Melanie J Vielhauer's research while affiliated with Phoenix VA Health Care System and other places
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Publications (9)
Adverse psychosocial outcomes can be anticipated among youth exposed to Hurricane Katrina. Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to the consequences of this natural disaster and may suffer lasting consequences in the form of psychological morbidity and the development of negative health behaviors due to their exposure. We review existing literatu...
The psychometric properties of the PTSD Checklist-Civil-ian version (PCL-C) were calculated for a population of HIV-seropositive individuals, using diagnoses and scores from the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) as the criterion measure. Results indicated rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) higher than that of the general popu-lati...
Published findings are mixed regarding the underlying factor structure of the PTSD Checklist (PCL). Studies have found two-, three-, and four-factor solutions, which are only partially consistent with DSM-IV-defined PTSD symptom clusters (reexperiencing, avoidance, and hyperarousal). The current study examined the reliability, validity, and factor...
Published findings are mixed regarding the underlying factor structure of the PTSD Checklist (PCL). Studies have found two-, three-, and four-factor solutions, which are only partially consistent with DSM-IV-defined PTSD symptom clusters (reexperiencing, avoidance, and hyperarousal). The current study examined the reliability, validity, and factor...
Considerable literature reflects the range of HIV-related neurocognitive complications, including relatively poor performance on tests of: movement and coordination; attention and concentration; reaction time; and mental flexibility. Efforts to develop appropriate screening techniques include the HIV Dementia Scale (HDS), a brief measure that has d...
Many individuals living with HIV have been exposed to some type of traumatic event during their lives and may be living with symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A substantial number of these individuals are also likely to show evidence of a co-morbid substance use disorder (SUD). There is reason to believe that the co-occurrence of H...
Research on the prevalence of traumatic exposure has tended to focus on younger populations, limiting our knowledge about trauma and its effects in older adults. In this study, lifetime trauma exposure was assessed in a sample of 436 male military veterans of World War II and the Korean Conflict (age 59–92). A clinician-administered screening measu...
Citations
... Our findings however, are in line with some results from prior studies, reporting moderate factor structure discrepancy, when comparing to the theoretical scale construct [54,55]. Quite many error covariance sin CFA could be explained by this discrepancy, but good four-factor model fit seems to be evident and applicable to the current study population. ...
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... (Ruggiero et al. 2003). A wide range of cutoff scores have been proposed on this scale for detecting probable PTSD, ranging from 30 (Walker et al. 2002;Lang et al. 2003) to the high 50s (Bollinger et al. 2008;Hudson et al. 2008;Grubaugh et al. 2007). This study used a cutoff score of 30 to identify students with clinical symptoms of PTS, as it has been shown to be predictive of PTSD diagnosis in civilians (Walker et al. 2002). ...
... To determine what content might be traumatic (when creating the well-being check-in questions), designers could refer to the types of trauma described above. They can also look to standardized trauma measures used by clinicians in clinical practice to screen for trauma (e.g., the Brief Trauma Questionnaire [177], the Life Events Checklist, DSM5 [214], or the Adverse Childhood Experiences [ACE] [70]). They could also partner with trauma experts and co-design them. ...
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... CABs are an integral component of the CBPR because they solidify an active, bidirectionally beneficial partnership between researchers and the communities who are the focal point of the research. 34 Our goal was to leverage the lived experiences of CAB members to complement the SSVS method in identifying potential factors related to PEP awareness among LSMM. ...
... Decreased access to routine mental health care also poses a risk, given the prevalence of dual diagnosis in this population and increased mental health issues associated with physical distancing (Dunlop et al., 2020;Khatri & Perrone, 2020;Shuler et al., 2017). We expect increased or return to substance use due to stress, isolation, or grief, as seen with past natural disasters and public health crises (Garfin et al., 2014;Ma & Smith, 2017;North & Pfefferbaum, 2013;Volkow, 2020;Wagner et al., 2009), and as recent surges in alcohol sales suggest (Pollard et al., 2020). ...
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... Surprisingly, hazardous alcohol use was significantly associated only with having experienced an 'other' type of PTE and with a greater number of PTEs in multivariable models. This is in contrast to previous research that has found many PTEs to be associated with substance use, including in SSA [59,60]. However, we are not aware of prior research on the relationship between PTEs and alcohol use among PWH in Cameroon. ...
... In particular, Morgan et al. [14] reported IHDS as only 50% sensitive in detecting asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment even after demographically adjusting the cut-off. These cognitive screeners, when used alone, often possess an unsatisfactory sensitivity and reliability in detecting mild neurocognitive impairment in HIV populations [15,16]. No single tool was proven to be ideal in screening for symptomatic HAND in a 2016 study by Joska et al. [17] to which the authors proposed using additional tests or combined screeners for increased accuracy. ...
... Living with HIV/AIDS is also likely to be a life changing experience (Schwartzberg, 1992). Arguments have been made in the literature that this process could also be traumatic, because the individual usually has to adjust to changes in health and interpersonal relationships (Brief, Vielhauer, & Keane, 2006). In addition, there may be higher rates of previous trauma exposure and PTSD in people living with HIV/AIDS than in the general population, because many of the high risk behaviors that could expose someone to traumatic experiences could also increase the risk of HIV. ...
