December 2024
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After a century of relative stability in the electricity sector, the widespread adoption of distributed energy resources, along with recent advancements in computing and communication technologies, has fundamentally altered how energy is consumed, traded, and utilized. This change signifies a crucial shift as the power system evolves from its traditional hierarchical organization to a more decentralized approach. At the heart of this transformation are innovative energy distribution models, like peer-to-peer (P2P) sharing, which enable communities to collaboratively manage their energy resources. The effectiveness of P2P sharing not only improves the economic prospects for prosumers, who generate and consume energy, but also enhances energy resilience and sustainability. This allows communities to better leverage local resources while fostering a sense of collective responsibility and collaboration in energy management. However, there is still no extensive implementation of such sharing models in today’s electricity markets. Research on distributed energy P2P trading is still in the exploratory stage, and it is particularly important to comprehensively understand and analyze the existing distributed energy P2P trading market. This paper contributes with an overview of the P2P markets that starts with the network framework, market structure, technical approach for trading mechanism, and blockchain technology, moving to the outlook in this field.