin and fenpropathrin on different life stages of two-spotted spider mites, the interaction of binary mixture of these two compounds, and sublethal effects of diflovidazin on the deutonymphs under laboratory conditions. The Potter spray tower was used for the bioassay of acaricides on different life stages of T. urticae. The results showed that diflovidazin was effective on different developmental stages excluding female’s adults. Also, fenpropathrin showed toxicity on all life stages except eggs. LC50 value and combination index (CI) of their mixture against deutonymph were 4.85 mg l-1 and 0.5 mg 1-1, respectively, which revealed a synergistic effect on T. urticae. Sublethal effects of LC30 concentration of diflovidazin were evaluated on life table parameters of T. urticae. The value of the intrinsic rate of increase (r), the finite rate of increase (λ), and the net reproductive rate (R0) significantly decreased in treated mites in comparison to control. These results suggested that diflovidazin could have significant roles in the control of T. urticae due to negative effect on population parameters as well as synergistic effect of binary mixtures of this acaricide with fenpropathrin.

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Figure 1. Age-stage survival rate (s xj ) of the offspring of Panonychus citri after the treatment of F0 deutonymphs with GC-mite applied at LC 20 and LC 30 .
Figure 2. Age-stage survival rate (l x ) and age-stage fecundity (m x ) of the offspring of Panonychus citri after the treatment of F0 deutonymphs with GC-mite applied at LC 20 and LC 30 .
Figure 3. Age-stage life expectancy (e xj ) of the offspring of Panonychus citri after the treatment of F0 deutonymphs with GC-mite applied at LC 20 and LC 30 .
The effects of a novel botanical pesticide on demographic and some biochemical parameters of Panonychus citri (McGregor)

August 2023

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100 Reads

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1 Citation

International Journal of Acarology

Hava Raoufi

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Mohammad Ghadamyari

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[...]

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Panonychus citri (McGregor) is one of the most destructive pests of citrus trees. Its control is difficult because it has developed resistance to some synthetic pesticides. GC-mite is a novel botanical pesticide based on cottonseed, clove, and garlic oils that has shown the potential to control tetranychid mites. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of sublethal concentrations of GC-mite on the life history and biochemical parameters of P. citri. Age-stage life table procedure was used to evaluate the effects of two sublethal concentrations (LC20 = 59.40 μg ml−1 and LC30 = 78.66 μg ml−1) of GC-mite on the development, longevity, and reproduction of P. citri. The biochemical analysis included the content of lipids, carbohydrates and glycogen, esterase, and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities. The developmental time of treated mites with LC30 was significantly longer than the control but the adult longevity and oviposition days of P. citri treated with both sublethal concentrations decreased. The total fecundity of treated mites decreased with increasing GC-mite concentration applied. The life table analysis showed that sublethal concentrations of GC-mite significantly affected gross reproductive rate (GRR), net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), and mean generation time (T). The estimated values of r were significantly lower than the control in LC20 (0.130 day−1) and LC30 (0.117 day−1). The lipids, carbohydrates and glycogen contents as well as esterase and GST activities were significantly lower in mites treated with LC30 concentration, but no significant effect was found in mites treated with LC20 and control. These results suggest that sublethal concentrations of GC-mite had significant effects on both demographic and biochemical parameters of P. citri.



Inheritance of resistance to imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos in greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum

February 2023

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37 Reads

Journal of Entomological Society of Iran

Inheritance of resistance of the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), to imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos was studied. In this study, the Filistan population (FL) and the Fardis population (FR) were used as resistant and susceptible parents, which collected from Varamin and Karaj cities, respectively. The resistance ratios (RR) of FL population obtained for imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos were about 13.62 and 14.91-fold, respectively. LC50 values of chlorpyrifos on F1 (R♂×S♀) and Fʹ1 (R♀×S♂) crosses did not show any significant difference. Therefore, the resistance of T. vaporariorum to chlorpyrifos is autosomal. Also, the values of dominance factor indicated that the resistance of greenhouse whitefly to chlorpyrifos is inherited in incomplete recessive form. In addition, by using the expected mortality of the F2 generation with the generations resulting from crossing, it was determined that the resistance of T. vaporariorum to chlorpyrifos is polygenic. The results obtained from imidacloprid bioassays showed that the resistance of the greenhouse whitefly to this compound is autosomal, incompletely dominant, and polygenic. The present study suggests that according to the knowledge of the inheritance of resistance of T. vaporariorum, it is possible to delay the spread of resistance by using timely, correct, intermittent, and mixed insecticides.



Figure 2. The phylogram of the best ML trees (lnL = -9636.915433) revealed by RAxML from an analysis of the 28S rDNA region. The sequence in bold is new from Iran.
Measurements of females of Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb, 1913 collected from the Guilan province. All measurements are in µm.
Measurements of second-stage juveniles (J2) and males of Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb, 1913 collected from the Guilan province.
Morphology and molecular characterization of Tylenchulus semipenetrans from citrus orchards in northern Iran

January 2023

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87 Reads

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1 Citation

Journal of Agricultural Sciences Belgrade

Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb, 1913 is among some of the most economically important plant-parasitic nematodes in the world. The nematode has been identified as the causal agent of slow decline. Most studies estimate the yield losses, due to T. semipenetrans, to range from 10% to 30%, depending on the level of infection, aggressiveness of the nematode population, soil characteristics, susceptibility of the rootstock, presence of other pathogens and grove management practices. In order to identify the citrus nematode in northern Iran, soil and root samples were collected from infected trees. The second-stage juveniles were isolated from the soils by the tray method. Eggs and females were extracted from roots by the centrifugal-flotation technique. Morphological observations and molecular evidence confirmed this population as T. semipenetrans. A phylogenetic tree of T. semipenetrans populations was reconstructed based on 28S rRNA gene sequences using RAxML. Morphologically, there is a slight difference between the studied population and the reported populations of T. semipenetrans from pomegranate and banana orchards in southern Iran. Phylogenetic analysis showed the close relationship of the T. semipenetrans population from northern Iran with other populations of this species. Based on molecular analysis, Tylenchulus was identified as a monophyletic group. The phylogenetic position and measurements of T. semipenetrans were provided.


Table 3 ).
Effects of lufenuron on energy reserve of 2 th instar larvae resulting from treated second instar larvae of Xanthogaleruca luteola
Biological and biochemical effects of lufenuron on Xanthogaleruca luteola (Muller, 1766 ) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

December 2022

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70 Reads

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1 Citation

Acta agriculturae Slovenica

p class="042abstractstekst"> Xanthogaleruca luteola (Mull., 1766) is the major defoliator pest of elm trees in urban area. In this study the effect of lufenuron on some biochemical and biological characteristics was investigated on X. luteola . The LC30 and LC50 of lufenuron were determined on the second instar larvae as 20.22 and 36.65 mg l-1, respectively. Effects of LC30 and LC50 concentrations of lufenuron on some biological parameters showed that lufenuron caused an increase in larval, pre-pupal and pupal developmental periods. Also, none of the female insects that emerged from the treated larvae did not spawn during their life. The LC50 concentration of lufenuron decreased carbohydrate, lipid and protein content and increased glycogen content. But there was not a significant difference in glycogen, and protein contents following the exposure to LC30 concentration. However, glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and esterase activities were significantly increased at LC50. In conclusion, due to lethal and sublethal effect of lufenuron on biochemical and biological traits of X. luteola , it can be recommended for control this pest in IPM program.</p


Toxic evaluation of Proclaim Fit on adult and larval worker honey bees

October 2022

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120 Reads

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2 Citations

Ecotoxicology

Impacts to honey bees due to exposure to agricultural pesticides is one of the most serious threats to the beekeeping industry. Our research evaluated toxicity of the formulated insecticides Lufenuron+Emamectin benzoate (Proclaim Fit®) on the European honey bee Apis mellifera L. at field-realistic concentration (worst-case scenario). Newly emerged (≤24-h old) and forager (unknown age) worker bees were treated with the field recommended concentration of Proclaim Fit® using three routes of exposure including residual contact, oral, and spray within the laboratory. We also assessed the effects of Proclaim Fit® on the specific activity of some well-known detoxifying enzymes including α-esterase, β-esterase, and Glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the honey bees. In addition, toxicity of the formulation was tested on 4th instar larvae within the hive. Based on estimated median survival times (MSTs), Proclaim Fit® was highly toxic to the bees, especially when applied as spray. According to our estimated relative median potency (RMP) values, newly emerged bees were 1.72× more susceptible than foragers to Proclaim Fit® applied orally. Enzyme assays revealed the considerable involvement of the enzymes, especially GST and α-esterase, in detoxification of the Proclaim Fit®, but their activities were significantly influenced by route of exposure and age of bee. Notably, Proclaim Fit® was highly toxic to 4th instar honey bee larvae. Our results generally indicate a potent toxicity of Proclaim Fit® toward honey bees. Therefore, its application requires serious consideration and adherence to strict guidelines, especially during the flowering time of crops.


Citations (74)


... The nematicidal potential of some plant extracts such as Allium sativum, Azadirachta indica has been proven due to the presence of compounds such as alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids and phenolic compounds (Imafidor et al., 2023). Many local and international studies have been well documented the toxicity or inhibitory effects of extracts and essential oils from various plants on root-knot nematodes (D'Addabbo et al., 2024;Asadi et al., 2024). These include extracts from medicinal plants such as thyme (Thymus vulgaris), chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile), fennel (Ferula communis), mallow (Malva sylvestris), sage (Salvia officinalis), and clove (Syzygium aromaticum), as well as extracts from tree species like neem (Azadirachta indica), chinaberry (Melia azedarach), walnut (Juglans regia), pomegranate (Punica granatum), and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) (Javed et al., 2008;Asadi Sardari et al., 2015;Alikarami et al., 2017;Maleita et al., 2017;Shazdeh Ahmadi, 2024). ...

Reference:

Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) and chinaberry (Melia azedarach) extracts' potential for sustainable control of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica
Control of citrus nematode Tylenchulus semipenetrans (Tylenchida: Tylenchulidae) using plant-based products under in vitro and in vivo conditions
  • Citing Article
  • April 2024

Journal of Plant Protection Research

... The net production rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and finite rate of increase (λ) were all reduced in LC10 and LC30 compare to control. Raoufi et al. (2023) reported effects of sublethal concentrations of botanical pesticide mixture (cottonseed, clove and garlic oil) on the life history and biochemical parameters of P. citri. The adult longevity, oviposition days and total fecundity of treated mites decreased in LC20 (59.40 µg/ml) and LC30 (78.66 µg/ml). ...

The effects of a novel botanical pesticide on demographic and some biochemical parameters of Panonychus citri (McGregor)

International Journal of Acarology

... In addition, increasing the dose of oleic acid does not affect the amount of lipid in our study ( Table 2). Administration of lufenuron to Xanthogaleruca luteola individuals showed no significant change in storage macromolecules at LC30 concentration [43]. This result is similar to our study. ...

Biological and biochemical effects of lufenuron on Xanthogaleruca luteola (Muller, 1766 ) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Acta agriculturae Slovenica

... The Varroa mite (Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman, 2000) is the most important pathological threat to the western honeybee (Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758) colonies (Dietemann et al., 2012). This mite damages honeybee colonies by feeding on fat body tissues of honeybees' different developmental stages (larvae, pupae, and adult) and the transmission of pathogenic viral agents (Anderson Varroa destructor was observed and reported for the first time in Iran in 1983, and it is currently the biggest problem in the beekeeping industry in Iran (Rahimi et al., 2014;Rahimi et al., 2017;Ghasemi et al., 2022;Rahimi et al., 2022Rahimi et al., , 2023. Beekeepers use synthetic acaricides such as Apistan, Coumaphos, and Amitraz to control this parasite in their apiaries (Ghasemi et al., 2022). ...

Toxic evaluation of Proclaim Fit on adult and larval worker honey bees

Ecotoxicology

... Based on our results, the developmental time of mites treated with LC 30 was significantly longer. Similar results were reported by Ahmed and Abdelwines (2021) and Raoufi et al. (2022) for this mite species. Regardless of the possible anti-nutritional effects of this acaricide, increasing the developmental time of immature stages in mites treated with sublethal concentrations gives them more time to cause damage to host trees. ...

Lethal and sublethal effects of fenazaquin and acequinocyl on demographic and some biochemical parameters of Panonychus citri (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae)
  • Citing Article
  • December 2021

International Journal of Acarology

... When investigating physiological selectivity, the phenomenon of acaricide resistance should be taken into account as well [123]. Regarding bioacaricides, the only example is resistance to abamectin and milbemectin, which is widespread in T. urticae populations [164] and also observed in other tetranychids [165,166]. ...

Acaricide resistance in Panonychus citri and P. ulmi (Acari: Tetranychidae): Molecular mechanisms and management implications
  • Citing Article
  • August 2021

Systematic and Applied Acarology

... These findings align with the observations made by Chintalchere et al. 2 ), who documented a decrease in protein, lipid, and carbohydrate concentrations following exposure to tea tree essential oils (TTEOs) and lemongrass (LG). However, a decline in both sugar and glycogen content observed later in treatment with CdS NPs may be attributed to their contribution to resisting the chemical stress induced via the assessed compounds 46 . Consequently, the disruption of metabolic processes caused by Cd-treated larvae likely contributed to larval mortality 79 www.nature.com/scientificreports/ ...

Cellular Energy Allocation of Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) treated with Flubendiamide and Thiocyclam Hydrogen Oxalate on Different Tomato Cultivars
  • Citing Article
  • March 2021

Neotropical Entomology

... However, resistance developmental mechanisms can vary in different insect species of diverse geographical areas (Alyokhin et al., 2008). Many studies have been conducted to characterize the inheritance of resistance in different insect pests to various insecticides, such as O. hyalinipennis to dimethoate (Banazeer et al., 2020) and sulfoxaflor (Wazir and Shad, 2021), and Plutella xylostella Linnaeus to chlorpyrifos (Zolfaghari and Ghadamyari, 2021). However, there are no published data on the inheritance of dimethoate resistance in A. biguttula. ...

Mode of inheritance of chlorpyrifos resistance in diamondback moth

International Journal of Pest Management

... This spectroscopic technique is invaluable for both qualitative and quantitative analyses of substances [51][52][53] . By comparing the fluorescence profiles of unknown samples against those of established standard substances, it is possible to identify and characterize the compounds present 54 . Figure 6 illustrates the fluorescence spectra of three chlorophenols, heme, and the complexes formed by the interaction of heme with these chlorophenols. ...

Monophosphoramide derivatives: synthesis and crystal structure, theoretical and experimental studies of their biological effects

Molecular Diversity

... Acaricidal efficacy at the field level is calculated for each hive as the ratio between the total number of mites killed by each evaluated treatment and the sum of the mites killed by each evaluated treatment þ the mites killed by a follow-up treatment and then multiplied by 100 to obtain the % efficacy (Dietemann et al., 2013). Several studies have evaluated the acaricide efficacy of organic acids (Sabahi et al., 2020) and more recently of EOs containing formulations from different plants (Rashid et al., 2020). Registered efficacy in those studies was highly variable especially at different climatic conditions (Rademacher & Harz, 2006), seasons, and apiaries (Gracia et al., 2017). ...

Evaluation of a new plant-based formulation for the treatment of varroosis in the honey bee colonies: efficacy and safety

Apidologie