Mohamed S. Pendekal’s research while affiliated with JSS College of Pharmacy and other places

The present investigation was designed with the intention to formulate a versatile 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) matrix tablet surpassing issues associated with current conventional chemotherapeutic drug delivery systems. The novel 5-FU matrix tablet fulfills therapeutic needs by engineering matrix tablets utilizing chitosan-sodium alginate interpolyelectrolyte complex (IPEC). IPEC was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The matrix tablets were formulated utilizing IPEC alone and in combination with chitosan, sodium alginate and sodium deoxycholate as permeation enhancer. Pharmaceutical properties, swelling studies, in vitro dissolution and diffusion studies, mucoadhesive studies and in vivo studies were performed for formulated 5-FU. The selected chitosan-sodium alginate IPEC offers pH independent 5-FU release in comparison to alone or physical mixture of chitosan and sodium alginate. Furthermore, novel matrix tablets demonstrated significantly higher bioadhesive properties with controlled 5-FU release without the initial burst effect and also demonstrated a higher permeation of 5-FU. To conclude, the developed novel 5-FU matrix tablets pave way as an excellent alternative for cancer treatment which could potentially minimize the dose dependent side effects and provide better patient compliance.

Precipitation method is employed for preparation of chitosan and polycarbophil interpolyelectrolyte complex (IPEC) followed by characterization with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Differential Scanning calorimeter (DSC) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). 5-FU tablets were prepared by direct compression using IPEC. Six formulations were prepared with IPEC alone and in combination with chitosan, polycarbophil and Sodium deoxycholate. The formulations were tested for drug content, hardness, friability, weight variation, thickness, swelling studies, in vitro drug release (buccal, vaginal and rectal pH), ex vivo permeation studies, mucoadhesive strength and in vivo studies. FT-IR studies represent the change in spectra for the IPEC than single polymers.DSC study represents the different thermo gram for chitosan, polycarbophil and IPEC whereas in X-ray diffraction, crystal size alteration was observed. Formulations containing IPEC showed pH independent controlled 5-FU without an initial burst release effect in buccal, vaginal and rectal pH. Furthermore, F4 formulations showed controlled release 5-FU with highest bioadhesive property and satisfactory residence in both buccal and vaginal cavity of rabbit. 3% of SDC in formulation F6 exhibited maximum permeation of 5-FU. The suitable combination of IPEC, chitosan and polycarbophil demonstrated potential candidate for controlled release of 5-FU in buccal, vaginal and rectal pH with optimum swelling approaching zero order release.

Tizanidine hydrochloride (THCl) is an antispasmodic agent which undergoes extensive first pass metabolism making it a possible candidate for buccal delivery. The aim of this study was to prepare a monolayered buccal patch containing THCl using the emulsification solvent evaporation method. Fourteen formulations were prepared using the polymers Eudragit® RS 100 or Eudragit® RL 100 and chitosan. Polymer solutions in acetone were combined with a THCl aqueous solution (in some cases containing chitosan) by homogenization at 9000 rpm for 2 min in the presence of triethyl citrate as plasticizer and cast in novel Teflon molds. Physicochemical properties such as film thickness, in vitro drug release and in vitro mucoadhesion were evaluated after which permeation across sheep buccal mucosa was examined in terms of flux and lag time. Formulations prepared using a Eudragit® polymer alone exhibited satisfactory physicomechanical properties but lacked a gradual in vitro drug release pattern. Incorporation of chitosan into formulations resulted in the formation of a porous structure which did exhibit gradual release of drug. In conclusion, THCl can be delivered by a buccal patch formulated as a blend of Eudragit® and chitosan, the latter being necessary to achieve gradual drug release.

A variety of approaches have been studied in the past to overcome the problems encountered with the delivery of antifungal, for effective treating of oral and vaginal candidiasis. In this study, a novel mucoadhesive tablets with pH-independent drug release characteristic was prepared by chitosan and carbopol® 71G interpolymer complex (IPC) claims for multipurpose use. Precipitation method is employed for preparation of IPC followed by characterization with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Bucco-Vaginal Miconazole nitrate (MN) compacts were prepared by direct compression using IPC. The formulations were tested for physicomechanical properties, in vitro drug release (buccal and vaginal pH), swelling studies and mucoadhesion strength. The dissolution of MN from all the prepared tablets into the phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) and simulated vaginal fluid pH 4.2 (SVF) were controlled and followed non-fickian Release mechanism. Formulations containing IPC showed pH independent controlled Miconazole nitrate release without an initial burst release effect in both buccal and vaginal pH. Furthermore, F14 formulations showed satisfactory bioadhesive property and controlled release MN than all other formulations. However, the suitable combination of polymer with IPC exhibited the controlled release MN and satisfactory bioadhesive property with surface erosion along with swelling approached Zero-order release.

Periodontitis is a common disease involving supportive structures of the teeth in all groups, ethnicities, racesand both genders. Targeting to periodontal pocket has made an important contribution to treat periodontitis, but has yetto fully achieve its potential for better treating the periodontal diseases. This review highlights the stages of diseases,etiology and different forms of periodontal diseases for better understanding. This article then proceeds to cover theperiodontal probes, systemic medications and local therapy. Additionally, we focus on the recent advancements of localdrug delivery for treating periodontal diseases.