October 2024
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17 Reads
Internet of Things
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October 2024
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17 Reads
Internet of Things
April 2024
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10 Reads
Enhancing the functionality of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) hinges on the robust exchange of real-time safety messages. These communications are critical for conveying traffic information, aiding drivers in accident prevention. Ensuring the prompt and dependable transmission of such messages is vital, necessitating effective channel access strategies. This study introduces a novel hybrid method that integrates Vehicular Deterministic Access (VDA) and Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) protocols. This approach also incorporates a specialized algorithm for prioritizing messages, thereby optimizing the reliability and efficiency of safety message communication in vehicular networks. The hybrid model synergizes the advantages of both VDA, which is effective under high-traffic conditions, and CSMA/CA, which is preferable for lower traffic scenarios. The addition of a message prioritization approach guarantees priority for urgent communications like Decentralized Environmental Notification Messages (DENMs). Through simulations conducted using the Artery framework, our hybrid approach demonstrates a significant enhancement in performance, achieving over 93% delivery rates for DENMs, while also minimizing collision risks across various channel utilizations. This research contributes valuable insights into developing effective communication frameworks for CAVs, offering a detailed evaluation of the balance between different access protocols and message prioritization strategies in the context of vehicular networks.
March 2024
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43 Reads
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4 Citations
Journal of Network and Systems Management
The Intelligent Transportation System protocol stack has revolutionized traffic efficiency and road safety applications in vehicular environments. This is due to the incorporation of the 802.11p standard in the 5.9 GHz band. This study introduces a novel architecture for vehicular communications. It employs Internet Protocol version 4 multicast over the 5.9 GHz band allocated for Intelligent Transportation Systems. The frequency band was designated by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute. Our proposed architecture addresses challenges in a specific urban use case. The use case involves a Level Crossing in Bordeaux. It focuses on the broadcast of Cooperative Awareness Message (CAM) and Decentralized Environmental Notification Message (DENM) to enhance road-user safety. To prevent accidents, we present an algorithm for CAM and DENM dissemination that ensures timely alerts for sudden vehicle blockage emergencies. Moreover, we introduce a comprehensive and optimized train braking strategy to further minimize accident risks. This strategy aims to provide efficient and timely train deceleration, allowing sufficient time for road users to clear the Level Crossing and mitigating the potential risk for collisions. We analyze End-to-End delay and Packet Reception Ratio to gauge our system’s performance. We also compare our edge-server-based architecture with cloud-based alternatives, showcasing improved latency and Packet Loss Rate in our approach. The obtained results illustrate the effectiveness of our edge-server-based architecture in the context of Intelligent Transportation Systems, particularly utilizing the 5.9 GHz band technology. The findings of this study provide a foundation for future deployments and improvements in urban environments, fostering safer and more reliable transportation systems.
February 2024
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26 Reads
Communications in Computer and Information Science
The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) relies heavily on Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communications to enhance traffic safety and reduce the risk of accidents. This is particularly critical in level crossing scenarios where rail communications rely on their own infrastructure with unique access technology and message types. Solutions for safer level crossings need to be practical and suitable for implementation. In response, researchers have proposed Edge computing solutions, an IT architecture that processes data locally at the network's edge rather than in a central data center. This approach allows for real-time analysis of extensive data generated by connected devices. In this paper, we present a novel Edge computing infrastructure for safer level crossings, leveraging Cooperative Awareness Message (CAM) and Decentralized Environmental Notification Message (DENM) exchanges to identify hazardous situations. Our proposed solution integrates Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) G5 and cellular 4G/5G V2X communication, optimized by a new algorithm for managing road-rail infrastructure in the Edge node. Our algorithm ensures Quality of Service (QoS) for V2X communications and enables road operators to prevent level crossing accidents. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach through simulations of different use cases and scenarios using OMNET++, SUMO, and Unity 3D.
January 2024
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2 Reads
July 2023
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46 Reads
The Intelligent Transportation System protocol stack (ITS-G5/802.11p) has revolutionized traffic efficiency and road safety applications in vehicular environments. This study presents a novel architecture for communications, utilizing IPv4 mul-ticast over 802.11p/ETSI ITS-G5, which addresses the challenges of a specific urban use case involving a Level Crossing (LC) in Bordeaux. Our proposed architecture focuses on the broadcast of Cooperative Awareness Message (CAM) and Decentralized Environmental Notification Message (DENM) to enhance road user safety. To prevent accidents, an algorithm for CAM and DENM dissemination has been devised, ensuring timely alerts for sudden vehicle blockage emergencies. Moreover, a comprehensive and optimized train braking strategy is introduced to further minimize accident risks. This strategy aims to provide efficient and timely train deceleration, allowing sufficient time for road users to clear the level crossing and mitigating the potential for collisions. To evaluate the system’s performance , we analyze key metrics, including End-to-End (E2E) delay and Packet Reception Ratio (PRR). Furthermore, our work includes a comparative analysis between our proposed edge-server-based architecture and a cloud-based architecture. This analysis provides valuable insights into the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. Through comprehensive experimentation and evaluation, our proposed approach demonstrates its efficiency and effectiveness in mitigating accidents and enhancing road safety. By leveraging the capabilities of ITS-G5, our research contributes to the advancement of communication systems for intelligent transportation. The findings of this study provide a foundation for future 1 deployments and improvements in urban environments, fostering safer and more reliable transportation systems.
June 2023
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15 Reads
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1 Citation
October 2022
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15 Reads
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5 Citations
... Alibaba Cloud Server ECS (Elastic Compute Service) is one of the cloud computing services provided by Alibaba Cloud, which provides users with scalable virtual cloud servers, allowing them to create and manage virtual server instances in the cloud to meet various computing needs [15]. Local servers and cloud servers have been widely used in meteorology [16], industry [17,18], emergency management [19], etc. ECS also has mature security mechanisms such as firewalls, which provide security technical support for developers with weak back-end skills. At the same time, ECS has a high degree of freedom and control, and can replace the server's operating system and hardware configuration. ...
March 2024
Journal of Network and Systems Management
... The packet reception ratio (PRR) between transmitter and receiver and the end-to-end (E2E) delay are common performance metrics to evaluate communication reliability and latency. According to a literature survey, a messaging strategy based on ITS-G5 was developed to send urgent notifications to road users, and the evaluated performance at a chosen site reported that the PRR value for V2V transmissions varied when the number of cars and their speeds increased [3]. A vehicular ad hoc network (VANET), an ITS-G5 and 5G test network, with drone-assisted communication, was proposed to improve the communication range [4]. ...
October 2022