Miriam Alvo's research while affiliated with Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile and other places

... La transmisión de este virus se produce a través del contacto entre personas y tiene incidencia relevante en la mortalidad y morbilidad 3 . Debido a su rápido avance, las autoridades de salud implementaron medidas de control 4 , adicionalmente y con el propósito de reducir la propagación se iniciaron cuarentenas masivas en todos los continentes, situación que afectó a gran parte de la ciudadanía 5 , incluida la población chilena 6 . En la actualidad investigadores continúan estudios para el desarrollo y aplicación de vacunas masivas 7 y se ha autorizado el uso de emergencia de varias de ellas 8 , las que han tenido favorables resultados 9 . ...

... While the negative relationship between outdoor temperature and BP readings has been observed in many studies (63)(64)(65)(66)(67), similar relationship was hypothesized for arterial stiffness, but studies reported inconsistent results. Di Pilla et al. reported that in an unadjusted regression analysis, cfPWV recorded by SphygmoCor was weakly and inversely associated with outdoor temperature, but not in a multiple regression analysis that controlled for age, BMI, SBP, DBP, daylight hours, O 3 , CO, and N 2 O (25). ...

... [1][2][3] Genetic and environmental factors play important roles in its pathogenesis. [4][5][6][7][8] Disease manifestations and severity vary according to the patients' racial/ethnic background and socioeconomic status (SES). 1 9 10 Data from Grupo Latino Americano de Estudio del Lupus (GLADEL), Lupus in Minorities: Nature vs Nurture (LUMINA) and the Lupus Family Registry and Repository cohorts have demonstrated that Latin American and North American Mestizo patients (mixed Amerindian and European ancestry), African descendants and Native Americans develop lupus earlier 11 12 although diagnostic delays may occur. 1 They also experience more severe disease, have higher disease activity levels, 1 accrue more organ damage 2 and have higher mortality rates, 1 succumbing mainly to disease activity and/or infections. 1 3 13-15 Although guidelines for SLE treatment do exist and there is scarce evidence to support specific therapies for Latin American patients with lupus, [16][17][18][19][20][21] this regional effort has considered the impact of racial/ethnic background 1 10 22-28 and SES 3 9 on lupus outcomes and treatment response. 25 26 Other medication variables such as cost and availability were also taken into account since they affect adherence and are relevant in decision-making. ...

... Type 2 diabetes is a prevalent condition globally and in Chile, affecting 12% of adults [1] and costing US$2 billion/year or 0.9% of that country's gross domestic product [2]. In response, the Chilean Ministry of Health has implemented a cardiovascular care program using the Chronic Care Model (CCM) [3]. ...

... Taking into account previous publications on the same geographic region, [24][25][26] there is an evident increase in incidence, changing from a moderate-risk zone to a high-risk zone for HF. 1 It is the first reported high-risk zone for HF in the country. Furthermore, it has been reported that the Latin American population suffers mostly from extracapsular HF. 24 Population studies of adults aged 65 years or older without HF in the same country have shown the following prevalence of B12 deficiency (with WHO cut-off points): Sánchez et al. 27 report 12% in a sample of 1028 subjects, increasing to 25.4% when marginal deficiency is included; Cabrera et al. 28 report 11.3% in a similar sample of 1013 subjects; and Castillo-Lancellotti et al. report 8.1% in a sample of 1043 subjects. 29 The results of this study show higher prevalence levels than these. ...

... If there is a renal disorder that affects glomerular structure and function, it is characterized as glomerular fibrosis, whereas infections or proteinuria will lead to tubulointerstitial fibrosis [17]. Curiously, the development of fibrosis in the tubulointerstitium is the foremost predictor for the progression to ESRD in diabetic nephropathy (DN) [18]. DN is considered to be a syndrome [19] characterized by leakage of albumin, metabolites, and ions into the urine, alterations in the GFR, and a higher prevalence of stroke and cardiovascular diseases [20,21]. ...

... Es importante señalar que en los primeros años de instaurada la diálisis en Chile, no se aceptaban pacientes diabéticos por tener menor sobrevida y mayor morbilidad, situación que ha variado radicalmente al demostrarse lo errado del concepto (48). ...

... Polymerase chain reaction (PCR): Conventional method of PCR amplification was used for genotyping of rs#466452 of the nephrin gene SNP by the method described by González et al. 14 The primer sequences used for DNA amplification are as follows: F 5'-ACAGCCTGTTGTC TGGGATTCACT-3'. 5'-GACCTTCAGTATGCAGCAACCACA-3'. ...

... Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the main microvascular complication of diabetes often leading to CKD. As a matter of fact, DN is the main cause of dialysis admissions (34% of admissions) [14]. DN occurs when high blood glucose concentrations impair the function of renal blood vessels and glomerular and epithelial tubular cells [15]. ...

... 4 Moreover, although these studies were prospective, only one (total enrollment 10 patients) was actually randomized. 5 The remainder crossed patients unidirectionally from usual care/control to midodrine. This design is problematic considering the principle of regression to the mean, which states that in any series of complex phenomena that are dependent on many variables and chance is involved, extreme outcomes tend to be followed by more moderate ones. ...