Melissa C Daniels's research while affiliated with University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and other places

... Collecting single 24-hour recall data from a large sample can accurately estimate the population-level average intake. However, it is inappropriate to use unadjusted singleday estimates to obtain the population distribution of the usual intake and calculate the prevalence of inadequacy/excess [16]. Therefore, multiple, repeated 24HRs are often used to address this limitation. ...

... Our results are consistent with an extensive literature reporting that BF infants score higher than FF on cognitive testing during infancy, and that these effects persist throughout childhood and to adolescence [4,6,12,[16][17][18]71]. In the literature, there are two primary theories to explain this observation: (1) The majority of these studies occur in high-income countries, and the decision to breastfeed is heavily associated with a higher socio-economic and educational status such that higher cognitive scores may be more indicative of having access to better prenatal care or being raised in a more enriched environment; or (2) the specific nutritional content of human milk-particularly the lipid fraction-is optimal for neurodevelopment. ...

... The DDS for women (MDD-W) was based on 10 food groups as proposed by the Food and Agriculture Organisation [29]. The MDD-W is a dichotomous indicator based on 10 food groups and is considered the standard for measuring population-level dietary diversity in women of reproductive age [30,31]. Each food group was weighted equally with the score of 1; hence the maximum possible score was 10. ...

... The results in Table 3 do not suggest displacement of unprocessed food groups by UPFs. Moreover, MDD scores for children in the highest tertile of UPF consumption were high enough to suggest adequate intakes of trace minerals or other nutrients required in small quantities (62) . However, these results, as well as the MDD scores, may not necessarily and adequately reflect dietary quality (63,64) nor the consumption of other nutrients in sufficient amounts to support optimal linear growth. ...

... Moreover, regular meals positively affect cognitive function, academic performance, learning abilities and school attendance [17,26,27]. The replacement of juice, milk, and diet or sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), with water may reduce the total energy intake [28] and be beneficial in weight management [29]. ...

... With 65 million or 37% of all children under five who are stunted, South Asia had the highest percentage (Shekar et al. 2016). Stunted children are more likely to join school late, drop out of school, or retake a subject because stunting creates anomalies in the brain maturation processes that result in cognitive impairment (Udani 1992;Mendez and Adair 1999;Daniels and Adair 2004;Kar et al. 2008). Zinc undernutrition contributed to 1.2% of the disease burden, with 4% in children between the ages of 6 months and 5 years old, according to a comparative risk assessment conducted in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. ...

... Figure 1 illustrates a sample question. The assessment has been used in other population-based surveys including the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey (see Mendez and Adair, 1999;Glewwe and King, 2001;Daniels and Adair, 2005). As with the Raven's assessment, performance on this instrument is unlikely to vary during adulthood and so we use the average score on four assessments to maximize the signal in the measurement. ...

... Describing the recommended amount using the household or local measurement units and example recipes will assist implementers and consumers in understanding and implementing the dietary guidelines (Gabe & Jaime, 2019). Aside from providing information on the type and frequency of food consumed during the day, portion sizes play a role in preventing nutrient deficiencies, undernutrition, and noncommunicable diseases (Daniels et al., 2009). ...