Michio Nakagawa’s research while affiliated with Osaka City University and other places

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Publications (5)


Balloon observations of temporal variation in the global circuit compared to global lightning activity
  • Article

December 2005

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39 Reads

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20 Citations

Advances in Space Research

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Michael F. Kokorowski

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Richard L. Dowden

Vertical electric current density was obtained from direct electric field and conductivity measurements on two stratospheric balloon payloads during the 2nd polar patrol balloon (PPB) campaign from Syowa Station in Antarctica during January 2003. Payloads of these two flights were identical and were launched 8-h apart resulting in separation distances of a few hundred km during the time of overlapping data. The float altitude of each was a little over 30 km. The global circuit return current derived from these measurements is compared to the global lightning activity determined by the world wide lightning location (WWLLN) network. The total number of lightning events detected anywhere in the world are simply summed to form an hourly lightning flash rate for the time of the PPB data. The WWLLN and return current density data are shown to have a strong correlation, often with a strong universal time daily variation, similar to that expected for the global circuit.


Balloon observations of temporal and spatial fluctuations in stratospheric conductivity

December 2005

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71 Reads

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11 Citations

Advances in Space Research

The first campaign of the Polar Patrol Balloon (PPB) experiment (1st-PPB) was carried out at Syowa Station in Antarctica during 1990–1991 and 1992–1993. Based on the results of the 1st-PPB experiment, the next campaign (2nd-PPB) was carried out in the austral summer of 2002–2003. This paper will present stratospheric conductivity results from the 2nd-PPB experiment. In that experiment, three balloons were launched for the purpose of upper atmosphere physics observation (three balloons). Payloads of these three flights were identical with each other, and were launched as close together in time as allowed by weather conditions to constitute a cluster of balloons during their flights. Such a “Balloon Cluster” is suitable to observe temporal evolution and spatial distribution of phenomena in the ionospheric regions and boundaries that the balloons traversed during their circumpolar trajectory. More than 20 days of simultaneous fair weather 3-axis electric field and stratospheric conductivity data were obtained at geomagnetic latitudes ranging from sub-auroral to the polar cap. Balloon separation varied from ∼60 to >1000 km. This paper will present stratospheric conductivity observations with emphasis on the temporal and spatial variations that were observed.


Measurement of Cosmic-Ray Protons During Polar Patrol Balloon Experiment in Antarctica

December 1996

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6 Reads

To study cosmic protons, helium and CNO components (E=100-500 MeV/n) together with Hard X-rays (E=30-120 keV) of auroral, solar and/or cosmic origins, the Polar Patrol Balloon no. 6 (PPB #6) was launched from Syowa Station, Antarctica on January 5, 1993 by the 34th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition. PPB#6 moved westward by 1.5 circumpolar rounds over Antarctica covering 6-13 g/sq cm atmospheric depth and 63-70 deg S geographic latitude. The cosmic radiation intensity was measured by the detector system on PPB#6. This paper shows the cosmic proton intensity as a function of the geomagnetic rigidity and the proton spectra at invariant latitude of 55 deg, 80 deg, and at the cusp latitude.



Citations (3)


... By improving the BETS instrument, we also observed atmospheric gamma rays in the energy range from a few GeV to several 10 GeV at mountain and at balloon altitudes for the calibration of the atmospheric neutrino flux calculations (Kasahara et al., 2002). In order to observe the higher-energy electrons above 100 GeV, we have developed an advanced BETS detector (Torii et al., 2006b) and observed cosmic-ray electrons by using Polar Patrol Balloon (PPB), which has a capability to achieve a long duration balloon flight for $4 weeks at an altitude of $35 km in Antarctica (Kadokura et al., 2002). ...

Reference:

Cosmic-ray electron spectrum above 100GeV from PPB-BETS experiment in Antarctica
Polar Patrol Balloon experiment in Antartica during 2002-2003
  • Citing Article

... Byrne et al. (1988) observed stratospheric conductivity and its change at three latitudes (10-30 km) by using nine high-altitude balloons, and they discussed the effects of aerosols and latitudinal temperature variations. In addition, Hu and Holzworth (1996), Bering et al. (2005) and John et al. (2009) have completed measurements of stratospheric conductivity. They used the relaxation probe method, which saves space and electricity and is also applicable to space missions (Berthelier et al. 2000). ...

Balloon observations of temporal and spatial fluctuations in stratospheric conductivity
  • Citing Article
  • December 2005

Advances in Space Research

... This is a real-time global flash detection network with worldwide coverage. WWLLN has more than 70 sensors around the world today [59][60][61]. Each station in the network consists of a 1.5 m antenna, a GPS (global positioning system) receiver, a receiver for very low frequency electromagnetic radiation (VLF) called lightning sferics and a computer with internet connection. ...

Balloon observations of temporal variation in the global circuit compared to global lightning activity
  • Citing Article
  • December 2005

Advances in Space Research