Michael Conlon's research while affiliated with University of Florida Health Science Center-Jacksonville and other places
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Publications (49)
Clinical trial conduct today requires improvements in efficiency, accuracy and subject safety. These benefits are available as the industry makes clinical trial process changes through Web-based technology.Journal of Commercial Biotechnology (2002) 9, 49-58; doi:10.1057/palgrave.jcb.3040007
Clinical trial conduct today requires improvements in efficiency, accuracy and subject safety. These benefits are available as the industry makes clinical trial process changes through Web-based technology.
A method was developed for measuring cocaine and its metabolites, benzoylecgonine, ecgonine methyl ester, norcocaine, ecgonine ethyl ester, cocaethylene, and m-hydroxybenzoylecgonine, in breast milk by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Limits of detection for this method ranged from 2.5 to 10 ng/mL, and limits of quantitation ranged from 5 to 5...
The use of the world wide web for clinical trials changes the processes of performing clinical research in several fundamental ways. Greatly improved security, monitoring capability, and accuracy and timeliness of study conduct can be achieved while lowering cost. Data quality is enhanced while co-ordinating centre effort is reduced. The web provid...
The literature on prenatal cocaine exposure is unclear whether immediate postpartum effects on the infant are transient, related to either acute toxicity of cocaine, or to a withdrawal effect as cocaine is metabolized, or whether they might persist. This prospective, longitudinal study was designed to test the hypotheses that newborns urine-positiv...
Background: Adequate BP control in patients with hypertension is difficult as various reports document that only 16–24% of patients actually
achieve control despite treatment. Because coronary artery disease (CAD) is the #1 killer of women, it is imperative that
focus be placed on adequate BP control in women who are hypertensive and have CAD. Data...
Minor cranial ultrasound abnormalities, such as mild ventricular enlargement, choroid plexus cysts, and subependymal cysts, have been identified in 3% to 5% of the newborn population. Although clinicians generally consider these abnormalities to be insignificant for the outcome of the newborn, few convincing data have been published to support this...
The primary objective of the International Verapamil SR/Trandolapril Study (INVEST) is to compare the risk for adverse outcomes (all-cause mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction [MI] or nonfatal stroke) in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) treated with either a calcium antagonist-based or a noncalcium antagonist-based stra...
This study examined whether the widely disseminated negative image of the "cocaine baby" would lead adults to perceive a videotaped unexposed infant more negatively simply because they had been told the infant was prenatally cocaine-exposed. Two hundred and forty-nine students from three state universities used a seven-point Likert scale to rate ei...
The effects of cocaine are well documented in the CNS; however, recent evidence suggests that cocaine may suppress the immune system. Maternal cocaine use essentially exposes the fetus to a continuous exposure of cocaine. The objective of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of cocaine and its metabolites on maternal and fetal...
Masking evaluators is a complex process, calling upon the creativity of scientific investigators and the unrelenting attention of project directors and data collectors. This article reviews research supporting the importance of masking to reduce the effects on outcome of evaluator bias, especially given the evidence of strongly held beliefs about t...
This prospective, longitudinal project was designed to determine the effects of prenatal cocaine use on the neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants from a historically understudied rural public health population.
We interviewed > 2500 women prenatally, identified 154 cocaine users, and matched 154 controls on race, parity, socioeconomic status, and...
This prospective, longitudinal project was designed to determine the effects of prenatal cocaine use on the pregnancy outcomes of women from a historically understudied rural public health population.
We interviewed over 2500 women prenatally, identified 154 cocaine users, and matched 154 controls on race, parity, socioeconomic status, and location...
This study was undertaken to determine whether an increased incidence of structural brain abnormalities could be demonstrated in newborns exposed to cocaine.
This study was part of a prospective, longitudinal study of 154 cocaine users matched to 154 control subjects on prenatal risk level, race, parity, and socioeconomic status. Subjects were enro...
Pregnant women using rural health departments for prenatal care often experience chronic stressors (minority status, poor education, low income, young age, and single parenting of young children) that contribute to depression. Yet these same women may be reluctant to express their feelings. Because depression has been related to negative patterns o...
As part of a prospective, longitudinal study of the effects of prenatal cocaine use on infant outcome, we enrolled 308 women when they first came infer prenatal care or at delivery, in the case of no prenatal care. The 154 women in the cocaine use group, identified by means of drug history and urine testing, were matched to 154 non-cocaine using co...
Examined the relationship between the living arrangement of mother and baby in a residential treatment center and measures of self-esteem, depression and parenting sense of competence and a female's length of stay and completion or non-completion of treatment. 86 females (aged 17–39 yrs) completed an onsite interview. Scores on the Bayley Scales of...
The increased use of cocaine by women of child-bearing age has left many health care scientists searching for improved methods of detecting prenatal cocaine exposure. To that end, a study of the determination of cocaine and its metabolites in amniotic fluid and umbilical cord tissue was undertaken. Amniotic fluid (n = 32) and umbilical cord tissue...
Our goals were to document hospital costs associated with prenatal cocaine exposure in an understudied population-women using rural county public health units who had minimal access to drug rehabilitation and whose cocaine of choice was crack with little other illicit drug use- and to explore why increased costs occur in an effort to identify cost-...
We report the 6-month results from a longitudinal study of the effects of prenatal cocaine use on the medical and neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants. Over 2,000 women from rural health departments consented to the study's interviews and urine screens, from which 154 were identified as cocaine users and matched on risk level of prenatal care, ra...
Norplant, which has been shown to be a highly effective and acceptable contraceptive for adult women, may also be a very useful contraceptive for adolescents. This study is designed to determine the level of interest in Norplant for adolescent girls with and without children, their attitudes toward various features of Norplant, and the demographic...
Cocaine and its metabolites were measured in urine, meconium, and amniotic fluid specimens collected from 30 maternal-infant pairs with histories of prenatal cocaine use. Cocaine, benzoylecgonine, and ecgonine methyl ester were measured by isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Mothers were interviewed at delivery regarding their co...
This nonconcurrent, cohort study of consecutive admissions to one of three hospital units: labor and delivery (n = 474), well-born nursery (n = 100), and the neonatal intensive care unit (n = 100), was designed to determine the prevalence of cocaine exposure in a rural obstetrical sample and to determine the relationship between exposure and perina...
This study was designed to overcome some of the methodological limitations of previous work and investigate the impact of prenatal cocaine use in an understudied population: women using rural county public health units who had minimal access to drug rehabilitation. Through maternal history, interviews, and urine screens, 172 cocaine users were iden...
The nature and control of early neonatal respiratory patterns were determined in 10 premature, asphyxiated lambs. Severe retardation of early expiratory airflow (braking) characterized an initial pattern (A), but was absent in a final one (B). During a transition pattern (pattern T), pattern A and B airflow types occurred. Close temporal relationsh...
Research on the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure has produced an inconsistent pattern of results. The goals of this project were (a) to improve upon the methodology of previous research by matching subjects one-to-one on important confounding maternal and infant variables, (b) to investigate a population of rural women not enrolled in an intens...
Forty-two pre-term infants were studied to determine the effect of nonnutritive sucking pre-feeding on behavioral state. Infants were randomly assigned to pacifier or rest groups. Pacifiers or rest were given for 5 minutes following routine caregiving and before each of the first 16 bottle feedings. A 12-category scale was used to measure state imm...
The purpose of this report is to determine what characteristics are most closely associated with nurses and physicians who favor a living will. A statistical analysis called classification and regression trees (CART) was used on the data set from a previous study. The five predictor variables that were analyzed were chosen following incorporation o...
A strategy to promote night sleep was tested in 94 hospitalized 3- to 8-year-old children. Parents were not present at bedtime with the first three of four groups of children who: listened to a parent-recorded story, a stranger-recorded story, or did not listen to a recorded story. The fourth group had parents present at bedtime and the children di...
Behavioral state-induced changes in fetal cerebral blood flow were continuously monitored with a simple thermal dilution method. Thermojunctions were heated 1.5 degrees C above reference thermojunctions implanted contralaterally in various cerebral cortical and subcortical structures of four near-term fetal sheep. Temperature difference in rapid-ey...
To describe the effect of nonnutritive sucking (NNS) on behavioral state (BSt) in preterm infants before feedings 24 preterm infants were randomly assigned and studied before each of their first 16 bottle feedings. Twelve received NNS by pacifier for 5 minutes; 12 did not receive a pacifier. BSt was measured with a 12-category scale for 30 seconds...
Sound pressure in amniotic fluid was created by application of either an electronic artificial larynx or a standard audiometric earphone to the abdominal surface of pregnant ewes. Sound transmission was assessed with a hydrophone placed near the ear of the fetus within the intact amnion. Sound pressures produced by the electronic artificial larynx...
This study examined levels of anxiety in 50 parents who roomed in and 51 parents who did not room in with their hospitalized children. The Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to measure parental anxiety at two specific times. Statistically significant correlations were found between parental anxiety and number of children at home, pa...
The nature of behaviors during sleep onset latency (SOL) at night bedtime was studied in a group of 40 hospitalized children ages 3 to 8 years whose parents did not room-in. Research questions were: (a) What is the nature of behaviors during sleep onset latency of young children whose parents do not room-in? and (b) How are these behaviors related...
Citations
... The other major effect of SSC in neonates is to reduce the stress levels associated with separation from their mothers [3,10,11] . There is some evidence from previous studies that salivary cortisol levels considered as a marker of stress decreased in infants given SSC [10,11] . ...
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... Additionally, some BSSCs included several other categories for classifying sleep stages. These items involve breathing technique (eg, abdominal breathing) [41,42], response to stimulation [61], and the color of the face [12,53]. However, these items were seldom used, thus are not considered in the final analysis. ...
... L'abus de substances psychoactives chez les femmes enceintes est maintenant reconnu comme étant un grave problème de santé publique (Barnet et al, 1995;Kearney et al, 1995) qui préoccupe les professionnels et les professionnelles de la santé et des services sociaux (Marcenko et al, 1994; Regroupement des centres de réadaptation Alternatives-Domrémy- Montréal-Préfontaine, 1995). Les données américaines proposent différentes évaluations de la prévalence du problème, allant de 5,5 % à 10 % (Behnke et al, 1997;Hutchins, 1997). Cependant, l'exactitude en est difficile à cerner, compte tenu des développements récents en recherche qui remettent en question les modes de dépistage utilisés jusqu'à maintenant (Dicker et Leighton, 1994). ...
... К тому же, в случае комбинации иАПФ+АК было отмечено уменьшение числа новых случаев сахарного диабета 2 типа на 32% [13]. Частота назначения двух и более антигипертензивных препаратов в других исследованиях также оказалась велика: в исследовании SHEP -45,0%, MAPHY -48,5%, ALLHAT -62,0%, STOP-Hypertension -66,0%, IPPPSH -70,0%, INVEST -84,0%, в исследовании LIFE лишь 11% пациентов, рандомизированных в группу лозартана, к концу исследования получали только один препарат, а в 89% случаев потребовалось назначение комбинированной терапии [14][15][16][17][18][19]. ...
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... GMsA ocenia neurorozwojowe zaburzenia u niemowlaków zwłaszcza przy rozważaniu,[22,23]. Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS)[24]podobnie, jaki MAI identyfikuje zahamowanie rozwoju ruchowego lub jego nieprawidłowości oraz ocenia dojrzewanie rozwoju motorycznego w czasie. Jest to wystandaryzowana skala obserwacji dziecka od urodzenia do 18 miesiąca życia, czyli do momentu osiągnięcia samodzielnej dwunożnej lokomocji. ...
... Enantiomers differ in the arrangement of atoms in space, i.e., the S enantiomer of thalidomide can fit the active site of a specific enzyme producing the sedative effect (28). on the other hand, the R enantiomer cannot interact with the same site due to a different arrangement of atoms. As a consequence, it fits a different enzyme active pocket, triggering a different biological effect (toxic) (29). ...
... Examples are IRB work, investigator training, randomization, study drug management, investigator compensation, and adverse event management. Each of these areas can be integrated into a more comprehensive network of trial workflows, which can provide further efficiencies for study investigators and other clinical trial constituents3456. These efficiency gains are only possible as attitudes change regarding moving from old inefficient manual processes to more automated processes which provide complete documentation of work being conducted under FDA 21 CFR Part 11 guidelines for electronic systems for clinical research. ...
... In addition, Killeen and Brady (2000) found that women who graduated from a mother-child residential treatment program experienced improved parental functioning compared to those who did not. Other positive outcomes include greater retention of mothers in treatment (Hughes et al., 1995;Metsch et al., 2001;Osterling & Austin, 2008) and better mental health outcomes for mothers (Wobie, Eyler, Conlon, Clarke, & Behnke, 1997). Mothers are also said to develop "enhanced coping skills and newfound knowledge about alternatives to physical punishment" (Carlson, 2006, p. 109). ...
... PCE children, for instance, are more likely to experience higher levels of environmental risk or caregiving instability as indicated by a number of factors, such as frequent separations from the primary caregiver, changes in caregiving adults, frequent changes in the living situation, and lack of a male caregiver (Brown et al., 2004). Maternal cocaine use has also been associated with higher levels of psychiatric symptoms across a number of studies (Bendersky, Alessandri, Gilbert, & Lewis, 1996;Eiden, Foote, & Schuetze, 2007;Woods, Eyler, Behnke, & Conlon, 1993), and evidence clearly links higher rates of maternal psychopathology to higher rates of externalizing behavior problems (Campbell, Pierce, Moore, Marakovitz, & Newby, 1996;Gartstein, Bridgett, Dishion, & Kaufman, 2009). Finally, accumulating evidence indicates that substance-using women may be more likely to place their children at risk for exposure to violence (Conner-Burrow, Johnson, & Whiteside-Mansell, 2009;Bada et al., 2011). ...
... Systematic evaluation for congenital anomalies or dysmorphic features revealed no significant association between PCE and minor and major malformations [14,47]. Neither were there differences in the prevalence of cranial abnormalities detected by ultrasound [13]. Therefore, these later studies tempered the rush to judgment that labeled infants with PCE as the "crack kids" of women who were "dangerous" or "unfit to parent" [17,44,69]. ...
