January 2004
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89 Reads
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9 Citations
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Publications (4)
March 2003
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219 Reads
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581 Citations
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
The investigators proposed that transgression-related interpersonal motivations result from 3 psychological parameters: forbearance (abstinence from avoidance and revenge motivations, and maintenance of benevolence), trend forgiveness (reductions in avoidance and revenge, and increases in benevolence), and temporary forgiveness (transient reductions in avoidance and revenge, and transient increases in benevolence). In 2 studies, the investigators examined this 3-parameter model. Initial ratings of transgression severity and empathy were directly related to forbearance but not trend forgiveness. Initial responsibility attributions were inversely related to forbearance but directly related to trend forgiveness. When people experienced high empathy and low responsibility attributions, they also tended to experience temporary forgiveness. The distinctiveness of each of these 3 parameters underscores the importance of studying forgiveness temporally.
January 2003
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87 Reads
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95 Citations
January 2002
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1,308 Reads
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3,054 Citations
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
In four studies, the authors examined the correlates of the disposition toward gratitude. Study 1 revealed that self-ratings and observer ratings of the grateful disposition are associated with positive affect and well-being prosocial behaviors and traits, and religiousness/spirituality. Study 2 replicated these findings in a large nonstudent sample. Study 3 yielded similar results to Studies 1 and 2 and provided evidence that gratitude is negatively associated with envy and materialistic attitudes. Study 4 yielded evidence that these associations persist after controlling for Extraversion/positive affectivity, Neuroticism/negative affectivity, and Agreeableness. The development of the Gratitude Questionnaire, a unidimensional measure with good psychometric properties, is also described.
Citations (4)
... The sample of this study was wives who were victims of domestic violence as many as 90 women. Forgiveness is measured by The Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivation Inventory (TRIM-18) scale (McCullough, 2003) and self-compassion is measured by The Self Compassion Scale (SCS) scale (Neff, 2003). Both scales have gone through validity and reliability tests. ...
- Citing Article
March 2003
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
... Gratitude can be conceptualized on the trait and state levels. Specifically, trait gratitude refers to individual differences in the tendency to experience grateful emotions (McCullough, Emmons, and Tsang 2002), whereas state gratitude is the affect state that may vary with the specific events within a day (Emmons and McCullough 2003;McCullough et al. 2001). Previous studies have revealed the negative association between gratitude and depressed mood at the between-person level (Martin et al. 2019;Mills et al. 2015;Ozdemir, Karadag, and Kul 2022;Sun et al. 2020), but less is known about the within-person relation between gratitude and depressed mood. ...
- Citing Article
- Publisher preview available
January 2002
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
... The ecological usage observed on our platform aligns with Cockayne and Salter's taxonomy of group gratitude [13], highlighting the complex and multifaceted nature of gratitude. This study demonstrates the diverse expression of gratitude in the real-world context, which reflects various conceptualizations of gratitude documented in prior research [13,17,37] -referring to gratitude as an emotion, a personality trait, an action, or a moral virtue. Our findings echo the seminal work of Gulliford et al. [20], urging researchers to further examine fundamental concepts of gratitude. ...
- Citing Article
January 2003
... To our knowledge, this study is the first to address the role of gratitude in the context of complaint handling. While transactional satisfaction reflects the fulfilment of consumer expectation in confirmation/disconfirmation perspective (Oliver, 1980), gratitude is expected to serve as the affective basis for a complaining consumer's reciprocal behaviour (Tsang and McCullough, 2004). Specifically, as the short-term emotional appreciation for benefits is recognised, gratitude inherently implies a desire to reciprocate that results in the enhanced effectiveness of relationship investment. ...
- Citing Article
January 2004