Michael A. Kamm’s research while affiliated with St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and other places

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Publications (880)


Author Correction: Gut microbiota strain richness is species specific and affects engraftment
  • Article
  • Publisher preview available

January 2025

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17 Reads

Nature

Alice Chen-Liaw

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Varun Aggarwala

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Ilaria Mogno

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[...]

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Jeremiah J. Faith
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DOP119 Predicting response to anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha therapy-α in fibrostenotic Crohn’s disease using infra-red microspectroscopy

January 2025

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6 Reads

Journal of Crohn s and Colitis

Background Fibrostenotic strictures are common in Crohn’s disease, have limited treatment options and lack validated biomarkers to predict treatment response. Fourier-transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy provides reproducible biochemical information from biospecimens using a rapid, label-free, non-destructive technique via molecular vibrations. We previously completed a proof-of-concept study that identified spectral biomarkers for inflammation in a model of colitis.1 The aim of this study was to investigate whether the tissue biochemical "fingerprint" using FTIR spectroscopy can predict patient clinical response to anti-tumour necrosis-factor-α (anti-TNFα) therapy, and identify spectral biomarkers for treatment response. Methods Hyperspectral images were acquired using the Agilent Cary 670 FPA-IR coupled with the Agilent Cary 620 microscope in transflection mode in the wavenumber region 1800 – 800 cm-1 from fixed ileo-colonoscopic biopsies from 62 patients with Crohn’s disease and 12 healthy controls. A subset of patients (n = 24) were included from STRIDENT2, a randomised study assessing adalimumab therapy for intestinal Crohn’s strictures. Thousands of spectra were obtained per sample, pre-processed via transformation to the second derivative, normalised and reduced to 25 spectra per sample prior to analysis using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA) with internal cross-validation. Spectral biomarkers were identified by the most contributive infra-red bands from the latent variables (LV) and significant variable importance in projection (VIP) scores of >1. Adjacent histological sections were stained with H&E, Masson’s trichrome and α-smooth muscle actin with inflammation and fibrosis scored by a clinical pathologist. Results Spectra from baseline biopsies from the 24 patients in the STRIDENT study demonstrated excellent performance using PLSDA in discriminating between responders and non-responders in relation to the 12 month clinical outcomes, defined by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) >0.9 for MRI and IUS responses, normalisation of faecal calprotectin and CRP, CDAI and pain responses (Table 1). Spectral biomarkers of interest for stricture response to anti-TNFα are shown in Figure 1 and include the amide I and II protein bands (peaks at 1651 and 1543 cm-1, respectively), the carboxylate group of proteins (1454 cm-1), lipid bands (1750 and 1395 cm-1), collagen band (1236 cm-1), glycoprotein bands (1081 and 1030 cm-1), and nucleic acid bands (1236, 1081 and 966 cm-1). Conclusion The novel technique of FTIR spectroscopy detects tissue biochemical "fingerprints" in fibrostenotic Crohn’s disease that demonstrate excellent discrimination for predicting clinical response to adalimumab therapy. References 1.Keung C, Heraud P, Kuk N, et al. Fourier-Transform Infra-Red Microspectroscopy Can Accurately Diagnose Colitis and Assess Severity of Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(5). 2.Schulberg JD, Wright EK, Holt BA, et al. Intensive drug therapy versus standard drug therapy for symptomatic intestinal Crohn's disease strictures (STRIDENT): an open-label, single-centre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;7(4):318-331. 3.Rimola J, Ordas I, Rodriguez S, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation of Crohn's disease: validation of parameters of severity and quantitative index of activity. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2011;17(8):1759-1768.


P0260 Scoring indices grading radiologic disease activity severity on magnetic resonance imaging strongly reflect clinical healing of Crohn’s perianal fistulas

January 2025

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3 Reads

Journal of Crohn s and Colitis

Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold-standard for evaluating Crohn’s perianal fistulas. Multiple scoring indices to grade radiologic disease activity severity have been established, with limited comparative data and a lack of consensus regarding which index correlates most accurately with clinical findings. In a prospective MRI series, we explored the relationship between established radiologic indices and clinical healing. Methods Serial MRI scans from 60 adults with Crohn’s perianal fistulas enrolled in a prospective study were acquired. The prospective study evaluated the efficacy of a protocolised treatment strategy optimising care delivery at a single tertiary centre. Patients had ≥12 months follow-up with serial MRI performed annually. Each MRI scan had a paired physical examination, with clinical healing defined as the absence of externally draining perianal fistulas and no seton. MRI scans were reviewed by a specialist radiologist blinded to clinical findings. Radiologic disease activity severity was graded using the Van Assche Index (VAI), Magnetic Resonance Index for Assessing Fistulas in Patients with Crohn’s Disease (MAGNIFI-CD) and Fibrosis Score (FS). The primary endpoint was the relationship between radiologic indices and clinical healing. Secondary endpoints included the optimal index scores for clinical healing and the relationship between individual scoring criteria and clinical healing. Results A total of 135 MRI scans were acquired. All patients had baseline imaging, with 88% and 37% having serial imaging at 1 and 2 years, respectively. The median interval between baseline and final MRI was 16 months. Clinical healing significantly correlated with less severe radiologic disease activity, reflected by lower VAI (OR 0.70, P<0.001), lower MAGNIFI-CD (OR 0.76, P<0.001) and higher FS (OR 3.14, P<0.001). On ROC curve analysis, all radiologic indices exhibited a similarly high degree of correlation with clinical healing; AUROC of 0.91, 0.84 and 0.92, respectively (Figure 1). The optimal index scores for clinical healing were VAI ≤6 (sensitivity 83%, specificity 94%, AUROC 0.88), MAGNIFI-CD ≤8 (sensitivity 78%, specificity 73%, AUROC 0.75) and FS ≥5 (sensitivity 83%, specificity 94%, AUROC 0.88). On multivariable logistic regression analysis, increasing degree of fibrosis on FS (OR 2.68, P<0.001) and increasing fistula tract extension on VAI (OR 0.09, P<0.001) were independent positive and negative indicators of clinical healing, respectively. Conclusion Radiologic disease activity severity using established scoring indices have equally strong correlations with clinical healing of Crohn’s perianal fistulas. Further studies are needed to explore the predictive utility of individual radiologic parameters.


Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the new protocolized treatment strategy centralized around 3 stages of care. Abbreviations: CRS, colorectal surgeon; Gastro, gastroenterologist. * Tract curettage with removal of granulation tissue and manipulation of setons. ** Optimize combined immunosuppressant therapy, particularly in the setting of anti-TNF agents, and consider antibiotics during biologic commencement. # Review clinical and radiologic disease characteristics at multidisciplinary meeting involving colorectal surgeons, gastroenterologists, and radiologists, to achieve consensus recommendation regarding definitive surgery.
Figure 2. Proportion of patients achieving (A) clinical healing and (B) radiologic remission post implementation of the new protocolized treatment strategy compared to baseline inclusion rates preimplementation, based on patients' baseline clinical disease activity.
Figure 3. Time to (A) clinical healing (n = 31) and (B) clinical relapse (n = 29) for patients with clinically active and healed fistulas at baseline, respectively. Estimates calculated using the Kaplan-Meier survival method.
A new protocolised treatment strategy optimising medical and surgical care leads to improved healing of Crohn’s perianal fistulas

January 2025

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33 Reads

Journal of Crohn s and Colitis

Background & Aims Crohn’s perianal fistula healing rates remain low. We evaluated the efficacy of a protocolised multidisciplinary treatment strategy optimising care in adults with Crohn’s perianal fistulas. Methods A new treatment strategy was established at a single tertiary centre. The strategy comprised three dynamic stages of care directed towards achieving and maintaining fistula healing. Stage A, active disease, focused on early commencement and proactive escalation of biologic therapies and structured surgical reviews ensuring adequate fistula drainage and conditioning. Stage B, optimised disease with a seton in situ, focused on consideration for seton removal and appropriateness of definitive surgical closure and/or ablative techniques. Stage C, healed disease, focused on proactive care maintenance. Sixty patients were sequentially enrolled and prospectively followed for ≥12 months. Endpoints included clinical healing and radiologic remission in those with clinically active fistulas, and relapse in those with healed fistulas. Results At baseline, 52% (n=31) and 48% (n=29) had clinically active and healed fistulas, respectively. For patients with clinically active fistulas, 71% achieved clinical healing after 22 months, with estimated healing rates of 39% and 84% at 1 and 2 years, respectively. Radiologic remission was achieved in 25%, significantly higher than baseline inclusion rates of 6%. For patients with healed fistulas, 7% experienced clinical relapse after 23 months, with no significant change in radiologic remission, 80% versus 86% at baseline. Conclusions A protocolised treatment strategy proactively optimising care resulted in high rates of clinical healing and improved radiologic remission of Crohn’s perianal fistulas. Controlled-matched studies are needed.


SRj of 92 human gut species
a, SRj varies by species (Kruskal–Wallis, P < 2.2 × 10⁻¹⁶). Data are represented as mean value ± s.e.m. b, SRj using the isolate genome set in this study (n = 4,773) is highly correlated with SRj estimated from an independent set of bacterial genomes (n = 1,947) isolated from 11 humans⁴⁶. Spearman rank correlation was applied. Grey area, 95% confidence interval. c, The SRj of human gut species is lower than SRj of species isolated from lake and soil microbiomes (Kruskal–Wallis test). Blue points, average SRj for a species found in each of the environments; black points, mean of the environment; error bars, s.e.m.
Source Data
Factors influencing SRj
a, Spearman rank correlation of SRj versus species frequency in our cohort. No corrections were used. Grey area, 95% confidence interval. b, Pairwise k-mer distances between unique conspecific strains for species with SRj < 1.1 and SRj > 1.2. c, Functional categories over- and under-represented in genes that vary between species with SRj < 1.1 versus SRj > 1.2.
Source Data
FMT durably transmits healthy donor SRj to rCDI patients
a, Schematic of FMT experimental design with 1:1 donor–recipient pairs. b, Representative heatmap showing the transmission of SRij from donor D283 to seven different recipients (R282, R285 and so on). The numbers in the cells of the heatmap indicate the number of strains of the given species detected in the donor or recipient across five time points for donor D283 and up to three time points for the seven recipients. c, Spearman rank correlation between recipient SRj at week 8 post-FMT and donor SRj. d, Spearman rank correlation between donor SRj at 5 years and time 0 (pre-FMT stool sample). e, Spearman rank correlation between recipient SRj at 5 years post-FMT and 8 weeks post-FMT. c–e, Each datapoint represents the average SRj for a tracked species in b; grey area, 95% confidence interval, and Spearman rank correlations are two-tailed. Credit: a, © Jeremiah Faith/123rf.com.
Source Data
Supraphysiologic manipulation of SRj in FMT recipients converges to the population baseline observed in untransplanted people
a, Heatmap showing the SRij of single donors, donor batches and recipients at post-FMT time points both during and after FMT drug administration. b, SRj for representative species across the donor batch, recipient post-FMT time points and cultured cohort from Fig. 1a (individual donors). Data are presented as the mean value ± s.e.m. with each point representing the SRj for a species at each time point or for the cultured cohort. c, Spearman rank correlation (two-tailed) between recipient SRj at drug week 8 and donor batch SRj. Each point represents the SRj of a species as measured in the pooled donor batch versus as measured in the recipient post-FMT week 8. d, SRj across donors, batches, recipient time points and culture (previously measured in Fig. 1a and Extended Data Table 1). Blue points, tracked SRj of a species as measured in each donor group (individual donors versus pooled batch) or in each recipient post-FMT time point; black points, mean SRj across the overall time point or group. Two-sided Wilcoxon tests were used to compare groups. e, Proportional occurrence of addition, persistence and replacement events across species with low SRj and high SRj. ***P < 10⁻³, Wilcoxon test; ****P < 10⁻⁴, Wilcoxon test; NS, not significant by Wilcoxon test. Exact P values: individual donors versus recipients 5 years (P = 5.1 × 10⁻⁵), donor batch versus recipients week 4 (P = 6 × 10⁻⁸), recipients week 4 versus week 8 (P = 8.5 × 10⁻⁴), recipients week 8 versus week 16 (P = 1.9 × 10⁻⁵), recipients week 16 versus recipients 5 years (P = 1.2 × 10⁻⁵), recipients 5 years versus cultured SRj (P = 0.071).
Source Data
Gut microbiota strain richness is species specific and affects engraftment

November 2024

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92 Reads

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4 Citations

Nature

Despite the fundamental role of bacterial strain variation in gut microbiota function1, 2, 3, 4, 5–6, the number of unique strains of a species that can stably colonize the human intestine is still unknown for almost all species. Here we determine the strain richness (SR) of common gut species using thousands of sequenced bacterial isolates with paired metagenomes. We show that SR varies across species, is transferable by faecal microbiota transplantation, and is uniquely low in the gut compared with soil and lake environments. Active therapeutic administration of supraphysiologic numbers of strains per species increases recipient SR, which then converges back to the population average after dosing is ceased. Stratifying engraftment outcomes by high or low SR shows that SR predicts microbial addition or replacement in faecal transplants. Together, these results indicate that properties of the gut ecosystem govern the number of strains of each species colonizing the gut and thereby influence strain addition and replacement in faecal microbiota transplantation and defined live biotherapeutic products.



Significant inter-study variations were found in the microbiome profile of healthy subjects. (a) Principal coordinates plot based on weighted UniFrac distance showing variation among samples from individual studies. The variations were derived from between-sample weighted UniFrac distances. (b) Bar plot illustrating the variance explained (R²) by each factor associated with gut microbial variations. R² and statistical significance were calculated by PERMANOVA (Adonis2). FDR was controlled at 5%. Factors were ranked by R².
Microbial diversity and detection of bacterial groups. (a) Shannon diversity index of control samples across all included study. (b) Chao1 richness across all included study. (c) Bacterial richness within individual bacterial phyla across all included study. (d) Heatmap depicting the presence and absence of bacterial species in the major bacterial phyla across all included study. The results showed that the inter-study variations were largely caused by reduced detection of certain bacterial groups. Statistical significance was calculated by Kruskal-Wallis test.
The microbiome profile of test samples extracted using different extraction methods. Five fecal samples from five healthy subjects were extracted with the Qiagen PowerSoil Kit, Promega Maxwell PureFood Kit, and Promega Maxwell PureFood Kit with lyticase pretreatment. (a) PCoA analysis based on the weighted UniFrac distance of test fecal samples. (b) Bar plot illustrating the factors found to be significantly associated with gut microbial variations. (c) Overall richness and richness within the Firmicutes phylum of test fecal samples. (d,e) DNA quantity and quality of test samples.
The microbiome profile of the mock community extracted using different extraction methods. The standardized mock community sequencing control (ZymoBIOMICS Microbial Community) was extracted with Qiagen PowerSoil Kit, Promega Maxwell PureFood Kit, and Promega Maxwell PureFood Kit with lyticase pre-treatment. (a) Bar plot depicting the composition of mock community samples extracted using different extraction methods. (b) PCoA analysis based on the weighted UniFrac distance of mock community samples. (c) Weighted UniFrac distance of mock community samples to the standard DNA. Smaller values indicate more resemblance to the standard DNA. (d) Relative abundance of fungal species in mock community samples.
Variation in the metagenomic analysis of fecal microbiome composition calls for a standardized operating approach

October 2024

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43 Reads

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1 Citation

Microbiology Spectrum

The reproducibility in microbiome studies is limited due to the lack of one gold-standard operating procedure. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of protocol variations on microbiome composition using metagenomic data sets from a single center. We assessed the variation in a data set consisted of 2,722 subjects, including 9 subcohorts harboring healthy subjects and patients with various disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, and type 2 diabetes. Two different DNA extraction kits, with or without lyticase, and two sample storage methods were compared. Our results indicated that DNA extraction had the largest impact on gut microbiota diversity among all host factors and sample operating procedures. Healthy subjects matched by age, body mass index, and sample operating methods exhibited reduced, yet significant differences (PERMANOVA, P < 0.05) in gut microbiota composition across studies. The variations contributed by DNA extraction were primarily driven by different recovery efficiency of gram-positive bacteria, e.g., phyla Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. This was further confirmed by a parallel comparison of fecal samples from five healthy subjects and a standard mock community. In addition, the DNA extraction method influenced DNA biomass, quality, and the detection of specific lineage-associated diseases. Sample operating approach and batch effects should be considered for cohorts with large sample size or longitudinal cohorts to ensure that source data were appropriately generated and analyzed. Comparison between samples processed with inconsistent methods should be dealt with caution. This study will promote the establishment of a sample operating standard to enhance our understanding of microbiome and translating in clinical practice. IMPORTANCE The reproducibility of human gut microbiome studies has been suboptimal across cohorts and study design choices. One possible reason for the disagreement is the introduction of systemic biases due to differences in methodologies. In our study, we utilized microbial metagenomic data sets from 2,722 fecal samples generated from a single research center to examine the extent to which sample storage and DNA extraction influence the quantification of microbial composition and compared this variable with other sources of technical and biological variation. Our research highlights the impact of DNA extraction methods when analyzing microbiome data and suggests that the microbiome profile may be influenced by differences in the extraction efficiency of bacterial species. With metagenomics sequencing being increasingly used in clinical biology, our findings provide insight into the challenges using metagenomics sequencing in clinical diagnostics, where the detection of certain species and its abundance relative to a “healthy reference” is key.


The phageome of patients with ulcerative colitis treated with donor fecal microbiota reveals markers associated with disease remission

October 2024

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86 Reads

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1 Citation

Bacteriophages are influential within the human gut microbiota, yet they remain understudied relative to bacteria. This is a limitation of studies on fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) where bacteriophages likely influence outcome. Here, using metagenomics, we profile phage populations - the phageome - in individuals recruited into two double-blind randomized trials of FMT in ulcerative colitis. We leverage the trial designs to observe that phage populations behave similarly to bacterial populations, showing temporal stability in health, dysbiosis in active disease, modulation by antibiotic treatment and by FMT. We identify a donor bacteriophage putatively associated with disease remission, which on genomic analysis was found integrated in a bacterium classified to Oscillospiraceae, previously isolated from a centenarian and predicted to produce vitamin B complex except B12. Our study provides an in-depth assessment of phage populations during different states and suggests that bacteriophage tracking has utility in identifying determinants of disease activity and resolution.


Assessments and vaccinations prior to commencing advanced therapy for the treatment of IBD. ¹HPV vaccination: Indicated in patients < 26 years old, or if ≥ 26 years old with risk factors.
Consensus Statements on Assessments and Vaccinations Prior to Commencement of Advanced Therapies for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

October 2024

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74 Reads

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1 Citation

Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics

Background Given the introduction of new advanced therapies for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), expanded risk mitigation strategies are essential. Aims To create a comprehensive set of statements on assessment procedures and vaccinations before starting monoclonal antibodies, Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors or sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) modulators for IBD. Methods We examined literature, guidelines and drug product information regarding vaccination and assessment recommendations for initiating advanced IBD therapies. Using a modified Delphi approach, delegates voted anonymously on the acceptability of these statements prior to and following consensus discussion. Results We developed eight statements on the domains of infectious diseases screening, vaccinations and assessments prior to commencing JAK inhibitors and S1P modulators. Six statements received agreement. Pre‐advanced therapy screening for infectious diseases was established, and the vaccination protocol was revised. Malignancy, cardiovascular and thromboembolic risk assessments are necessary before initiating JAK inhibitors. Those starting S1P modulators need cardiac and ophthalmic assessments. Conclusions These consensus statements combine vaccination and assessments on the currently available advanced therapies for IBD as a single comprehensive document that may reduce IBD complications associated with use of advanced therapies. Knowledge gaps identified during the consensus process will provide further research opportunities.


Noninvasive, microbiome-based diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease

October 2024

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193 Reads

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11 Citations

Nature Medicine

Despite recent progress in our understanding of the association between the gut microbiome and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the role of microbiome biomarkers in IBD diagnosis remains underexplored. Here we developed a microbiome-based diagnostic test for IBD. By utilization of metagenomic data from 5,979 fecal samples with and without IBD from different geographies and ethnicities, we identified microbiota alterations in IBD and selected ten and nine bacterial species for construction of diagnostic models for ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, respectively. These diagnostic models achieved areas under the curve >0.90 for distinguishing IBD from controls in the discovery cohort, and maintained satisfactory performance in transethnic validation cohorts from eight populations. We further developed a multiplex droplet digital polymerase chain reaction test targeting selected IBD-associated bacterial species, and models based on this test showed numerically higher performance than fecal calprotectin in discriminating ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease from controls. Here we discovered universal IBD-associated bacteria and show the potential applicability of a multibacteria biomarker panel as a noninvasive tool for IBD diagnosis.


Citations (38)


... [47][48][49] Pairwise comparisons of genetic overlap between isolates in the same strain cloud typically find at least 96-98% genetic overlap in kmer content, where kmer is a short DNA sequence of length k (typically 20-40 nucleotides long). [48][49][50] This empirical observation provides a genetic definition of a strain as isolates with genome sequences sharing >96% of their kmer content. For people with multiple strains of the same species in their gut microbiome, these strains are no more similar to each other than to strains in other people suggesting they do not evolve from the same original strain but instead are independently acquired and transmitted 50 (Figure 1(b)). ...

Reference:

Assessing live microbial therapeutic transmission
Gut microbiota strain richness is species specific and affects engraftment

Nature

... Additionally, NGS may be performed using different processing techniques, and results can be inconsistent and may not be reproducible because of this variability and lack of a universal standard approach. 33,34 This is a limitation of this study; however, a single laboratory was used where the sequencing, processing, and taxonomic classification methods used have been well validated. The results of this study are preliminary and would need to be repeated to fully validate the results given the evidence that NGS studies can be difficult to reproduce with consistent results. ...

Variation in the metagenomic analysis of fecal microbiome composition calls for a standardized operating approach

Microbiology Spectrum

... For example, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is commonly used to treat gastrointestinal diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms [71]. FMT was initially applied for Clostridium difficile (CDI) infection and was later considered a potential treatment for (IBD) [72], including its use in ulcerative colitis (UC), a type of IBD [73]. The intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in the treatment of IBD [64,74], and PTB is also categorized as a type of IBD [75]. ...

The phageome of patients with ulcerative colitis treated with donor fecal microbiota reveals markers associated with disease remission

... respectively [30]. Therefore, risk assessment is required, and in some countries, JAKis are restrict to biologicexposed subjects only [31]. Upadacitinib is the latest JAKi that selectively targets JAK1, showing promising efficacy and favorable safety profile. ...

Consensus Statements on Assessments and Vaccinations Prior to Commencement of Advanced Therapies for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics

... Zheng et al., demonstrated that a multibacteria biomarker panel, which included both enriched and depleted species, delivered an excellent diagnostic performance in distinguishing IBD from non-IBD, as well as Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) across different regions and ethnicities [11]. This method effectively mitigates cohort selection bias and other confounding variables that often hinder cross-sectional studies. ...

Noninvasive, microbiome-based diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease

Nature Medicine

... In recent years, the use of social media has become more common which allows people with rare diseases to connect with one another [15]. This can reduce feelings of isolation, however, it is important to assess the level of engagement with social media and the possible positive or negative impact of social media for each individual [16]. Importantly, education needs to emphasise that each person with IF requiring HPN will have individualised medical care requirements and needs to understand that lay opinions related to medical care are not always based on evidence and can be potentially harmful. ...

Role of social media in the presentation of disorders of gut–brain interaction: Review and recommendations

Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology

... Probiotics are usually indigestible dietary carbohydrates that promote the growth and function of beneficial microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract (43). Prebiotics have the potential to enhance host metabolism, decrease proinflammatory markers, and improve lipid profiles by stimulating the growth of beneficial bacteria, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. ...

Probiotics: are they beneficial?
  • Citing Article
  • May 2024

Internal Medicine Journal

... Notably, all seven model genes have been shown to play diverse roles in immunity and immunotherapy (52)(53)(54)(55)(56)(57)(58)(59)(60)(61)(62)(63)(64)(65)(66). In particular, GBP5 has emerged as an immune regulator and a biomarker for inflammation and cancers (67)(68)(69). GBP5 promotes the assembly of the NLRP3-containing inflammasome and activates the NF-kB signaling pathway (69)(70)(71). It has also been linked to the immune microenvironment, where it plays a role in influencing tumor progression (68). ...

Profiling the colonic mucosal response to fecal microbiota transplantation identifies a role for GBP5 in colitis in humans and mice

... cation of risk factors for ePOR and other measures of POR including the adjustment for potential confounding factors.63 These studies need accurate reporting of patient characteristics, use/ optimisation of CD medication, endoscopy and imaging outcomes, and proposed endpoints in the setting of POR.63,66 Furthermore, collection of pre-and post-operative biomaterial (resection specimen, stool and blood) is recommended to identify potential novel biomarkers, including genetic factors. As heterogeneity may be caused by geographical differences such as differences in patient characteristics and post-operative management, validation of outcomes and (new) risk factors is desirable in independent cohorts.Recent pooled data reported that granulomas and plexitis are predictive for ePOR.67 ...

Outcomes and Endpoints of Postoperative Recurrence in Crohn’s Disease: Systematic Review and Consensus Conference
  • Citing Article
  • December 2023

Journal of Crohn s and Colitis

... Ultrasound studies on IBD treatment response were systematically reviewed in 2022 and 2024 [54,55]. For instance, the IBUS-SAS was used in the STARDUST multicentre randomised controlled trial [43] and the UC IUS index in a monocentric prospective trial [38]. ...

Intestinal Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Monitoring Therapeutic Response in Luminal Crohn’s Disease. A Systematic Review
  • Citing Article
  • October 2023

Journal of the American College of Radiology