Michael K Boit's research while affiliated with Kenyatta University and other places

... Therefore, the true ratio of undiagnosed MAFLD might have been underestimated. Even accounting for disparities in diagnostic approaches, our results document a substantial increase in the prevalence of MAFLD or NAFLD, which is contradictory to the higher prevalence of MAFLD among urban than among rural residents that has been reported in other countries throughout the world [5,16,17]. ...

... p = 0.035). In another study, which was multi-ethnicity research conducted in Kenya [20] (n = 1084), PAEE was inversely correlated with cardiovascular risk and central adiposity. Adults with CP have been reported to have a higher prevalence of all chronic diseases, such as diabetes, asthma, hypertension, heart disease, and stroke, than adults without CP [21]. ...

... This observation was attributed to several factors, including diet-related changes in the composition of the gut microbiota, which in turn may influence the development of MAFLD. Male adults from Ghana and Kenya present a lower prevalence of an increased FLI and higher prevalence of T2DM than females [37,38]. The explanation for the observed sex-specific relationships between the FLI-as a proxy marker of NAFLD-and T2DM may lay in the FLI components. ...

... Going back to my conception of the link between festivalization as quasi-linguistic structure and capitalism as a deep structure at the start of the chapter, festivalization of capitalism and its furthering by powerful elected and non-elected elites explains an important foundation of 'the epochal shift from a semantic of allocational struggles to valorization struggles' (Berthold Vogel in Soziopolis, 2017. The relationship between allocation and valorization can be demonstrated with what Rojek calls a 'gesturing economy' (see Chapter 11) and 'philanthropic hero' productions (see also Wilson et al., 2015). The matter's depth and the inclusion of middle classes into this phenomenon can be illustrated perhaps more succinctly with one of the many occurrences in the world of philanthropic giving-a story picked from the Internet news on professional sports, an entertainment industry in today's experience economy: ...

... Traditionally, Kalenjin people subsist on some combination of small-scale farming and pastoralism, and many people are habitually barefoot. The Kalenjin famously include many of the world's top competitive middle-and long-distance runners (Pitsiladis et al. 2004;Onywera et al. 2006). Running has long been part of Kalenjin culture, owing to the need to run to carry out cattle raids, which is an important custom among some pastoralist groups in East Africa that typically requires running long distances, sometimes well beyond the distance of a marathon (Bale & Sang, 1996;Christensen & Damkjaer, 2010). ...

... e reason for higher Hgb in AG than AAA may be due to AG were more sweaters than others since living and training at a high altitude (3100 m) may induce perspiration and urination more than AAA. e mean Hgb of male athlete runners was higher than other male professional Ethiopian runners, elite male Kenyan distance runners, Eritrean endurance runners, and Southern Ethiopian soccer players [41,45,47,49,[51][52][53]. e observed difference can be ascribed to differences in the rate of sweating, altitude (3100 m above SL), level of athletes, and plasma volume expansion. ...

... Most of Kenya's world-class athletes were born, raised and continue to train in high altitude areas of mainly the Rift Valley province [1]. Several studies have been conducted in an effort to explain and better understand the factors behind the success of elite Kenyan distance runners [2][3][4][5]. A number of explanations have been put forward as being partly responsible for the Kenyan athletics phenomenon, including genetic predisposition, physiological advantage, nutrition and socio-environmental factors. ...

... En las primeras investigaciones, la relación entre el genotipo funcional del ACTN3 (RX y especialmente RR) y el rendimiento en deportes de potencia y velocidad parecía estar clara (Yang et al., 2003). Sin embargo, hoy en día existe cierta controversia (McCauley, Mastana, Hossack, Macdonald y Folland, 2009;McCauley, Mastana y Folland, 2010;Rodríguez-Romo et al., 2010;Hanson, Ludlow, Sheaff, Park y Roth, 2010;Massida et al., 2012), que es aún mayor cuando tratamos de asociar dicho genotipo a deportes de resistencia (Yang et al., 2005;Saunders et al., 2007;MacArthur et al., 2007;Ma et al., 2013). Otro aspecto a tener en cuenta es el perfil de la muestra utilizada en los estudios mencionados, siendo de máximo nivel competitivo (mundialistas u olímpicos) en aquellos que obtuvieron una correlación positiva con el rendimiento (Yang et al., 2003;Scott et al., 2010). ...

... For example, a study in rural Kenya found 32% higher insulin resistance among Maasai compared with the Luo and 17% higher compared with the Kamba. 3 African populations are exposed to a wide range of environmental exposures and lifestyle factors that can affect insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function. Lifestyle factors such as dietary intake, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and smoking differ greatly between population groups within Africa and between Africans in Africa and African migrants in Europe and the USA. ...

... In addition to high rates of elevated BMI, the study also established a high prevalence of central obesity as indicated by abnormal waist circumference [35%]. This has significance as abdominal obesity is believed to have the highest impact on metabolic profile amongst Africans [37]. These findings indicate the need to screen for obesity, and the need to put interventions in place to lower these rates in order to promote cardiovascular health in LMIC settings. ...