Michelle J K Osterman's research while affiliated with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other places

... 4,5 A similar pattern has been observed in the United States (US), where the MLP preterm birth rate has risen by 3.7% over the same period. 6 The increase in the MLP birth rate has been simultaneous with advancing maternal ages and better obstetric surveillance. 4−6 As infants born MLP vastly outnumber very preterm (VP; 28 to <32 weeks' gestation) and extremely preterm (EP; <28 weeks' gestation) survivors, morbidity in those born MLP may result in substantial economic and healthcare burden. ...

... High rates of multiple births accompanied by complications of prematurity are well-documented (20,21). According to the National Vital Statistics' report, in the US, preterm birth rates were found as 9.9% for single births, 57.4% for twin births and 92.7% for births involving triplets or more babies (22). In a meta-analysis covering different countries, it was determined that in multiple pregnancies that occurred as a result of in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic injection, the highest reported prevalence of preterm birth was observed in Singapore (25). ...

... data were not available until the recent release of 2020 birth certificate data from the National Center for Health Statistics. 10,11 There is a preference for the term "community birth" to identify planned home and birth center births, [12][13][14] with the understanding that planned home births that result in a transfer to hospital are typically recorded as hospital births. 15 The aim of this paper is to analyze the changes in community birth rates between 2019, prior to the pandemic, and 2020 when the pandemic potentially changed interest in community births. ...

... Multiple pregnancy is a known risk factor for PTB. The majority of multiple pregnancies deliver preterm, and the higher the number of fetuses, the lower the expected gestational age at delivery, which leads to increased morbidity and mortality 150 . The approximate rates of preterm delivery < 34 weeks in the USA in 2018 were 2% for singletons, 20% for twins, 63% for triplets and 83% for quadruplets 150 . ...

... 4 Analyses of birth certificate accuracy in other states including New York and Vermont have also reported a low rate of reliability for pregnancy complications including hypertension, previous preterm birth, and maternal transfusion. 15,16 Conversely, other variables were reported with higher accuracy including method of delivery and Medicaid coverage. 16 In the present study, the only variable related to pregnancy complications with low accuracy was maternal hypertension. ...

... Caesarean section is the most commonly performed surgical procedure in the USA, with approximately 1.2 million caesarean deliveries occurring annually. 1 It is common practice to administer opioids in the postoperative period 2 ; however, the rise of the opioid epidemic in the USA has emphasised the need for interventions to reduce opioid use among postoperative patients. One in 300 women who fill a prescription for opioids after caesarean section will become a chronic opioid user, 3 and the number of overdose deaths among reproductive-aged women in the USA increased 260% between 1999 and 2017. ...

... As our hospital is the tertiary referral center for more than 20 counties, women with significant comorbidities including level 3 obesity, gestational diabetes or hypertensive disorders, and identified fetal abnormalities, are sent to our hospital from smaller institutions for delivery. Also, most women with a prior Cesarean receive a repeat for their next delivery, with 86.2% of all Cesarean deliveries nationally attributable to repeat Cesareans (21). This trend, likely mirrored in our institution, may serve to compound the percentage of Cesarean births in our study. ...

... The increase in the number of multiple pregnancies has been attributed to two main factors: (1) the natural increase because of the increase in advanced maternal age pregnancies and (2) the artificial increase owing to the increased use of assisted reproduction technologies [16]. In the United States of America, the multiple pregnancy rate has been declining again since the 2010s [17,18]. In Japan, the number of transferable embryos has been strictly limited by the guidelines of the Japanese Society for Reproductive Medicine in 2007, when the use of assisted reproduction technologies accounted for 1.8% of all newborns. ...

... For adolescents aged <15 years, abortion rates were calculated using the number of adolescents aged 13-14 years; for women aged ≥40 years, abortion rates were calculated using the number of women aged 40-44 years. For the calculation of abortion ratios, live birth data were obtained from CDC natality files and included births to women of all ages living in the reporting areas that provided abortion data (43)(44)(45). For calculation of the total abortion rates and total ratios only, women with unknown data on selected characteristics (e.g., age, race/ethnicity, and marital status) were distributed according to the distribution of abortions among women with known information on the characteristic. ...

... Una de las poblaciones de riesgo para el desarrollo de vínculos de apego inseguros son los bebés prematuros, es decir, aquellos que nacen antes de completar las 37 semanas de gestación (SDG). La prevalencia de la prematuridad está aumentando, especialmente en los países más desarrollados, identificando actualmente una prevalencia global de entre 9,6 y 11,1% (Hamilton et al., 2016;Vogel et al., 2018). Los bebés prematuros tienen más riesgo de mortalidad (aunque ha disminuido en los últimos años por los avances en neonatología), morbilidad y de padecer problemas físicos, alternaciones del neurodesarrollo, problemas conductuales, cognitivos, emocionales y del aprendizaje, riesgo que se incrementa al reducirse la edad gestacional (Benzies et al., 2013;World Health Organization, 2016). ...