Mikhail Konstantinov’s research while affiliated with Orenburg State University and other places

Studies of the reaper designed for two-phase harvesting by batch method, conducted earlier showed the prospects for the development and research of technical means to preserve grain that can already be considered lost. As a solution to the problem, a modernized reaper designed for two-phase harvesting by batch method was developed, in the design of which a device was introduced for collecting grain that came out of the ear in contact with the main nodes of the header, which was called a device for collecting free grain. The fan is an important element of the device for collecting grain, so the justification of its parameters and operating modes described in this article is relevant. In the course of solving this problem, mathematical expressions were obtained that allow us to justify the choice of a fan for the particular case under consideration – for a device for collecting free grain that complements the design of a batch header. The article explains the choice of a specific type of fan. As conclusions on the article under consideration, the results of the conducted research are shown. In particular, the ranges of optimal values of a number of parameters of the considered fan, such as, for example, the power consumption of the fan and its performance, are presented. All the research results shown in the article relate directly to a particular case of a fan – a fan that is part of a device for collecting free grain.

The article considers promising directions for reducing the energy performance of machines during tillage. It is established that the most effective reduction of the traction resistance of machines for tillage can be provided by the synthesis of technical means for tillage with devices for generating additional disturbing forces and fields that change the interaction of working bodies with the soil, i.e., using forced vibrations applied to the frame of the tillage tool. The design of the modernized working body of the slot machine and a number of its structural and geometric parameters are justified and developed. The use of a new working body will allow simultaneously with the cutting of slits to increase the moisture capacity of the arable layer, and effectively accumulate autumn-winter precipitation.

The article deals with issues related to the territorial and climatic features of agricultural activities in the Russian Federation. Due to the large area of the country, the conditions for agriculture in different regions may differ greatly. At the same time, a significant part of the territory is affected by soil erosion. The main types of erosion are considered. The essence of the process of wind erosion or deflation and its key features are analyzed. In addition to soil erosion, insufficient soil moisture was noted as a disadvantage in a number of regions. A number of solutions to these problems are considered. As a solution to the problem, it is proposed to use a Reaper for two-phase harvesting of grain crops, which is equipped with a device for forming strips of high stubble residues. Formed high stubble residues provide snow retention and allow to counteract soil erosion. The paper deals with General issues of technology and design of the proposed machine. The results of theoretical and experimental field research related to the issues under consideration are presented.

The theory of the force action of the working body of the slitter on the ground is considered. It is proposed to divide this force into four components: the force of cutting the material, the force of overcoming the friction forces acting on the ground, the force of cracking the material and the force of resistance of the ground environment. Theoretical dependences for determining the components of the tool’s traction resistance when using vibration are proposed. As a result of theoretical and experimental studies, it was found that due to the vibration effect of the working body of the slot rod, the traction resistance is reduced by 13.8%. The decrease is due to changes in the physical and mechanical properties of the soil under the influence of directional vibrations.

The object of research is the conveyor, which is the mechanism of the header for two–phase harvesting by batch method. The aim of the research is to develop the design and technological process ofthe roll portion header, the most suitable for the conditions of arid climate with the justification ofits main operating parameters. In the conditions of the steppe zone of the southern Urals, a separatemethod of harvesting grain crops is more preferable. The analysis of the structures windrowers allowed todevelop a portion of the header. The technological process as a portion of the header includes two phases — mowing and subsequent accumulation of the grain mass on the conveyor, and then upload. The unloaded portions are joined with the stacked in the previous passage – this is how the roll strip is formed. This option of laying the roll can reduce the number of passes in the selection of about 4–5 times in comparison with the basic technology. This allows you to reduce the cost of selection and reduce the impact of heavy machinery on the soil. A special role in the work of the header plays a conveyor. It is established that the thickness of the layer of stems on the Reaper conveyor depends on theworking length of the conveyor and the speed of movement of the unit on the field, the density and diameter of the stalk, the density of laying on the conveyor.