March 1978
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26 Reads
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20 Citations
Journal of Abnormal Psychology
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 1977. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-120).
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March 1978
·
26 Reads
·
20 Citations
Journal of Abnormal Psychology
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 1977. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-120).
February 1978
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18 Reads
·
31 Citations
Journal of Abnormal Psychology
Three studies, employing 132 undergraduates, tested predictions derived from M. E. Seligman's (1975) helplessness model of depression. The 1st attempted to replicate the finding that depressed individuals evidence a perception of noncontingency, manifest in a failure to adjust predictions of future success in a skill task on the basis of past success. The prediction was not supported: Depressed and nondepressed Ss did not differ on measures of perceived noncontingency. Exp II tested the prediction that Ss in whom helplessness had been induced would evidence a perception of noncontingency, measured as in Exp I; this prediction was not supported, though helplessness Ss did report greater depression than controls, as predicted by the model. Exp III successfully replicated the finding that in depressed individuals there is a diminution of learning and problem solving, as manifest in poorer ability to solve anagrams; however, this was not accompanied by differences in self-reported perceived noncontrol. The present studies cast doubt on the claim that the perception of noncontingency plays a role in depression.
... Some of these studies have also included a straightforward comparison of dysphoric and nondysphoric Ss on the task. Of these, several have found evidence of deficits in task performance in dysphoric compared with control Ss (Klein, Fencil-Morse & Seligman, 1976;Miller & Seligman, 1975;Willis & Blaney, 1978, Experiment 3), while others have not (Gotlib & Asamow, 1979;Sacco & Hokanson, 1978). All five of these studies used similar methods of S recruitment, and Ss showed similar scores on the BDI. ...
Reference:
Reasoning processes in depression
February 1978
Journal of Abnormal Psychology
... Consistent with this interpretation, Garber and Hollon (1980) found that although depressed and nondepressed students did not differ in their expectancy changes for how well they expected others to do, the depressed students showed smaller changes for their estimates of success for themselves. It must be noted that the hypothesis that depressed persons see themselves as personally helpless in task situations has been contradicted by repeated failures to find depressionassociated differences in ratings of control (e.g., Abramson, Garber, et al., 1978; Garber & Hollon, 1980; Rizley, 1978; Willis & Blaney, 1978), In addressing this issue, a number of writers have suggested that measures of expectancy change may be in some ways reactive to the experimental situation. Mischel (1958) has argued that the overt verbalization of expectancies increases subjects' commitment to the specific values of these expectancies, and therefore reduces change. ...
March 1978
Journal of Abnormal Psychology