Mazda Jenab's research while affiliated with International Agency for Research on Cancer and other places
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Publications (456)
Background
Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP-4) is a lipid-binding adipokine upregulated in obesity, which may facilitate fatty acid supply for tumor growth and promote insulin resistance and inflammation and may thus play a role in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. We aimed to investigate the association between circulating FABP-4 and CRC and...
Purpose:
Resistin, a novel pro-inflammatory protein implicated in inflammatory processes, has been suggested to play a role in colorectal development. However, evidence from observational studies has been inconsistent. Mendelian randomization may be a complementary method to examine this association.
Methods:
We conducted a two-sample Mendelian...
Introduction
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the outer membrane component of Gram-negative bacteria. LPS-binding protein (LBP) is an acute-phase reactant that mediates immune responses triggered by LPS and has been used as a blood marker for LPS. LBP has recently been indicated to be associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD) in small-scale retrospective...
Background
Obesity has been positively associated with gastric cancer. Excess fat impacts hormones, which have been implicated in carcinogenesis. We investigated obesity-related hormones and cardia gastric cancer (CGC) and non-cardia gastric cancer (NCGC) risk.
Methods
Nested case–control studies were conducted within the European Prospective Inve...
Purpose
The incidence of small intestinal cancer (SIC) is increasing, however, its aetiology remains unclear due to a lack of data from large-scale prospective cohorts. We examined modifiable risk factors in relation to SIC overall and by histological subtype.
Methods
We analysed 450,107 participants enrolled in the European Prospective Investigat...
Hepatobiliary cancers (HBC), including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cancers of the biliary tract, share high mortality and rising incidence rates. They may also share several risk factors related to unhealthy Western-type dietary and lifestyle patterns as well as increasing body weights and rates of obesity. Recent data also suggest a role fo...
Background
Amino acid metabolism is dysregulated in colorectal cancer patients; however, it is not clear whether pre-diagnostic levels of amino acids are associated with subsequent risk of colorectal cancer. We investigated circulating levels of amino acids in relation to colorectal cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer...
Background:
Iron is an essential micronutrient with differing intake patterns and metabolism between men and women. Epidemiologic evidence on the association of dietary iron and its heme and non-heme components with colorectal cancer (CRC) development is inconclusive.
Methods:
We examined baseline dietary questionnaire-assessed intakes of total,...
Glyceraldehyde-derived advanced glycation end products (glycer-AGEs) could contribute to colorectal cancer development and progression due to their pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory properties. However, the association of glycer-AGEs with mortality after colorectal cancer diagnosis has not been previously investigated. Circulating glycer-AGEs were...
Background
Observational studies have linked childhood obesity with elevated risk of colorectal cancer; however, it is unclear if this association is causal or independent from the effects of obesity in adulthood on colorectal cancer risk.
Methods
We conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to investigate potential causal relationships betw...
Background:
Higher dietary calcium consumption is associated with lower colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. However, little data are available on the association between circulating calcium concentrations and CRC risk.
Objectives:
To explore the association between circulating calcium concentrations and CRC risk using data from 2 large European prospe...
Resistin is a polypeptide implicated in inflammatory processes, and as such could be linked to colorectal carcinogenesis. In case-control studies, higher resistin levels have been found in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients compared to healthy individuals. However, evidence for the association between pre-diagnostic resistin and CRC risk is scarce. W...
Background
Epidemiological studies of associations between metabolites and cancer risk have typically focused on specific cancer types separately. Here, we designed a multivariate pan-cancer analysis to identify metabolites potentially associated with multiple cancer types, while also allowing the investigation of cancer type-specific associations....
Background:
The subtypes of gastric cancer (GC) and oesophageal cancer (EC) manifest distinct epidemiological profiles. Here, we aim to examine correlations in their incidence rates and to compare their temporal changes globally, both overall and by subtype.
Methods:
Long-term incidence data were obtained from population-based registries availab...
Introduction:
We investigated the impact of changes in lifestyle habits on colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in a multi-country European cohort.
Methods:
We used baseline and follow-up questionnaire data from the EPIC cohort to assess changes in lifestyle habits and their associations with CRC development. We calculated a healthy lifestyle index (HLI...
Background
Alcohol intake is an established risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC); however, there is limited knowledge on whether changing alcohol drinking habits during adulthood modifies CRC risk.Objective
Leveraging longitudinal exposure assessments on alcohol intake at different ages, we examined the relationship between change in alcohol int...
Background
Observational studies have linked childhood obesity with elevated risk of colorectal cancer, however, it is unclear if this association is causal or independent from the effects of obesity in adulthood on colorectal cancer risk.
Methods
We conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to investigate potential causal relationships betw...
Background
The role of elevated pre-diagnostic C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations on mortality in individuals with colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear.
Methods
We investigated the association between pre-diagnostic high-sensitivity CRP concentrations and CRP genetic variation associated with circulating CRP and CRC-specific and all-cause...
Background
Epidemiological studies of associations between metabolites and cancer risk have typically focused on specific cancer types separately. Here, we designed a multivariate pan-cancer analysis to identify metabolites potentially associated with multiple cancer types, while also allowing the investigation of cancer type-specific associations....
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) may promote oxidative stress and inflammation and have been linked to multiple chronic diseases, including cancer. However, the association of AGEs with mortality after colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis has not been previously investigated. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate h...
Background:
Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs with fecal sample collection may provide a platform for population-based gut microbiome-disease research. We investigated sample collection and storage methods impact on the accuracy and stability of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA genes and bacterial quantity across seven different collectio...
Bile acids (BA) play different roles in cancer development. Some are carcinogenic and BA signaling is also involved in various metabolic, inflammatory, and immune-related processes. The liver is the primary site of BA synthesis. Liver dysfunction and microbiome compositional changes, such as during hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development, may mo...
A higher selenium (Se) status has been shown to be associated with lower risk for colorectal cancer (CRC), but the importance of Se in survival after CRC diagnosis is not well studied. The associations of prediagnostic circulating Se status (as indicated by serum Se and selenoprotein P (SELENOP) measurements) with overall and CRC-specific mortality...
Background and aims:
Gastrointestinal cancer risk is influenced by the presence of metabolic syndrome [MetS]. However, previous epidemiological studies lacked full serological biomarker data for the classification of MetS and the interaction of MetS with germline cancer risk variants is unknown.
Methods:
We investigated the associations between...
The relationship between cancer and COVID-19 infection and severity remains poorly understood. We conducted a population-based cohort study between 1 March and 6 May 2020 describing the associations between cancer and risk of COVID-19 diagnosis, hospitalisation, and COVID-19-related death. Data was obtained from the SIDIAP database, including prima...
Pooling metabolomics data across studies is often desirable to increase the statistical power of the analysis. However, this can raise methodological challenges as several preanalytical and analytical factors could introduce differences in measured concentrations and variability between datasets. Specifically, different studies may use variable sam...
Dietary advanced glycation end-products (dAGEs) have been hypothesized to be associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) by promoting inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and oxidative stress in the colonic epithelium. However, evidence from prospective cohort studies is scarce and inconclusive. We evaluated CRC risk associated with th...
Background
Colorectal cancer represents a major public health concern and there is a worrying tendency of increasing incidence rates among younger people in the last decades. Risk stratification of high-risk individuals may aid targeted disease prevention. We therefore aimed to evaluate the predictive value of a wide range of lifestyle and biomarke...
Background
Metabolomics studies in cancer epidemiology have mostly focused on single metabolite-cancer site associations. Pan-cancer analyses may have larger statistical power when identifying metabolites showing consistent associations across cancer sites, while allowing the identification of site-specific associations.
Methods
Data from seven ca...
Pooling metabolomics data across studies is often desirable to increase the statistical power of the analysis. However, this can raise methodological challenges as several preanalytical and analytical factors could introduce differences in measured concentrations and variability between datasets. Specifically, different studies may use variable sam...
Background: Alcohol is an established risk factor for several cancers, but modest alcohol-cancer associations may be missed due to measurement error in self-reported assessments. The identification of biomarkers of habitual alcohol intake may enhance evidence on the role of alcohol in cancer onset.
Methods: Untargeted metabolomics was used to ident...
Calcium intake has been associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the role of germline genetics and the molecular mechanisms underlying this association have not been fully elucidated. In previous gene-environment studies, several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including some associated with genes involved in ca...
Background:
Alcohol is an established risk factor for several cancers, but modest alcohol-cancer associations may be missed due to measurement error in self-reported assessments. Biomarkers of habitual alcohol intake may provide novel insight into the relationship between alcohol and cancer risk.
Methods:
Untargeted metabolomics was used to iden...
Objectives: To investigate the associations between cancer and risk of outpatient COVID-19 diagnosis, hospitalisation, and COVID-19-related death, overall and by years since cancer diagnosis (<1-year, 1-5-years, >5-years), sex, age, and cancer type.
Design: Population-based cohort study
Setting: Primary care electronic health records including ~80%...
Background
The mechanisms underlying the obesity-cancer relationship are incompletely understood. This study aimed to characterise metabolic signatures of greater body size and to investigate their association with two obesity-related malignancies, endometrial and colorectal cancers, and with weight loss within the context of an intervention study....
Epidemiologic studies examining the association between specific fatty acids and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk are inconclusive. We investigated the association between dietary estimates and plasma levels of individual and total saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), industrial‐processed trans (iTFA), and ruminant‐sourced trans (rTFA) fatty acids,...
Experimental evidence has implicated genotoxic Escherichia coli (E. coli) and enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, evidence from epidemiological studies is sparse. We therefore assessed the association of serological markers of E. coli and ETBF exposure with odds of developing CRC in th...
Accumulating evidence indicates that breakdown of the+ protective mucosal barrier of the gut plays a role in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Inflammation and oxidative stress in the colonic epithelium are thought to be involved in colorectal carcinogenesis and the breakdown of the integrity of the colonic barrier may increase the exposure of c...
Background:
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for more than 80% of kidney cancers in adults and obesity is a known risk factor. Regular consumption of sweetened beverages has been linked to obesity and several chronic diseases including some types of cancer. It is uncertain whether soft drink and juice consumption is associated with risk of RCC....
Calcium intake has been associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the role of germline genetics and the molecular mechanisms underlying this association have not been fully elucidated.
Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) may contribute to liver carcinogenesis because of their pro‐inflammatory and pro‐oxidative properties. Diet is a major source of AGEs, but there is sparse human evidence on the role of AGEs intake in liver cancer aetiology. We examined the association between dietary AGEs and the risk of hepatobiliary cancers i...
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are a heterogeneous group of compounds formed by the non-enzymatic reaction between amino-acids and reducing sugars, or dicarbonyls as intermediate compounds. Experimental studies suggest that AGEs may promote colorectal cancer, but prospective epidemiologic studies are inconclusive. We conducted a case-contro...
We investigated whether associations between prevalent diabetes and cancer risk are pertinent to older adults and whether associations differ across subgroups of age, body weight status or levels of physical activity.
We harmonised data from seven prospective cohort studies of older individuals in Europe and the United States participating in the C...
Background: Alcohol is an established risk factor for several cancers, but modest alcohol-cancer associations may be missed due to measurement error in self-reported assessments. The identification of biomarkers of habitual alcohol intake may enhance evidence on the role of alcohol in cancer onset.
Methods: Untargeted metabolomics was used to ident...
Objective
An understanding of the etiologic heterogeneity of colorectal cancer (CRC) is critical for improving precision prevention, including individualized screening recommendations and the discovery of novel drug targets and repurposable drug candidates for chemoprevention. Known differences in molecular characteristics and environmental risk fa...
Background:
A growing body of evidence suggests that alterations of dietary fatty acid (FA) profiles are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. However, data from large-scale epidemiological studies using circulating FA measurements to objectively assess individual FA and FA categories are scarce.
Methods:
To investigate the association b...
Background
Nutrition and lifestyle have been long established as risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC). Modifiable lifestyle behaviours bear potential to minimize long-term CRC risk; however, translation of lifestyle information into individualized CRC risk assessment has not been implemented. Lifestyle-based risk models may aid the identificati...
Background & aims: Colorectal cancer risk can be lowered by adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) guidelines. We derived metabolic signatures of adherence to these guidelines and tested their associations with colorectal cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC)...
Objective
Metals have been suggested as a risk factor for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but only retrospective studies are available to date. We compared metal levels in prospectively collected blood samples from ALS patients and controls, to explore whether metals are associated with ALS mortality.
Methods
A nested ALS case–control study w...
Background:
Overexpression of the receptor for advanced glycation end-product (RAGE) has been associated with chronic inflammation, which in turn has been associated with increased colorectal cancer risk. Soluble RAGE (sRAGE) competes with RAGE to bind its ligands, thus potentially preventing RAGE-induced inflammation.
Methods:
To investigate wh...
Background
Prior research suggested a differential association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) metabolites with type 2 diabetes (T2D), with total 25(OH)D and 25(OH)D3 inversely associated with T2D, but the epimeric form (C3-epi-25(OH)D3) positively associated with T2D. Whether or not these observational associations are causal remains uncertain. W...
Purpose
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) can be formed in foods by the reaction of reducing sugars with proteins, and have been shown to induce insulin resistance and obesity in experimental studies. We examined the association between dietary AGEs intake and changes in body weight in adults over an average of 5 years of follow-up.
Methods
A...
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly fatal cancer with currently limited opportunities for early detection and effective treatment. Modifiable factors may offer pathways for primary prevention. In this study, the association between the Healthy Lifestyle Index (HLI) and PC risk was examined. Within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer a...
Objective:
To determine if the Food Standards Agency nutrient profiling system (FSAm-NPS), which grades the nutritional quality of food products and is used to derive the Nutri-Score front-of-packet label to guide consumers towards healthier food choices, is associated with mortality.
Design:
Population based cohort study.
Setting:
European Pr...
Background & aims:
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a neglected disease with substantial geographical variability: Chile shows the highest incidence worldwide, while GBC is relatively rare in Europe. Here we investigate the causal effects of risk factors considered in current GBC prevention programmes as well as C-reactive protein (CRP) level as a mark...
Background:
Bilirubin, a byproduct of hemoglobin breakdown and purported anti-oxidant, is thought to be cancer preventive. We conducted complementary serological and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to investigate whether alterations in circulating levels of bilirubin are associated with risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). We decided a priori to...
Low selenium status may be associated with increased risk of prostate cancer (PC), particularly aggressive PC, and variation in selenoprotein genes may constitute an important modifying factor. We aimed to investigate the association between two selenium status biomarkers [toenail selenium, plasma selenoprotein P (SELENOP)] and risk of advanced, hi...
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development entails changes in liver metabolism. Current knowledge on metabolic perturbations in HCC is derived mostly from case‐control designs, with sparse information from prospective cohorts. Our objective was to apply comprehensive metabolite profiling to detect metabolites whose serum concentrations are associat...
In 2017, 11 million deaths related to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) were attributable to dietary risk factors (GBD, 2019). Helping consumers make healthier food choices hence appears as one key strategy to prevent NCDs-related mortality. To this end, political authorities are considering implementing a simple label to reflect the nutritional qua...
Background
High intakes of whole-grains and cereal fiber have been consistently associated with lower risk of cardiometabolic diseases in observational studies. Yet, improved understanding about the underlying mechanisms is needed. We hypothesized that cereal fiber and whole-grain are associated with beneficial metabolic marker profiles.
Aim
To in...
Background
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) has a female predominance, although other biliary tract cancers (BTCs) such as extrahepatic and intrahepatic bile duct (EHBDC and IHBDC) and ampulla of Vater (AVC) have a male predominance. The role of female reproductive factors in BTC etiology remains unclear.
Methods
We pooled data from 19 studies of >1.5 mil...
Objective An understanding of the etiologic heterogeneity of colorectal cancer (CRC) is critical for improving precision prevention, including individualized screening recommendations and the discovery of novel drug targets and repurposable drug candidates for chemoprevention. Known differences in molecular characteristics and environmental risk fa...
Lower pre‐diagnostic circulating 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D)—considered the best marker of total vitamin D exposure—is associated with higher mortality risk among colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. However, it is unknown whether this association differs by the vitamin D‐binding protein (GC) isoform Gc2 (encoded by GC rs4588*C>A, Thr436Lys), which...
Background:
While Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the major cause of gastric cancer, it has also been suggested to be involved in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. However, prospective studies addressing H. pylori and CRC are sparse and inconclusive. We assessed the association of antibody responses to H. pylori proteins with CRC in the Euro...
Background: The first large-scale genome-wide association study of gallbladder cancer (GBC) recently identified and validated three susceptibility variants in the ABCB1 and ABCB4 genes for individuals of Indian descent. We investigated whether these variants were also associated with GBC risk in Chileans, who show the highest incidence of GBC world...
Pro‐inflammatory diets are associated with risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC), however inconsistencies exist in subsite‐ and sex‐specific associations. The relationship between CRC and combined lifestyle‐related factors that contribute towards a low‐grade inflammatory profile has not yet been explored. We examined the association between th...
Background:
Although lifestyle factors have been studied in relation to individual non-communicable diseases (NCDs), their association with development of a subsequent NCD, defined as multimorbidity, has been scarcely investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between five lifestyle factors and incident multimorbidity of c...
Background:
Higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin-D [25(OH)D] concentrations are consistently inversely associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in observational studies. However, it is unknown whether this association depends on the functional GC-rs4588*A (Thr436Lys) variant encoding the vitamin D-binding protein-2 (DBP2) isoform, which may af...
Experimental studies have reported on the anti-inflammatory properties of polyphenols. However, results from epidemiological investigations have been inconsistent, and especially studies using biomarkers for assessment of polyphenol intake have been scant. We aimed to characterize the association between plasma concentrations of 35 polyphenol compo...
Scope:
The goal of this work was to identify circulating biomarkers of habitual coffee intake using a metabolomic approach, and to investigate their associations with coffee intake in four European countries.
Methods and results:
Untargeted mass spectrometry-based metabolic profiling was performed on serum samples from 451 participants of the Eu...
Background:
There is a lack of prospective data on the potential association of Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) and colorectal cancer risk. In this study, we assessed whether antibody responses to F. nucleatum are associated with colorectal cancer risk in prediagnostic serum samples in the European Prospective Investigation into Nutrition a...
