Michael Grimm's research while affiliated with Universität Passau and other places
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Publications (21)
As in many high‐income countries, there is increasing awareness towards organic farming in many low‐ and middle‐income countries. Sustained local demand is an essential requirement for further adoption of organic farming by smallholders, who typically have only limited access to export markets. Until now, only few studies have explored the local wi...
Vision impairment is the most common disability worldwide and it is untreated in large parts of the developing world. We assess the willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) for eyeglasses among adults in a resource‐poor rural setting. We elicit the WTP using the Becker‐DeGroot‐Marschak (BDM) method. We combine this approach with a layaway scheme and a video interv...
There is a large, rather macroeconomic, literature that shows that political instability and social conflict are associated with poor economic outcomes including lower investment and reduced economic growth. However, there is only very little research on the impact of instability on households’ behavior, in particular their saving and investment de...
While there is a global consensus that agricultural systems need to be transformed to be more sustainable, possible pathways and challenges to this process are still debated. We analyse the challenges and opportunities involved in transforming smallholder farming to organic agriculture in Indonesia, where the intense application of Green Revolution...
Households in rural areas depend on informal transfers to meet subsistence needs and cope with shocks. Yet, to provide monetary support, formal safety nets are increasingly being introduced in developing countries. However, it remains unclear whether such social-protection policies will have the desired redistributive welfare effects. This article...
In many regions of the world, significant parts of society are persistently unsupportive of female empowerment. The role of women is often still defined by social norms, rather than legal rights, hampering economic development. Women’s empowerment has therefore become a top priority on development agendas, also testified by an increasing number of...
Increasing weather volatility manifesting itself through extreme rainfall and drought poses a significant threat to the livelihood of rural households in poor countries. Although it is documented how rainfall shocks affect agricultural activities, there is not much evidence on the indirect effects on the rest of the rural economy. Merging household...
Most evidence on survey response effects is based in the Western world. We use data from two randomized experiments built into a nation-wide representative household survey in Tunisia to analyze the effects of framing and priming on responses to gender attitudes in the Arab context. Our first experiment shows that questions on attitudes towards dec...
I analyze whether variation in rainfall risk played a role in the demographic transition. The hypothesis is that children constituted a buffer stock of labor that could be mobilized in response to income shocks. Identification relies on fertility differences between farm and non-farm households within counties and over time. The results suggest tha...
This paper maps the health care burden of households in rural Burkina Faso. More specifically we investigate the financial burden of health shocks and the manner in which households respond. Our data allows us to differentiate the burden of chronic illness and handicap, more frequent and recurring illnesses and episodes of severe illness, accident...
Tunisia is among the few Arab countries that have recently made significant changes in their constitutional, legislative and policy framework, to facilitate and promote gender equality and eliminate gender-based discrimination. Yet, encouraging as this may seem, there is a substantial discrepancy between what law is and what is practised, both in p...
Citations
... Again, although some studies have shown that political instability or aggregate shocks such as financial crises affect household behavior (Deininger, 2003;McKenzie, 2003;González and Lopez, 2019;León 2012;Giesing and Musić, 2017), little evidence exists on how households change their behavior in response to political violence and perceived weaknesses in institutional quality as well as to a threat of political and social unrest. A recent paper by Büttner et al. (2021) shows that actual events that cause instability have negative effects on household financial savings, the accumulation of durables, investment in house improvements, and investment in education and health in Burkina Faso. ...
... On the other hand, the increase of AFE in neighboring provinces improves agricultural production conditions. Due to the "demonstration effect" of the provincial governments in the surrounding area 34 , agricultural producers in the region perceive that they will also receive financial support in the future. Therefore, with the improvement of agricultural production enthusiasm, agricultural producers rely on output guidance to expand profits and increase production, thus further reducing AGTFP in the local area. ...
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... WP3 'Adoption' primarily employed field experiments and structured surveys to derive causal evidence with respect to the research questions. Specifically, we used a randomised experiment to identify the effect of a three-day organic farming training course on farmers' uptake of organic inputs as well as on their knowledge and perception of organic farming (for details, see [69]). The experiment was conducted in both Tasikmalaya and Yogyakarta and encompassed a total of 60 randomly sampled villages, 30 from each research site. ...
... Among the poorest, the reduction in whether or not they received transfers of cash from other households endures through 2.75 years as it did for the overall sample, although the point estimate after 2.75 years is about half its size at 1.75 years. While the finding that the poorest experienced the greatest crowding out is surprising, it is also consistent with evidence from Burkina Faso, where private transfers were most sensitive to income gains (not necessarily from CCTs) among the poorest of the poor (Grimm et al. 2021). ...
... (2) (3) output caused by rainfall shocks, which disrupt relative income by changing the relative price of food and income-earning activities, especially considering that non-farming households often supply labour to farming households (Grabrucker & Grimm, 2021). We provide evidence consistent with the hypothesis that a positive association between income and positive rainfall shocks leads to better nutritional intake among pregnant women that, in turn, results in better cognitive development among their children but only up to the age of 8. ...
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... In a marketing context, the self was shown to be partly stable and partly malleable, and brands can benefit from a thorough understanding of how consumer attitudes can be influenced [23]. In a study investigating the malleability of implicit gender attitudes, the authors found that their experimental intervention (i.e., a randomized video priming treatment) had only limited effects among a specific subpopulation in Tunisia [24]. In another research project examining the malleability of ageist attitudes, the authors found that exposure to pictures of either admired or disliked young and old individuals impacted the study participants' attitudes [25]. ...
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... Faced with the combination of a tight labor market and unfavorable social and cultural norms [70] or the requirement for mobility through internal or external migration to gain access to employment [71], the empowerment of women remains a major issue in Tunisia. This is particularly the case in rural areas, where a study has highlighted the low level of empowerment of Tunisian women in comparison with levels of empowerment of women in Bangladesh, Guatemala and Uganda, despite Tunisia having a higher overall level of economic and human development [72]. Nevertheless, initiatives are undertaken within the framework of the Tunisian Strategic Plan for Nutrition (2018-2022) with interventions supported by the World Food Programme for women living in rural areas aiming to empower them by producing healthy and nutritious food for local markets [73]. ...
... In addition, the impact of climate change is spatially heterogeneous and has become a key research area of EG. Existing studies have paid attention to the effects of climate change on population migration, rural-urban structural change ( Castells-Quintana et al., 2021 ), fertility ( Grimm, 2021 ), and economic costs of disasters , and business development ( Indaco et al., 2021 ). To quantify the spatial heterogeneity of the effects of climate change, factors such as population, per capita gross domestic product (GDP), mixed industrial emissions, emissions from commodity trade and investment as well as migration issues need to be considered to mitigate or amplify the effects of climate change ( Conte et al., 2021 ). ...
... In essence, framing theory proposes a method for students to digest information (referred to as "frames") in order to affect their decisions (Hancock et al., 2022); (Stroe, Sirén, Parida, & Wincent, 2022). A frame is a concept that helps to arrange the structure of a message's meaning (Reitmann, Goedhuys, Grimm, & Nillesen, 2020); (Majer, Zhang, Zhang, Höhne, & Trötschel, 2022) (Masiliūnas & Nax, 2020; (Smedslund, 2021). ...
... Expenditure was higher for those receiving care in private facilities compared to in public ones, and medication was the most expensive component of expenditure. For Burkina Faso in 2013/14 and 2016, out-of-pocket costs related to serious injury and illness were estimated at 137.3 Euro per illness case per household [7]. For Ethiopia in 2016, the median of the sum of direct medical, non-medical and indirect costs in the referral hospital in the city of Gondar plus costs of treatment before the hospital visit were estimated at 22.25 USD per patient coming to the outpatient pharmacy [8]. ...
