January 1986
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157 Reads
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3,234 Citations
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January 1986
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157 Reads
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3,234 Citations
... Based on the dialogic principles deduced from Vygotsky's socio-cultural theory and Bakhtin's dialogic heteroglossia, Johnson concludes that in a dialectical relationship language is not universal but localized; language performance and competence are not separable; cognition and second language development are not separated, rather one transforms the other. In sum, to Bakhtin (1981 Bakhtin ( ,1986) language is not seen as a set of idealized forms independent of their speakers or their speaking, but rather as situated utterances in which speakers are in struggle with others to create meanings. For Bakhtin, the notion of individual speaker is a fiction because utterances are constructed jointly. ...
January 1986