Micheli Sossai Spadeto’s research while affiliated with Federal University of Espírito Santo and other places

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Publications (9)


Figure 1. Relative area (%) of terpenic classes in relation to accessions of Psidium cattleyanum (CAT1, CAT2, CAT3, CAT4, CAT5, CAT6 and CAT8). Hydrogenated monoterpenes (HM), oxygenated monoterpenes (OM), hydrogenated sesquiterpenes (HS) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (OS).
Figure 2. Chemical structure of the major compounds found in accessions of Psidium cattleyanum.
Correlation (r) between DNA content (pg) and yield (%) of oils from seven accessions of Psidium cattleyanum.
Chemical composition, in percentage, of the relative area of essential oils from Psidium cattleyanum accessions.
Intraspecific C-value variation and the outcomes in Psidium cattleyanum Sabine essential oil
  • Article
  • Full-text available

September 2022

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42 Reads

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4 Citations

Brazilian Journal of Biology

M. S. Spadeto

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L. C. Vasconcelos

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L. Menini

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[...]

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Polyploidy, a numerical alteration of the karyotype, is one of the most important mechanisms in plant speciation and diversification, but could also be detected among populations, the cytotypes. For example, Psidium cattleyanum, a polyploid complex, has chromosome numbers ranging from 2n=3x=33 to 2n=12x=132. Polyploidization causes an increase in DNA content, and both modifications may cause alteration in plant growth, physiology, and epigenetics. Based on this possibility, here we aim to verify the influence of the polyploidization on the production of P. cattleyanum essential oil chemotypes. Differences in the DNA contents, as a proxy to different ploidies, were observed and three distinct chemotypes were identified through the chromatographic profile analysis. The Psidium cattleyanum DNA content and qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the essential oils presented a positive relationship. Plants with higher DNA contents presented higher levels of oil production, which was mostly composed of hydrogenated sesquiterpenes, while plants with lower DNA contents produced lower amount of oil, which was mostly composed of hydrogenated monoterpenes. Based on the importance of essential oils, polyploid plants, which present higher DNA content, are recommended as possible matrices for the propagation of new plants with the potential to produce major compounds of agronomic and pharmacological interest.

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Figure 1. Effect of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Psidium cattleyanum on the germination percentage of (a) Lactuca sativa and (b) Sorghum bicolor and germination speed index (GSI) of (c) L. sativa and (d) S. bicolor. The small letters above the boxplots indicate significant difference between the treatments by Tukey's test (p < 0.05).
Figure 2. Effect of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Psidium cattleyanum on the root growth of (a) Lactuca sativa and (b) Sorghum bicolor and aerial growth of (c) L. sativa and (d) S. bicolor. The small letters above the boxplots indicate significant difference between the treatments by Tukey's test (p < 0.05).
Figure 3. Percentage of observed alterations in the cell cycle of meristematic cells from the tip of the Lactuca sativa root exposed to (a) ethanolic extract and (b) aqueous extract from Psidium cattleyanum leaves. The small letters above the bars indicate significant differences between the treatments by the Tukey test (p<0.05). MI = mitotic index; CA = chromosomal alterations; NA = nuclear alterations, MNC = micronuclei.
Figure 4. Alterations observed in meristematic cells of Lactuca sativa treated with aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Psidium cattleyanum. Where it is illustrated: (a) micronucleus; (b) condensed nucleus; (c) c-metaphase; (d) adherent; (e) bridge in telophase; (f) anaphase bridge with lost chromosome. Bar = 10µm.
Figure 5. Distribution of observed chromosomal alterations in the cell cycle of meristematic cells from the tip of the Lactuca sativa root exposed to (a) ethanolic extract and (b) aqueous extract of Psidium cattleyanum.
Phytotoxicity and cytogenetic action mechanism of leaf extracts of Psidium cattleyanum Sabine in plant bioassays

June 2022

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84 Reads

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11 Citations

Brazilian Journal of Biology

The search for more environmental friendly herbicides, aiming at the control of agricultural pests, combinated with less harmfulness to human health and the environment has grown. An alternative used by researchers is the application of products of secondary plant metabolism, which are investigated due to their potential bioactivities. Thus, species belonging to the Myrtaceae family are potential in these studies, since this family is recognized for having high biological activity. A species belonging to this genus is Psidium cattleyanum, which has a medicinal effect and its fruits are used in human food. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate and compare the phyto-cyto-genotoxicity of aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of the specie P. cattleyanum, from plant bioassays, as well as to identify the main classes of compounds present in the extracts. For this, the extracts were prepared, characterized and biological tests were carried out by evaluating, in seeds and seedlings of lettuce and sorghum, the variables: percentage of germination, germination speed index, root growth and aerial growth; and in meristematic lettuce cells the variables: mitotic phases, mitotic index, nuclear alterations and chromosomal alterations. Flavones, flavonones, flavonols, flavononols, flavonoids, alkaloids, resins, xanthones and anthraquinone glycoside were characterized in the ethanolic extract. Both evaluated extracts, in the highest concentration, inhibited the initial plant development. All treatments caused alterations in the mitotic phases and inhibited mitotic index. In addition, the treatments promoted an increase in nuclear and chromosomal alterations. The mechanism of action presented was aneugenic, clastogenic and determined in epigenetic alterations. The ethanolic extract was more cytotoxic, since it had a more expressive effect at a lower concentration. Despite the cytotoxicity of the extracts under study, they promoted alterations at lower levels than the glyphosate positive control.


Figure 1 -a-c. Geographic locations of the six studied natural populations of Myrsine umbellata -a. map of Brazil and natural distribution of the Atlantic Forest (Fundação SOS Mata Atlântica 2019); b. state map of Espirito Santo; c. localities of the studied populations[ blue: population 1 (municipality of Dores do Rio Preto, locality Macieira in the Caparaó National Park -20º41'20"S, 41º50'43"W); pink: population 2 (municipality of Ibitirama, locality on rural property -20º32'29"S, 41º40'02"W); dark green: population 3 (municipality of Iúna, locality Serra do Valentim -20º20'45"S, 41º32'09"W ); light green: population 4 (municipality of Castelo, locality Forno Grande State Park -20º36'13"S, 41º11'05"W); yellow: population 5 (municipality of Domingos Martins, locality Pedra Azul State Park -20º21'48"S, 40º39'33"W); orange: population 6 (municipality of Santa Teresa, locality on rural property 19º56'08"S, 40º36'01"W)].
Figure 3 -a-c. Grouping analyses of the six populations of Myrsine umbellata in Structure -a. graph showing K(2), following the criteria proposed by Evanno et al. (2005) to define the correct number of groups, based on the rate of change in Ln(k). The vertical bar along the X-axis represents the sample and along the Y-axis the association coefficient of a sample for a subgroup; b; two-dimensional graphical representation of the genetic distances between the individuals of the sampled populations; c. graphical representation of Bayesian analysis in the software Structure. K = 2 shows two groups: group 1 -green (population 1, population 2, population 3 and population 4); group 2 -red (population 5 and population 6).
Intrapopulation polymorphism for ISSR. N = Number of individuals; N.T.L. = Total number of loci; N.l.M. = Number of monomorphic loci.
Assessing the genetic diversity of Myrsine umbellata (Primulaceae) in Brazilian Atlantic Forest remnants - an important step towards reforestation efforts

January 2021

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48 Reads

Rodriguesia

The investigation of genetic diversity in natural populations of species that show potential for use in reforestation programs is a key step in making management decisions. However, reforestation programs with native species in Brazil are still rarely based on a genetic understanding of the seed matrices used for seedling production. This is also the case for Myrsine umbellata, a dioecious shrub within the family Primulaceae that has been used in reforestation programs in Brazil, mainly due to its high production capacity of fruits attractive to the avifauna. The goal of this study was to measure intra- and interpopulational genetic diversity in natural populations of M. umbellata in six forest remnants of the Atlantic Forest using ISSR markers. The results revealed that the intrapopulational genetic diversity was greater than the genetic diversity among the studied populations. For this reason, the cultivation of seedlings from seeds obtained in more than one population seems the most appropriate strategy for reforestation purposes. Even though the most isolated populations are also the ones with highest genetic structure, all populations of M. umbellata included in this study revealed to be an important germplasm bank conserved in situ.


Fig. 1 Schematic histogram and karyotype of the seven Psidium species. Flow cytometry was executed separately for each species using the internal standard S. lycopersicum (2C = 2.00 pg; Praça-Fontes et al. 2011). G 0 /G 1 nuclei peaks of each Psidium species are represented in the same histogram, as follows: P. cauliflorum (2C = 0.93 pg), P. guajava (2C = 0.95 pg) and P. oblongatum (2C = 0.98 pg) in channel 100; P. guineense (2C = 1.86 pg) in channel 200; P. myrtoides (2C = 3.07 pg) in channel 323; P. cattleyanum (2C = 3.57 pg) in channel 376; and P. longipetiolatum (2C = 5.12 pg)
Fig. 2 Distribution of the seven Psidium species in Brazilian biomes based on data from the literature, herbaria, and the present study. Distribution of the diploid species (2n = 2x = 22 chromosomes): P. cauliflorum (blue circle), P. guajava (black circle), and P. oblongatum (yellow circle). Note that P. cauliflorum and P. oblongatum (yellow circle) only occur in the Atlantic Forest. Tetraploid species (2n = 4x = 44 chromosomes): distribution of P. guineense (black square) was not registered in Pantanal and the Pampas. Hexaploid species (2n = 6x = 66 chromosomes): P. cattleyanum (green triangle)
C: 2n chromosome number (ploidy level), D: mean 2C nuclear DNA content (pg), T: transferability (data from Tuler et al. 2015), H: percentage of heterozygous loci for 32 SSR markers, A: mean of the alleles in seven species of Psidium
Schematic histogram and karyotype of the seven Psidium species. Flow cytometry was executed separately for each species using the internal standard S. lycopersicum (2C = 2.00 pg; Praça-Fontes et al. 2011). G0/G1 nuclei peaks of each Psidium species are represented in the same histogram, as follows: P. cauliflorum (2C = 0.93 pg), P. guajava (2C = 0.95 pg) and P. oblongatum (2C = 0.98 pg) in channel 100; P. guineense (2C = 1.86 pg) in channel 200; P. myrtoides (2C = 3.07 pg) in channel 323; P. cattleyanum (2C = 3.57 pg) in channel 376; and P. longipetiolatum (2C = 5.12 pg) in channel 539. Following the lines from each G0/G1 peak, the karyotype of each species is shown: aP. cauliflorum, bP. guajava and cP. oblongatum with 2n = 2x = 22 chromosomes; dP. guineense with 2n = 4x = 44 chromosomes; eP. myrtoides and fP. cattleyanum with 2n = 6x = 66 chromosomes; and gP. longipetiolatum with 2n = 8x = 88 chromosomes. Note the euploid series in these Psidium species based on x = 11, the similar nuclear genome size of the diploid species, and the clear nuclear DNA content difference between hexaploid species. Bars = 5 µm
Distribution of the seven Psidium species in Brazilian biomes based on data from the literature, herbaria, and the present study. Distribution of the diploid species (2n = 2x = 22 chromosomes): P. cauliflorum (blue circle), P. guajava (black circle), and P. oblongatum (yellow circle). Note that P. cauliflorum and P. oblongatum (yellow circle) only occur in the Atlantic Forest. Tetraploid species (2n = 4x = 44 chromosomes): distribution of P. guineense (black square) was not registered in Pantanal and the Pampas. Hexaploid species (2n = 6x = 66 chromosomes): P. cattleyanum (green triangle) and P. myrtoides (red triangle) occur in the Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, Caatinga, and the Pampas. Octoploid species (2n = 8x = 88 chromosomes): P. longipetiolatum (blue hexagon) is found distributed in the Atlantic Forest from Minas Gerais to Rio Grande do Sul. The coordinates used to define the species’ geographical distribution were obtained with the application Google Earth, using the locations indicated on the labels of the herbarium specimens. The map of geographical distribution was made using the program DIVA GIS 5.4
Diversification and geographical distribution of Psidium (Myrtaceae) species with distinct ploidy levels

August 2019

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822 Reads

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21 Citations

Trees

Key message Polyploidy (diploid to octoploid) was evidenced from seven Psidium species, besides the outcomes of the whole-genome duplication about the nuclear DNA content, DNA sequence, and distribution. Abstract The previous studies have reported the occurrence of polyploid species in Psidium, all deriving from the basic chromosome number x = 11, which is conserved in Myrtaceae. Here, we aimed to assess the ploidy levels of seven Psidium species and to investigate the genomic outcomes of this karyotype change. Data on chromosome number, ploidy level, nuclear DNA content, and DNA sequence (SSR markers) were sought, quantified, and compared to geographical distribution of the studied Psidium species. A euploid series based on x = 11 was evidenced, with diploid, tetraploid, hexaploid, and octoploid species. These species also differed regarding at least one of the other analyzed traits, especially the hexaploids and the octoploid in relation to the others. Diploid species show restricted geographical distribution in the Atlantic Forest, differently from the polyploid species, which occur in several biomes in Brazil. Ploidy level of the Psidium species is related with the nuclear genome size and both seems to be related with species’ geographical distribution. Besides polyploidy, the genetic changes associated with numerical chromosome shift shown in this study, which increases the knowledge about the diversification and distribution of Psidium species.


Primeiras descrições cariotípicas para Myrsine (Primulaceae): comparando três espécies

February 2018

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6 Reads

Semina Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde

Estudos citogenéticos para o gênero dioico Myrsine, assim como para outros táxons da família Primulaceae, apresentaram apenas o número cromossômico. Uma caracterização morfométrica minuciosa gera subsídios para a compreensão da sistemática e evolução das espécies. Dessa forma, padronizações meticulosas nos procedimentos citogenéticos, combinados com os avanços em microscopia e sistemas de análise de imagens, fornecem uma caracterização acurada de um cariótipo. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar o número cromossômico e caracterizar o cariótipo deMyrsine coriacea (Sw.) R. Br. ex Roem. & Schult, Myrsine umbellata Mart. e Myrsine parvifolia DC.. Cromossomos metafásicos individualizados, achatados na lâmina, com constrições primárias e secundária bem definidas e livres de danos na cromatina e vestígios citoplasmáticos são fundamentais para uma caracterização acurada do cariotópico. Tais aspectos foram encontrados em metáfases obtidas de meristemas radiculares de plântulas cultivadas in vitro e tratados com 5 µM de amiprofos-metil (APM) durante 12 h a 4ºC e macerados em pool enzimático (celulase 4 %, macerozime 1% e hemicelulase 0,4%) por 1 h 30 min a 34ºC. Em lâminas preparadas por dissociação celular e secagem ao ar, foram observadas células com 2n = 45 cromossomos em 8,45% dos indivíduos de M. coriacea e 12,6% de M. parvifolia, e 2n = 46 cromossomos para a maioria dos indivíduos das três espécies. A análise morfométrica evidenciou 5 pares de cromossomos metacêntricos, 17 submetacêntricos e 1 acrocêntrico para M. coriacea; 9 metacêntricos e 14 submetacêntricos para M. umbellata; e 3 metacêntricos e 20 submetacêntricos para M. parvifolia. Os dados obtidos representam os primeiros cariogramas montados para o gênero Myrsine, os quais apresentaram pares de cromossomos morfologicamente idênticos e distintos, assim como classes cromossômicas variadas. Os dados obtidos sugerem que alterações cromossômicas estruturais ocorreram durante a evolução cariotípica de Myrsine. O número cromossômico ímpar 2n = 45 foi marcado pela ausência do par homólogo do cromossomo 23. Assim, outras abordagens citogenéticas devem ser separadamente realizadas em indivíduos masculinos e femininos de Myrsine para conhecer a causa desta aneuploidia. Os dados obtidos representam a base para a compreensão da evolução do cariótipo em Myrsine.


A tetraploidia de Passiflora misera Kunth. In Humb

February 2018

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3 Reads

Semina Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde

Passiflora é o principal gênero da família Passifloraceae, compreendendo cerca de 525 espécies, distribuídas em quatro subgêneros, Deidamioides, Astrophea, Passiflora e Decaloba. Neste último subgênero, estudos citogenéticos tem mostrado a ocorrência de espécies com número cromossômico de 2n = 12. Nesse sentido, abordagens citogenéticas vêm sendo aplicadas para investigação da ploidia, possibilitando esclarecer os mecanismos de diversificação e a distribuição espacial, além de elucidar a origem poliploide das espécies de Passiflora. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar cromossomos de Passiflora misera (Decaloba), ampliando os dados sobre sua origem e evolução do cariótipo. Raízes de P. misera foram excisadas de plantas cultivadas em hidroponia e tratadas com 3 µM de amiprofosmetil (APM) a 4ºC durante 16 h. Após lavagem e fixação as raízes foram maceradas em solução de pectinase, 1:75 de enzima:água destilada, a 34ºC por 2 h. As lâminas foram preparadas pela técnica de dissociação celular e secagem ao ar. Como resultado, as preparações citogenéticas apresentaram metáfases sem vestígios de citoplasma e com cromossomos sem deformação da cromatina. Diferentemente das demais espécies do subgênero Decaloba que apresentam número cromossômico de 2n = 2x = 12 cromossomos, o número cromossômico de P. misera foi determinado em 2n = 4x = 24. Variações na classificação cromossômica geralmente estão associadas às diferentes metodologias empregadas na preparação das lâminas e, ou, análise citogenética. Como o número básico de cromossomos de Passiflora é x = 6, a poliploidização foi um evento que resultou na mudança cariotípica no ancestral de P. misera sendo necessário ampliar os estudos relacionados à espécie. Além da relevância para estudos evolutivos no gênero, esses dados representam a base para o delineamento de estratégias de cruzamento em programas de melhoramento do maracujazeiro.


The Cornerstone for in Vitro Propagation and Ploidy Stability of Myrsine (Primulaceae) Species

September 2017

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65 Reads

CYTOLOGIA

Myrsine coriacea is a Primulaceae species considered ecologically important for colonizing degraded areas and providing fruits for birds. This species has been gaining attention at present due to possessing pharmacological compounds explored in cancer treatment. This study aimed to establish the first procedure for in vitro propagation of M. coriacea through seed germination and somatic embryogenesis. A high frequency of germination (100%) was observed from mature seeds pre-treated with hydrochloric acid and inoculated into medium supplemented with gibberellic acid. Plantlets were generated after 41 days from these seeds, a time relatively short in comparison to ex vitro methods used for propagation of this species. Besides the direct system starting with seed germination, the recovery of M. coriacea was established from indirect somatic embryogenesis using immature zygotic embryos. From these explants, friable calli were formed on medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine, and somatic embryos were regenerated and plantlets recovered after 115 days. This result evidenced that the immature zygotic embryos of M. coriacea possess levels of endogenous phytohormones, mainly auxins, which are sufficient to trigger the embryogenic system. All M. coriacea plantlets showed the same nuclear 2C value and chromosome number in relation to explant donors. Thus, no karyotype change occurred during propagation in the in vitro system standardized. The first reliable and relatively rapid procedures provided morphologically normal seedlings of M. coriacea, providing the basis for other tissue culture applications. Furthermore, the plantlets regenerated can be used in reforestation and conservation programs, and for production of pharmacological compounds.


First images of the Myrsine chromosomes. Karyotype of a M. parvifolia individual with 2n = 45 (a) and another with 2n = 46 (b) chromosomes. Note the different levels of chromatin compaction between the chromosomes of the two karyotypes. The distinct chromatin compact level was highlighted in (c), where the same submetacentric chromosome of M. parvifolia (above) and the same acrocentric chromosome of M. coriacea (below) were taken from two different prometaphases (I and II) and one metaphase (III). Bar = 5 µm.
Myrsine karyograms displaying 2n = 45 (aM. parvifolia and bM. coriacea) or 2n = 46 chromosomes (a–c the three species). In all M. parvifolia (a) and M. coriacea (b) individuals with 2n = 45, the odd chromosome number was well-marked by absence of the homologue pair of the chromosome 23. Metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes prevailing in the karyograms of the three species, with only one acrocentric chromosome was identified in M. coriacea (b chromosome 22). Although showing approximately 2C = 1.50 pg less DNA, M. parvifolia (a) displayed the same chromosome number in relation to the other species (bM. coriaceacM. umbellata). For all species, morphometric analyses showed identical, similar and distinct chromosome pairs with regard to morphometry and class. The similarity of some chromosomes was highlighted from the metacentric chromosome pairs 4 and 5 (d above) and submetacentric 15 and 16 (d below) of M. coriacea. In contrast, other chromosomes showed singular morphology, as the chromosome 1 and 2 of all species, the 22 of M. coriacea, which is the single acrocentric chromosome, and the chromosome 23. Bar = 5 µm.
a–c Multivariate clustering generated from chromosome morphometric data (total, long and short arms length). Mojena’s criteria showed three clusters for M. parvifolia (a), M. coriacea (b) and M. umbellata (c) with cut point between 1.5 to 1.8. This analysis confirmed the morphological discrepancy of the chromosome 1, and the similarity of other chromosomes (d) Graphic provided by comparison between mean relative size (% size in relation to sum of the mean values of total length, Table 1) of each chromosome of M. coriacea and M. umbellata. The chromosomes 1, 2, 6, 7, 11, 14, 19 and 23 (*) between the species are statistically different in relation to mean relative size according to Scott Knott test at 5% of probability.
Morphometry and chromosome class performed at least 10 prometaphases/metaphases. In all species were found chromosomes morphologically indentical,
First karyotype description and nuclear 2C value for Myrsine (Primulaceae): Comparing three species

March 2017

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302 Reads

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3 Citations

Cytogenetic studies in Primulaceae are mostly available for herbaceous species, and are focused on the chromosome number determination. An accurate karyotype characterization represents a starting point to know the morphometry and class of the chromosomes. Comparison among species within Myrsine, associating these data with the nuclear 2C value, can show changes that led the karyotype evolution. Here, we studied three Myrsine species [Myrsine coriacea (Swartz, 1788) Brown ex Roemer et Schultes, 1819, Myrs-ine umbellata Martius, 1841 and Myrsine parvifolia Candolle, 1841] that show different abilities to occupy the varied types of vegetation within the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Cytogenetic characterization showed some individuals with 2n = 45 chromosomes for M. parvifolia and M. coriacea, with most individuals of the three species having 2n = 46. The first karyograms for Myrsine were assembled and presented morphologically identical and distinct chromosome pairs. In addition, differences in the mean 2C nuclear value and chromosome morphometry were found. Therefore, the first description of the Myrsine karyotype has been presented, as well as the nuclear 2C value. The procedures can be applied to other Myrsine species for future investigations in order to better understand its effects on the differential spatial occupation abilities shown by the species in Brazilian Atlantic Forest.


Figure 1. First images of the Myrsine chromosomes. Karyotype of a M. parvifolia individual with 2n = 45 (a) and another with 2n = 46 (b) chromosomes. Note the different levels of chromatin compaction between the chromosomes of the two karyotypes. The distinct chromatin compact level was highlighted in (c), where the same submetacentric chromosome of M. parvifolia (above) and the same acrocentric chromosome of M. coriacea (below) were taken from two different prometaphases (I and II) and one metaphase (III). Bar = 5 µm. 
Figure 2. Myrsine karyograms displaying 2n = 45 (a M. parvifolia and b M. coriacea) or 2n = 46 chromosomes (a-c the three species). In all M. parvifolia (a) and M. coriacea (b) individuals with 2n = 45, the odd chromosome number was well-marked by absence of the homologue pair of the chromosome 23. Metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes prevailing in the karyograms of the three species, with only one acrocentric chromosome was identified in M. coriacea (b chromosome 22). Although showing approximately 2C = 1.50 pg less DNA, M. parvifolia (a) displayed the same chromosome number in relation to the other species (b M. coriacea c M. umbellata). For all species, morphometric analyses showed identical, similar and distinct chromosome pairs with regard to morphometry and class. The similarity of some chromosomes was highlighted from the metacentric chromosome pairs 4 and 5 (d above) and submetacentric 15 and 16 (d below) of M. coriacea. In contrast, other chromosomes showed singular morphology, as the chromosome 1 and 2 of all species, the 22 of M. coriacea, which is the single acrocentric chromosome, and the chromosome 23. Bar = 5 µm.
Figure 3. a-c Multivariate clustering generated from chromosome morphometric data (total, long and short arms length). Mojena's criteria showed three clusters for M. parvifolia (a), M. coriacea (b) and M. umbellata (c) with cut point between 1.5 to 1.8. This analysis confirmed the morphological discrepancy of the chromosome 1, and the similarity of other chromosomes (d) Graphic provided by comparison between mean relative size (% size in relation to sum of the mean values of total length, Table 1) of each chromosome of M. coriacea and M. umbellata. The chromosomes 1, 2, 6, 7, 11, 14, 19 and 23 (*) between the species are statistically different in relation to mean relative size according to Scott Knott test at 5% of probability. 
Morphometry and chromosome class performed at least 10 prometaphases/metaphases. In all species were found chromosomes morphologically indentical,
First karyotype description and nuclear 2C value for Myrsine (Primulaceae): comparing three species

March 2017

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177 Reads

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1 Citation

Comparative Cytogenetics

Cytogenetic studies in Primulaceae are mostly available for herbaceous species, and are focused on the chromosome number determination. An accurate karyotype characterization represents a starting point to know the morphometry and class of the chromosomes. Comparison among species within Myrsine, associating these data with the nuclear 2C value, can show changes that led the karyotype evolution. Here, we studied three Myrsine species [Myrsinecoriacea (Swartz, 1788) Brown ex Roemer et Schultes, 1819, Myrsineumbellata Martius, 1841 and Myrsineparvifolia Candolle, 1841] that show different abilities to occupy the varied types of vegetation within the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Cytogenetic characterization showed some individuals with 2n = 45 chromosomes for Myrsineparvifolia and Myrsinecoriacea, with most individuals of the three species having 2n = 46. The first karyograms for Myrsine were assembled and presented morphologically identical and distinct chromosome pairs. In addition, differences in the mean 2C nuclear value and chromosome morphometry were found. Therefore, the first description of the Myrsine karyotype has been presented, as well as the nuclear 2C value. The procedures can be applied to other Myrsine species for future investigations in order to better understand its effects on the differential spatial occupation abilities shown by the species in Brazilian Atlantic Forest.

Citations (5)


... having up to 100 genes) 26,39 and occurrence of lineage-specific pathways and products. Although the essential oil of Psidium species exhibits a great diversity in its chemotypes conditioned to environmental and genetic variations 24,27,40,41 , the evolution of TPS genes in Myrtaceae neotropical fresh fruits remain unknown. The increase of the values of 2C nuclear, CG% and 5-mC% was related to the decrease in (E)-Nerolidol and β-Bisabolol. ...

Reference:

Genomic and epigenomic variation in Psidium species and their outcome under the yield and composition of essential oils
Intraspecific C-value variation and the outcomes in Psidium cattleyanum Sabine essential oil

Brazilian Journal of Biology

... The higher sensitivity of roots is widely reported in the literature (Nakamura et al., 2021;Ogunsanya et al., 2022;Pinto et al., 2023). According to Alves et al. (2022), this is due to the direct contact of the roots with the extracts, exposing them to high concentrations of phytochemical compounds. ...

Phytotoxicity and cytogenetic action mechanism of leaf extracts of Psidium cattleyanum Sabine in plant bioassays

Brazilian Journal of Biology

... The genus Psidium belongs to the Myrtaceae family and is distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics of the Americas and Australia, including Brazil (Fernandes et al., 2021). This genus is recognized for its species producing essential oils (EOs), such as Psidium myrtoides O. Berg (MYR), endemic and native to the Atlantic Forest (Tuler et al., 2019). In recent years, the number of studies on the EO of MYR has increased due to its promising biological activities. ...

Diversification and geographical distribution of Psidium (Myrtaceae) species with distinct ploidy levels

Trees

... Karyotype analyses are proven to be useful tools for detailed genome characterization, providing relevant information such as chromosomal rearrangements, allopolyploid origin, and phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships of many plant groups (Berjano et al. 2009;Guerra 2012;Kolano et al. 2013;Souza et al. 2015;Carvalho et al. 2017). However, especially due to their long-life cycle and unpredictable flowering in woody bamboos, karyotype evolution is a complex and neglected subject, relying basically on chromosome counts (Nirmala et al. 2014). ...

First karyotype description and nuclear 2C value for Myrsine (Primulaceae): comparing three species

Comparative Cytogenetics

... The chromosome number and ploidy level are known only for a single Hawaiian Myrsine species (M. sandwicensis; 2n = 46; Kiehn, 2005), and the numbers are congruent with the few known numbers in Myrsine species from the Neotropics (Carvalho et al., 2017) and New Zealand (Dawson, 1995). Myrsine mezii stands out as the only species that is neither identified as hybrid nor as parent using the 50:50 γ-range. ...

First karyotype description and nuclear 2C value for Myrsine (Primulaceae): Comparing three species