Michael Gaihede’s research while affiliated with Aalborg University Hospital and other places

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Publications (86)


Figure 1. Illustration of the profile-based HA-fitting strategy. (Left): Summary of the auditory profiling results. In a two-dimensional space with speech intelligibility (SI)-related deficits on the y-axis and loudness perception (LP)-related deficits on the x-axis, listeners differing in the degree of these two types of deficits are placed at different positions along the two dimensions. (Right): Hearing aid settings (HAS) for the different profiles, which are intended to compensate for the specific auditory deficits. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement as a solution for SI deficits and loudness normalization as a solution for LP deficits [12].
Figure 3. Boxplots of the IOI-HA scores for profiles (A,B) and the two fitting strategies (BEAR and reference). Profile (A): BEAR (N = 13), reference (N = 14). Profile (B): BEAR (N = 28), reference (N = 28). Asterisks represent statistically significant differences (p < 0.05).
Figure 4. Boxplots of SSQ12-B scores for profiles (A,B) and the reference and BEAR fittings. Profile (A): BEAR (N = 12), reference (N = 9). Profile (B): BEAR (N = 21), reference (N = 19). Asterisks represent statistically significant differences (p < 0.05).
Distribution of IOI-HA and SSQ12-B respondents according to profile and fitting strategy.
Participant demographics.
Auditory Profile-Based Hearing Aid Fitting: Self-Reported Benefit for First-Time Hearing Aid Users
  • Article
  • Full-text available

February 2024

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80 Reads

Audiology Research

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Background: Although hearing aids (HAs) can compensate for reduced audibility, functional outcomes and benefits vary widely across individuals. As part of the Danish ‘Better hEAring Rehabilitation’ (BEAR) project, four distinct auditory profiles differing in terms of audiometric thresholds and supra-threshold hearing abilities were recently identified. Additionally, profile-specific HA-fitting strategies were proposed. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the self-reported benefit of these profile-based HA fittings in a group of new HA users. Methods: A total of 205 hearing-impaired older adults were recruited from two Danish university hospitals. Participants were randomly allocated to one of two treatment groups: (1) NAL-NL2 gain prescription combined with default advanced feature settings (‘reference fitting’) or (2) auditory profile-based fitting with tailored gain prescription and advanced feature settings (‘BEAR fitting’). Two months after treatment, the participants completed the benefit version of the short form of the Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ12-B) and the International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA) questionnaire. Results: Overall, participants reported a clear benefit from HA treatment. However, no significant differences in the SSQ12-B or IOI-HA scores between the reference and BEAR fittings were found. Conclusion: First-time users experience clear benefits from HA treatment. Auditory profile-based HA fitting warrants further investigation.

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Difference in SII provided by initial fit and NAL-NL2 and its relation to self-reported hearing aid outcomes

December 2023

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47 Reads

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1 Citation

Objective: The speech intelligibility index (SII) is used to quantify the audibility of the speech. This study examined the relationship between self-reported hearing aid (HA) outcomes and the difference in aided SII (SIIA) calculated from the initial fit (IF) gain and that prescribed as per the second generation of National Acoustic Laboratory Non-Linear (NAL-NL2). Design: A prospective observational study. Study sample: The study included 718 first-time and 253 experienced HA users. All users had a valid real-ear measurement (REM) at three input levels (55, 65 and 80 dB SPL). Results: The gain provided by IF was lower than NAL-NL2 at 55 and 65 dB SPL. IF gain exhibited reduced compression than NAL-NL2 as input levels increased from 55 to 80 dB SPL. On average, the SIIA provided by IF was significantly lower than that for NAL-NL2 at all input levels. The difference in SIIA between IF and NAL-NL2 at 80 dB SPL input level with 0 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) turned out to be a predictor for self-reported outcome for first-time HA users. Conclusion: The study suggests that an SIIA close to that provided by NAL-NL2 at high input levels would be preferred to obtain a better self-reported outcome. .


A history of occupational noise exposure is associated with steep-slope audiograms and poorer self-reported hearing-aid outcomes

November 2023

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31 Reads

Objective: To investigate the effects of previous occupational noise exposure in older adults with hearing loss on (1) audiometric configuration and acoustic reflex (AR) thresholds and (2) self-reported hearing abilities and hearing aid (HA) effectiveness. Design: A prospective observational study. Study sample: The study included 1176 adults (≥60 years) with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Pure-tone audiometry, AR thresholds, and responses to the abbreviated version of the Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ12) and the International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA) questionnaire were obtained, along with information about previous occupational noise exposure. Results: Greater occupational noise exposure was associated with a higher prevalence of steeply sloping audiograms in men and women and a 0.32 (95% CI: -0.57; -0.06) scale points lower mean SSQ12 total score among noise-exposed men. AR thresholds did not show a significant relation to noise-exposure status, but hearing thresholds at a given frequency were related to elevated AR thresholds at the same frequency. Conclusions: A noise exposure history is linked to steeper audiograms in older adults with hearing loss as well as to poorer self-reported hearing abilities in noise-exposed men. More attention to older adults with previous noise exposure is warranted in hearing rehabilitation.



Prevalence of various reasons for adjusting the hearing aid (HA) within 2 months, at 2-month follow-up, and after that until more than a year of rehabilitation in first-time HA users.
Prevalence of various reasons for adjusting the hearing aid (HA) within 2 months, at 2-month follow-up, and after that until more than a year of rehabilitation in experienced HA users.
Adapting to New Hearing Aids and Hearing Aid Adjustments in Adult Danish Users

July 2023

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54 Reads

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1 Citation

Purpose This study was aimed at understanding the effect of time taken to adapt to the new hearing aids (HAs) and the timeline of HA adjustments performed over more than a year of rehabilitation on self-reported HA outcomes. Method A self-report of the time it took to get accustomed to the new HAs and adjustment of the HAs during a year of rehabilitation collected from 690 HA users using a nonstandardized questionnaire were analyzed. The abbreviated version of the Speech, Spatial, and Quality of Hearing questionnaire and the International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids were used as the self-reported HA outcome. Result Out of 690 participants, 442 (64%) got accustomed to HAs within 2 months. Ninety-one participants (13%) did not get accustomed to the HAs at all, out of which 74 (81%) were first-time HA users. Eighty-four participants (12%) did not receive any HA adjustments after their initial fitting, and 49 (7%) had their HAs adjusted four or more times during the 1 year of rehabilitation. Three hundred ninety (57%) participants got their HA adjusted only at the 2-month follow-up visit, showing the intent to adjust given an opportunity. The stepwise multiple linear regression results showed the significant impact of getting accustomed to the HA and having HA adjusted at multiple instances on the self-reported HA outcomes. Conclusion This study showed the importance of getting accustomed to the HA and having a minimal number of adjustments to have a better long-term self-reported HA outcome.


The effect of hearing aid treatment on health-related quality of life in older adults with hearing loss

June 2023

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41 Reads

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3 Citations

Objective: To investigate the effect of hearing aid (HA) intervention on long-term health-related quality of life (HRQoL) changes in first-time and experienced HA users using the 15D questionnaire. Secondly, the study explored the relationship between clinical parameters and changes in 15D scores. Design: A prospective observational study. Study sample: The study population included 1562 patients (1113 first-time and 449 experienced HA users) referred for HA rehabilitation. All patients responded to the 15D at baseline, two months after HA fitting, and at long-term follow-up (698 ± 298 d). Results: Among both first-time and experienced HA users, significant improvements in hearing-dimension (15D-3) score were observed at two-month follow-up which sustained at long-term follow-up. 15D total scores significantly decreased at long-term follow-up. Self-reported hearing abilities, word recognition scores, and HA use time were significantly and positively correlated to increased 15D. Conclusions: Both groups of HA users reported improved hearing-related QoL after HA treatment which sustained at long-term follow-up but the improvement in total 15D total score did not sustain for either group. The results suggest that HA intervention positively affects hearing-related QoL among older adults with hearing loss, and the findings support the use of 15D as a tool for the evaluation of HA treatment effects.


FIGURE 1 Patient flow diagram.
Characteristics of patients allocated to premium-or basic-feature hearing aids (HA).
Impact of hearing aid technology level at first-fit on self-reported outcomes in patients with presbycusis: a randomized controlled trial

June 2023

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139 Reads

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4 Citations

Frontiers in Aging

To provide clinical guidance in hearing aid prescription for older adults with presbycusis, we investigated differences in self-reported hearing abilities and hearing aid effectiveness for premium or basic hearing aid users. Secondly, as an explorative analysis, we investigated if differences in gain prescription verified with real-ear measurements explain differences in self-reported outcomes. The study was designed as a randomized controlled trial in which the patients were blinded towards the purpose of the study. In total, 190 first-time hearing aid users (>60 years of age) with symmetric bilateral presbycusis were fitted with either a premium or basic hearing aid. The randomization was stratified on age, sex, and word recognition score. Two outcome questionnaires were distributed: the International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA) and the short form of the Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ-12). In addition, insertion gains were calculated from real-ear measurements at first-fit for all fitted hearing aids. Premium hearing aid users reported 0.7 (95%CI: 0.2; 1.1) scale points higher total SSQ-12 score per item and 0.8 (95%CI: 0.2; 1.4) scale points higher speech score per item, as well as 0.6 (95%CI: 0.2; 1.1) scale points higher qualities score compared to basic-feature hearing aid users. No significant differences in reported hearing aid effectiveness were found using the IOI-HA. Differences in the prescribed gain at 1 and 2 kHz were observed between premium and basic hearing aids within each company. Premium-feature devices yielded slightly better self-reported hearing abilities than basic-feature devices, but a statistically significant difference was only found in three out of seven outcome variables, and the effect was small. The generalizability of the study is limited to community-dwelling older adults with presbycusis. Thus, further research is needed for understanding the potential effects of hearing aid technology for other populations. Hearing care providers should continue to insist on research to support the choice of more costly premium technologies when prescribing hearing aids for older adults with presbycusis. Clinical Trial Registration: https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/ , identifier NCT04539847.


Figure 2. Number of times the 173 respondents chose each value proposition over the alternatives. Each bar indicates the number of responses following the different inclusion criteria. The bottom bars (grey) represent the contributions from respondents who had a response close to or worse than chance. The middle bars (light green) show the preference counts of the respondents who were better than chance but had > 30% circular triads, and the top bars (dark green) show the preferences of respondents who had < 30% circular triads.
Cont.
Overview of probabilistic choice model parameters.
Value Propositions of Public Adult Hearing Rehabilitation in Denmark

April 2023

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47 Reads

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3 Citations

Audiology Research

Objective: To obtain and evaluate detailed descriptions of potential value propositions as seen by adults undergoing hearing rehabilitation with hearing aids. Design: Semi-structured interviews with patients and audiologists, a literature search, and the inclusion of domain knowledge from experts and scientists were used to derive value propositions. A two-alternative forced-choice paradigm and probabilistic choice models were used to investigate hearing aid users’ preferences for the value propositions through an online platform. Study sample: Twelve hearing aid users (mean age 70, range 59–70) and eleven clinicians were interviewed. A total of 173 experienced hearing aid users evaluated the value propositions. Results: Twenty-nine value propositions as described by patients, clinicians, and hearing care experts where identified, from which twenty-one value propositions were evaluated. Results of the pair-wise evaluation method show that the value propositions judged to be the most important for the hearing aid users were: “13. To solve the hearing problem you have”, “09. Thorough diagnosis of the hearing”, and “16. The hearing aid solution is adapted to individual needs”, which are related to finding the correct hearing solution and to be considered in the process. The value propositions judged to be least important were: “04 Next of kin and others involved in the process”, “26. To be in the same room as the practitioner”, and “29. The practitioner’s human characteristics”, related to the involvement of others in the process and the proximity and personal manner of the practitioners.


Figure 1. Situations where HA users always took off their HAs. The numbers beside the bar are the number of participants responding to the given specific situation where they always took off their HAs. The categories of situations listed from "TV" to "Work" were the listed situations, and the rest from "Cultural Activity" to "With Many People" are categories derived from the theme analysis of the free-text responses delivered by the HA users using the "other" option.
Figure 2. Situations where HA users always put on their HAs. The numbers beside the bar represent the number of participants responding to a specific situation where they always put on their HAs. The situations listed in the questions are in the "listed situation" group, and the "other situation" group are situations that are derived from the theme analysis of the free-text responses delivered by the HA users using the "other" option.
Figure 3. The item response probabilities for situations where HA users always took off their HAs with respect to each latent class. The legend also shows the class proportions. The situations listed in the questions are in the "listed situation" group, and the "other situation" group are situations that are derived from the theme analysis of the free-hand text responses delivered by the HA users using the "other" option.
Figure 4 shows the class proportion and probabilities of situations where participants reported always putting their HAs on. The participants with membership in Class 1 were the majority, with 70% of the respondents (n = 189) and had a higher probability of reporting putting the HAs on for watching TV and during social interactions. Class 2 had 54 participants and a higher probability of reporting putting the HAs on for work and watching TV. Class 3 was the smallest in proportion, with approximately 10% (n = 28) of the participants. The HA users in this class had more than a 60% probability of using their HAs while watching TV, shopping, using the telephone, and driving.
Self-Reported Hearing-Aid Use Patterns in an Adult Danish Population

March 2023

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74 Reads

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2 Citations

Audiology Research

The retrospective reporting of users’ hearing aid (HA) usage can provide insight into individualized HA usage patterns. Understanding these HA usage patterns can help to provide a tailored solution to meet the usage needs of HA users. This study aims to understand the HA usage pattern in daily-life situations from self-reported data and to examine its relationship to self-reported outcomes. A total of 1537 participants who responded to questions related to situations where they always took off or put on the HAs were included in the study. A latent class analysis was performed to stratify the HA users according to their HA usage pattern. The results showed distinct usage patterns in the latent classes derived for both scenarios. The demographics, socio-economic indicators, hearing loss, and user-related factors were found to impact HA usage. The results showed that the HA users who reported using the HAs all the time (regular users) had better self-reported HA outcomes than situational users, situational non-users, and non-users. The study explained the underlying distinct HA usage pattern from self-reported questionnaires using latent class analysis. The results emphasized the importance of regular use of HAs for a better self-reported HA outcome.


On the change in Speech Quality and Speed with a Tongue Interface for Control of Rehabilitation Robotics – A Case report

July 2022

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8 Reads

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2 Citations

IEEE International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics : [proceedings]

Previous studies have described inductive tongue computer interfaces (ITCI) as a way to manipulate and control assistive robotics, and at least one commercial company is manufacturing ITCI today. This case report investigates the influence of an ITCI on the speed and quality of speech. An individual with tetraplegia read aloud a short part of "The Ugly Duckling", a well-known story by Hans Christian Andersen, in her native language Danish. The reading was done twice, first with her own Removable Full Upper Denture (RFUD) and secondly with a copy of this RFUD with an integrated ITCI in the palatal area. A word count assesses the speed of 5 minutes of reading aloud, and the confidence of an automated transcription into text measures the quality. This study found no difference in the speed or quality of speech between two settings with or without an ITCI.


Citations (61)


... It is important to emphasise that different factors are related to the successful use of HA such as the degree of hearing loss, motivation, time of device use, typology of HL (like hearing threshold asymmetry), presence of concomitant tinnitus or number of HA adaptations after the first HA use. 28,29 It should also be noted that most of the published literature have been retrospective studies, 5,[13][14][15]26,[30][31][32] whereas this current study was prospective. It is important to note that 10 patients did not answer the telephone interview, so it was not possible to determine if there were some HA users in this sample. ...

Reference:

Factors correlated with hearing aids adherence in older adults: a prospective controlled study
Adapting to New Hearing Aids and Hearing Aid Adjustments in Adult Danish Users

... In older adults, ARHL is conventionally managed by the provision of hearing aids. The use of hearing aids has been shown to improve listening ability (Ferguson et al. 2017), reduce tinnitus loudness (Waechter and J€ onsson 2022), enhance generic (Ferguson et al. 2017;Wolff et al. 2023) and specific quality of life (Ferguson et al. 2017), and decrease the risk of falls (Campos et al. 2023). However, despite these benefits, hearing aid abandonment rates are highly variable (Dillon et al. 2020), and they are particularly high in developing countries (Fuentes-L� opez et al. 2019a;Iwahashi et al. 2015). ...

The effect of hearing aid treatment on health-related quality of life in older adults with hearing loss
  • Citing Article
  • June 2023

... The SSQ12 has been used in several studies, for instance, to examine hearing outcomes in patients with vestibular schwannoma and posterior fossa meningioma (Jiam et al., 2022), to understand selfreported hearing disability in adults with normal hearing (Kamerer et al., 2022), and to investigate quality of life after cochlear implantation in patients with Ménière's disease (Sanchez-Cuadrado et al., 2021). The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) has not been established for the SSQ or the SSQ12, making it difficult to determine which changes are relevant in daily life (Houmøller et al., 2023). ...

Impact of hearing aid technology level at first-fit on self-reported outcomes in patients with presbycusis: a randomized controlled trial

Frontiers in Aging

... It can also refer to a collection of actions taken to guarantee that a business operates profitably, creates income, and meets its objectives. Another way to describe this model is as a sophisticated circular system where several actors, including distributors, suppliers, and customers, manage their businesses while exchanging important data and cash (Lund et al., 2023). It is believed to have been developed by management with the intention of generating income and profits, as well as organizational traits and business processes. ...

Value Propositions of Public Adult Hearing Rehabilitation in Denmark

Audiology Research

... 25 Continuous HA use was reported in 41% of patients in a recent study that evaluated the HA usage patterns in a group of 1961 HA users by evaluating HL degree, socio-economic indicators and user-related factors. 26 In contrast to this current study, it included a wider adult population, not just elderly patients. 26 The different findings from these studies are partly related to different sample populations, time of follow-up and methodological approaches used (e.g. ...

Self-Reported Hearing-Aid Use Patterns in an Adult Danish Population

Audiology Research

... Gu et al. developed a hand exoskeleton rehabilitation system activated by a one-touch button [26]. Mohammadi et al. developed an intraoral tongue-computer interface (ITCI) for eye-free control of a five-degree-of-freedom (DOF) upper-limb exoskeleton [27]. Additionally, biosignals such as surface electromyography (sEMG) provide a way to detect user motor intent by measuring electrical muscle activity, allowing users to control exoskeletons [28]. ...

Eyes-Free Tongue Gesture and Tongue Joystick Control of a Five DOF Upper-Limb Exoskeleton for Severely Disabled Individuals

... More natural control [28], usable with severe conditions [27,29] If non-invasive low accuracy on complex tasks, expensive [30], pre-training needed [31], mentally exhausting [32] Hand/facial muscles sensed by EMG Using muscles in hand [33] and face [34,35] that still at least partially work sensed by EMG Easy to use, controlled by simple movements, such as eyebrow raise [36] Not suitable in severe conditions, difficulty of correct electrode placement [35] Head/chin movement Either following movement of target fixed on forehead [37] or placing chin on sensors and moving around (joystick) [38][39][40] Low cost, high accuracy for controlling direction Fatigue, can not be used with severe conditions, or with conditions with tremors Tongue movement Using tongue movements directed towards sensors placed on the top of the mouth [41,42] Usable with severe conditions [43], invisible control, range of inputs [43] Uncomfortable Sip and puff switch Controlling by breath sensed by pressure sensors [6,44,45] Easy to use, portable Not suitable if respiratory or pulmonary functions are affected, needs frequent maintenance (cleaning), obstructive Tooth-click controller Using tooth-clicking for control sensed by either an accelometer placed behind the ear detecting jaw vibrations [46] or detecting the sound of the clicking [47] Easy to use, comfortable, easy to learn Not suitable in severe conditions Voice control Using speaking or sounds for control [12,48,49] High speed [49] Not suitable if speech is impaired [50], not practical in social settings as other sounds can interfere, and could disturb others 21:210 potential that it can be used in a complementary nature with existing AT techniques (e.g., eye tracking). The knowledge that some people can voluntarily contract their TTM (ear rumble) has been long known [59], however there is little information about the percentage of the population with the ability to rumble or how well the control of the TTM is preserved, if at all, with neurological disorders. ...

Wheelchair Control With Inductive Intra-Oral Tongue Interface for Individuals With Tetraplegia
  • Citing Article
  • September 2021

IEEE Sensors Journal

... However, various factors can affect the outcomes of AR. These are, for example, the degree of HL, gender, motivation, and HA usage time (Houmøller et al. 2022). According to Houmøller et al. (2022), motivation may negatively affect experienced limitations related to HL, even if it positively influences the perceived benefit of AR. ...

Prediction of successful hearing aid treatment in first-time and experienced hearing aid users: Using the International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids

... These modifications are heritable and reversible. 100 Epigenetic alterations include DNA methylation, 101 100 Laytragoon-Lewin et al. 106 found DNA methylation in multiple TSGs in HNSCC and linked abnormal methylation to shorter survival after standard therapy. Zhou et al. 103 identified and confirmed the diagnostic value of two hypermethylated and two hypomethylated genes as prognostic biomarkers in HNSCC. ...

DNA methylation biomarkers in peripheral blood of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. A systematic review

... A tongue driver with a magnetic tracker to detect tongue gestures has been developed 23 . An inductive tongue-computer interface with dual touchpads has also been explored [24][25][26][27] . Both of these approaches require an activation unit or a magnetic tracer to be attached to the tongue's tip, either by gluing or piercing. ...

A pilot study on a novel gesture-based tongue interface for robot and computer control
  • Citing Conference Paper
  • October 2020