Miodrag Regodić’s research while affiliated with University of Banja Luka and other places

Fire risk management starts with an assessment of the most flammable places. In this paper, identification, classification and mapping of forest fire risk is completed with an aim of reducing the ratio and ecological damage caused by the fire. Suggested model is based on the combination of Geographical Information Systems and multi-criteria decision analysis using Analytic Hierarchy Process for mapping and assessment of forest fire risk in the area of Municipality Nevesinje, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The process was developed with an aid of 8 criteria grouped in four clusters. The weights are determined using AHP. Final map of forest fire risk is classified in 5 categories, from very low to very high risk, and indicates that 13.2% of Municipality area is in very high forest fire risk zone. The proposed method and the results of this study can be used for a policy of sustainable development at all levels of government

This paper presents a possibility of creating and compilation of digital cartographic products of certain geographic area using modern cartographic approach along with the use of traditional cartographic methods and procedures within certain GIS software. Within the system of cartographic and GIS methods this paper presents analogue-digital conversion of cartographic data, defining and control of mathematical elements of atlas maps, processing and generating of geographic atlas content of the Gulf. In this paper multifunctionality and different aspects of using obtained digital geodata are presented through the project of modelling and creating Digital atlas of the Boka Kotorska Gulf regardless of the epoch of formation of the basic cartographic sources because the changes occurring are not the same in the case of all geographic map elements. The advantages of modelling thematic atlas within applied system of cartographic and GIS methods are listed what represents the way for getting new charts and new data about quantitative and qualitative characteristics of certain geographic phenomena of the Gulf.

In this paper cartographic sources for producing the Military geographic names database of the Republic of Serbia have been evaluated. The aim of the evaluation was to establish indicators for the quality and quantity of cartographic sources. Within the qualitative evaluation, the whole system of toponymical works is analysed as well as the quality for each cartographic source in the Military Geographical Institute (MGI). In addition to the qualitative evaluation, the quantity of geographic names on military cartographic sources in relation to specific thematic category of geographic names is determined and in fact cumulatively for each basic cartographic source.

This paper presents a transport spatial decision support model (TSDSM) for carrying out the optimization of green routes for city logistics centers. The TSDSM model is based on the integration of the multi-criteria method of Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) and the modified Dijkstra algorithm within a geographic information system (GIS). The GIS is used for processing spatial data. The proposed model makes it possible to plan routes for green vehicles and maximize the positive effects on the environment, which can be seen in the reduction of harmful gas emissions and an increase in the air quality in highly populated areas. The scheduling of delivery vehicles is given as a problem of optimization in terms of the parameters of: the environment, health, use of space and logistics operating costs. Each of these input parameters was thoroughly examined and broken down in the GIS into criteria which further describe them. The model presented here takes into account the fact that logistics operators have a limited number of environmentally friendly (green) vehicles available. The TSDSM was tested on a network of roads with 127 links for the delivery of goods from the city logistics center to the user. The model supports any number of available environmentally friendly or environmentally unfriendly vehicles consistent with the size of the network and the transportation requirements.

In this paper cartographic sources for producing the Military geographic names database of the Republic of Serbia have been evaluated. The aim of the evaluation was to establish indicators for the quality and quantity of cartographic sources. Within the qualitative evaluation, the whole system of toponymical works is analysed as well as the quality for each cartographic source in the Military Geographical Institute (MGI). In addition to the qualitative evaluation, the quantity of geographic names on military cartographic sources in relation to specific thematic category of geographic names is determined and in fact cumulatively for each basic cartographic source.

It has always been a real need to perceive (survey) directly and study the events whose extent is beyond upper limitations of people's possibilities. In order to get new data, to make observations and studying much more objective in comparison with so far syntheses - a new method of examination - called remote sensing - has been adopted. The paper deals with the principles and elements of remote sensing, as well as basic aspects of using remote researches in the analysis and interpretation of X - rays in medicine. Usage of remote sensing methods is possible in all phases of processing and analysis of X - rays in medicine. In these researches are used images of different characteristics, and the analysis and interpretation is carried out by viewing and computer added procedures.

There has always been a need to directly perceive and study the events whose extent is beyond people's possibilities. In order to get new data and to make observations and studying much more objective in comparison with past syntheses - a new method of examination called remote sensing has been adopted. The paper deals with the principles and elements of remote sensing, as well as with the basic aspects of using remote research in examining meteorological (weather) parameters and the conditions of the atmosphere. The usage of satellite images is possible in all phases of the global and systematic research of different natural phenomena when airplane and satellite images of different characteristics are used and their analysis and interpretation is carried out by viewing and computer added procedures. Introduction Remote sensing of the Earth enables observing and studying global and local events that occur on it. Satellite images are nowadays used in geology, agriculture, forestry, geodesy, meteorology, spatial and urbanism planning, designing of infrastructure and other objects, protection from natural and technological catastrophes, etc. It it possible to use satellite images in all phases of global and systematic research of different natural phenomena. Basics of remote sensing Remote sensing is a method of the acquisition and interpretation of information about remote objects without making a physical contact with them. The term Daljinska detekcija is a literal translation of the English term Remote Sensing. In French it isTeledetection, in German - Fernerkundung, in Russian - дистанционие иследования. We also use terms such as: remote survailance, remote research, teledetection, remote methods, and distance research. The basic elements included in Remote Sensing are: object, electromagnetic energy, sensor, platform, image, analysis, interpretation and the information (data, fact). Usage of satellite remote research in monitoring natural phenomena The images taken from Remote Sensing have helped men to use the environment and natural resources in a better way. It is expected that the developement of new technologies will spread the usage of satellite images for the welfare of mankind as well. Besides monitoring the surface of the Earth, the satellite monitoring of the processes inside the Earth itself is of great importance since these processes can cause different catastrophes such as earthquakes, volcano eruptions, floods, etc. Usage of satellite images in monitoring atmospheric phenomena The launch of artificial earth satellites has opened new possibilities for monitoring and studying atmospheric phenomena. A large number of meteorological satellites have been launched by now (Nimbus, Meteor, SNS, ESSA, Meteosat, Terra, etc.). Since these images are primarily used for weather forecast, meteorologists use them to get information about the characteristics of clouds related to their temperature, the temperature of the cloud layer, the degree of cloudness, the profiles of humidity content, the wind parameters, etc. Meteosat satellites Meteosat is the first European geostationary satellite designed for meteorological research. The use of these satellites enabled the surveying in the visible and the near IR part of the spectrum as well as in the infrared thermal and water steam track. Based on these images, it was possible to obtain data such as: height of clouds, cloud spreading and moving, sea surface temperature, speed of wind, distribution of the water steam, balance of radiation, etc. Usage of satellite images in monitoring floods Satellite images are an excellent background and an initial phase for preventing severe catastrophic events caused by floods. Due to satellite images, it is possible to manage overflown regions before, during and after floods. This enables prevention, forecasting, detection and elimination of consequences, i.e. demage. Satellite images are of great help after the withdrawal of water, for the estimation of damage and flood recovery. Usage of satellite images in detectingearthquakes Remote sensing is widely used in the procedure of detecting and locating earthquakes. Earthquakes can be detected by the combination of geophysical methods with multispectral and radar images. By combining these nethods, we can monitor the conditions of seizmic areas. The obtained information can be computed and sent to information centres in stationary stations where the modelling of earthquake-affected terrains is carried out. Usage of satellite images in monitoring volcanos Remote sensing has been used ifor examining a large number of active vulcanos. Monitoring is performed several times, during and after eruptions. The modelling of volcanic areas enables the definition of lava-effusion zones,and potentially dangerous zones, which is further used for planning the protection of affected areas. Usage of satellite images in monitoring fire (blaze) One of important methods of investigating, forecasting and monitoring forest fires is remote sensing. Satellite images are valuable in discovering fires and in mapping affected areas within the geographical-information system (GIS), as well as in the estimation of demage caused by fire. Satellite images can also be usedto estimate the temperature on the Earth surface. Conclusion Remote sensing becomes an increasingly important and unavoidable method of the acquisition of data on geospacein general. The importance of thus obtained data is invaluable in all phases of monitoring catastrophic events, from detecting their onsets through monitoring their spreading and effects to the phase of recovery. New generations of sensors enable systematic monitoring, recording and measuring different data important for detecting changes and processes in the sea, on the ground and in the atmosphere. The procedures of remote sensing enable surveying (recording) and registration of different natural phenomena. Thus acquired data can reveal ongoing activities in these environments and, moreover, predict posssible catastrophic scenarios in the nature..

Due to the possibilities it provides, remote sensing is the basic method for the creation and updating of maps, in our country and abroad. The use of satellite images in the development of cartographic products will have an increasingly important role in the future. Satellite missions that are engaged in the sale and distribution of satellite imagery have also become engaged in the processing of those images, which allows them to appear on the market not only with images, but with final data in widely-used public formats and coordinate systems. This work presents several digital processing methods used in the processing of satellite images, with special emphasis on orthorectification and georeferencing procedures, performed experimentally on high-quality WorldView-1 imagery.

In this study, land cover types in mountain Avala, Belgrade (Serbia), test area were analysed on the basis of the classification results acquired using the pixel based and object-oriented image analysis approaches. SPOT 5 with 4 spectral bands was used to carry out the image classification and ground truth data were collected from the available maps and personal knowledge. In pixel-based image analysis, unsupervised classification based on ISODATA algorithm was realised first to provide priori knowledge on the possible candidate spectral classes existing in the experimental area. Then supervised classification was performed using the three different approaches of minimum-distance, paralellepiped and maximum-likelihood. On the other hand, object-oriented image analysis was evaluated through the eCognition software. During the implementation, several different sets of parameters were tested for image segmentation and nearest neigbour was used as the classifier. Outcome from the classification works show that the objectoriented approach gave more accurate results (including higher producer’s and user’s accuracy for most of the land cover classes) than those achieved by pixel-based classification algorithms.

In this study, land cover types and degree of urbanization in Belgrade test area were analyzed on the basis of the classification results acquired using object-oriented image analysis approaches. LANDSAT 7 with 7 spectral bands was used to carry out the image classification and ground truth data were collected from the available maps and personal knowledge. Object-oriented image analysis was evaluated through the eCognition software. During the implementation, several different sets of parameters were tested for image segmentation and the nearest neighbor method was used as the classifier. Outcome from the classification works show that the object-oriented approach gave very accurate results (including higher producer's and user's accuracy for most of the land cover classes) for extraction land cover classes and degree of urbanization from satellite images.