Matthias J. Borgers’s research while affiliated with Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and other places

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Publications (22)


Wettelijk overgangsrecht en rechterlijke anticipatie ter zake van het gemoderniseerde Wetboek van Strafvordering
  • Article

July 2019

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4 Reads

Tijdschrift Modernisering Strafvordering

M.J. Borgers

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Wettelijk overgangsrecht en rechterlijke anticipatie ter zake van het gemoderniseerde Wetboek van Strafvordering

February 2019

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17 Reads

Platform Modernisering Strafvordering

Wettelijk overgangsrecht en rechterlijke anticipatie ter zake van het gemoderniseerde Wetboek van Strafvordering De inwerkingtreding van het gemoderniseerde Wetboek van Strafvordering zal gepaard gaan met vragen van overgangsrechtelijke aard. Op dit moment heeft de minister nog niet voorzien in overgangsrecht. In deze bijdrage wordt besproken hoe de contouren van dat overgangsrecht eruit zouden kunnen zien. Daarnaast wordt de vraag besproken in hoeverre de rechter, voorafgaand aan de inwerkingtreding, kan anticiperen op het gemoderniseerde wetboek bij de uitleg van de huidige wettelijke bepalingen.


Suspending re-offending? Comparing the effects of suspended prison sentences and short-term imprisonment on recidivism in the Netherlands

October 2014

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191 Reads

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11 Citations

European Journal of Criminology

In the Netherlands, suspended sentences are increasingly imposed as alternatives to short-term imprisonment in an attempt to reduce recidivism. However, little research has been done to examine recidivism outcomes after suspended sentences. This study used official data on adult offenders sentenced to either fully suspended prison sentences or short-term imprisonment in the court districts of Amsterdam and The Hague (n = 2115). Using propensity score matching, no significant differences in the risk of reconviction between the two sentences were found. Regarding criminal history, first offenders given fully suspended prison sentences had a higher risk of being reconvicted than first offenders sentenced to short-term imprisonment. In contrast, recidivists sentenced to short-term imprisonment had a higher risk of being reconvicted.


Table 1 . Descriptive statistics and correlations (n = 656). 
Figure 2. Interaction between political orientation, PPS and GASS. 
Exploring public support for suspended sentences in the Netherlands
  • Article
  • Full-text available

March 2014

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125 Reads

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1 Citation

European Journal of Criminology

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Using data from a representative sample of the Dutch population (n = 656), we examined to what extent confidence in the criminal justice system, punitive penal attitudes and political orientation relate to public support for suspended sentences. Mediation and moderation analyses were done to further explore the dynamics behind public support for suspended sentences. Results showed that confidence in the criminal justice system, punitive penal attitudes and political orientation were related to public support for suspended sentences. In addition, support was found for our mediation and moderation hypothesis. In our conclusion we illustrate the importance of examining these factors in determining public support for suspended sentences.

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Reconviction Rates After Suspended Sentences

October 2013

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23 Reads

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2 Citations

International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology

Previous research has focused mainly on determining the effectiveness of suspended sentences compared with other sentences, and seldom on understanding to what extent the different types of suspended sentences reduce recidivism rates. This study examined reconviction rates of offenders (N = 1,258) who received fully or partly suspended prison sentences, with or without special conditions, in 2006 in two of the largest court districts in the Netherlands. Cox proportional hazard models revealed no difference in reconviction rates between fully and partly suspended prison sentences, with and without special conditions. However, suspended sentences without special conditions had significantly lower reconviction rates compared with special conditions that were solely control-orientated. Although there are indications that certain types of suspended sentences reduced reconviction rates more than other types, more rigorous research is still required.


The Netherlands: Statutory Balancing and a Choice of Remedies

October 2013

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215 Reads

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8 Citations

The search for the truth has always dominated Dutch Criminal Procedure, as it has most continental European criminal justice systems. The Dutch Code of Criminal Procedure, however, contains a provision that allows for exclusion of illegally gathered evidence, whether in violation of statutory rules or constitutional commands, after the judge engages in balancing various interests laid out in the statute. The Dutch provision says that, if a violation cannot be “remedied”, a concept often applied to certain “nullities” which can be “purged” or remedied, then the judge, taking into account the importance of the interest the rule protected, the seriousness of the violation, and the harm it caused to the rights of the defendant. If the judge finds a remedy is merited, he or she has several options. The most severe is to dismiss the entire criminal action, a remedy that is also available theoretically for the most serious “nullities”. The second option would be to prevent use of the evidence at trial, and the third, would be to reduce the defendant’s punishment due to the violation, but allow the evidence to be used at trial. This chapter thoroughly explores how the statutory provision is applied in different kinds of cases involving violations of the right to privacy and the right to silence and other rules relating to interrogations.


Framework Decision on Combating Terrorism: Two Questions on the Definition of Terrorist Offences

June 2012

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13 Reads

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9 Citations

New Journal of European Criminal Law

This contribution discusses two questions arising in relation to the definition of terrorist offences in the Framework Decision on combating terrorism. Firstly, the question is considered as to what extent this definition contains a requirement of endangerment that Member States have to include in their national legislation. Secondly, the Framework Decision’s significance for the position of activists, demonstrators and strikers will be addressed.



Mutual Recognition and the European Court of Justice

April 2010

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68 Reads

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1 Citation

This paper centres on the question of the way in which the European Court of Justice (ECJ) gives shape to its role in the development of the principle of mutual recognition in criminal matters. It should be noted first of all in this regard that the number of cases in which the ECJ has ruled on issues relating to mutual recognition in criminal matters has been small up to now. The cases at hand nevertheless give a relatively clear idea of how the ECJ construes its role in these cases. In this paper, I will deal first in a more general sense with the obligation to interpret national legislation in conformity with framework decisions (section 2) and with the meaning of the concept of uniform and autonomous interpretation in explaining Union law (section 3). I then discuss the case law of the ECJ on the ne bis in idem principle of Article 54 CISA (section 4) and on the term ‘staying’ in Article 4 (6) of the EAW Framework Decision (section 5). Consecutively, I illustrate the importance of the case law of the ECJ on the basis of a Dutch case in which the issue was brought up of the extent to which the competent Dutch authorities may require that the text or a translation of the text of the applicable statutory pro-visions must be enclosed with a European arrest warrant (section 6). I end with several conclusions and - in view of the Treaty of Lisbon - an outlook for the near future (section 7).



Citations (10)


... Pero, por otra parte, los autores que estudian la comparativa con las penas cortas de prisión y, además, controlan en mayor o menor medida el perfil de los delincuentes (Aarten et al., 2014;Killias et al., 2000) llegan a la conclusión que no se pueden observar diferencias significativas entre la eficacia de la prisión y la de las medidas comunitarias, de manera que no se puede considerar que la prisión incremente en mayor medida la reincidencia. Cuando menos, encuentran que las medidas comunitarias reducen más la reincidencia en delincuentes con antecedentes, mientras que la prisión lo hace más en delincuentes primarios (Killias et al., 2000). ...

Reference:

LAS MEDIDAS PENALES ALTERNATIVAS: ¿PREVIENEN DELITOS?: Revisión bibliográfica y estudio criminológico de la eficacia de las medidas penales alternativas aplicadas en Cataluña entre 2006 y 2020
Suspending re-offending? Comparing the effects of suspended prison sentences and short-term imprisonment on recidivism in the Netherlands
  • Citing Article
  • October 2014

European Journal of Criminology

... In het onderzoek van Abraham et al. (2007) gebeurde dat in ongeveer 30 procent van de zaken waarin bijzondere voorwaarden waren opgelegd. Aarten et al. (2013) vergeleken de recidive van vier groepen veroordeelden: geheel en gedeeltelijk voorwaardelijk veroordeelden, waarbij wel of geen bijzondere voorwaarden waren opgelegd. Zij controleerden voor verschillende achtergrondvariabelen, zoals het aantal eventuele eerdere veroordelingen en de ernst van het delict waarvoor de straf was opgelegd. ...

Reconviction Rates After Suspended Sentences
  • Citing Article
  • October 2013

International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology

... However, some of these initiatives seem to be more inspired by indignation over disappointing results, than by adequate insight into the practice of confiscation (see also Borgers and Simmelink, 2005b;Borgers et al., 2007). Looking at the parliamentary debate, some initiatives suggest that attrition is mainly caused by legislation or its implementation that is too lax. ...

Hoofdelijkheid bij ontneming van voordeel. Alweer een oplossing voor niet-bestaande problemen
  • Citing Article
  • January 2007

... Although the principle of mutual recognition in criminal matters, which is also the cornerstone of the special regime for the recognition of decisions on financial penalties, has been subject to legal research continuously, 6 less attention has been paid to special regime per se. The most complex research on this matter from EU law and Slovak national law perspective has been performed by Klimek and Záhora. ...

Mutual Recognition and the European Court of Justice: The Meaning of Consistent Interpretation and Autonomous and Uniform Interpretation of Union Law for the Development of the Principle of Mutual Recognition in Criminal Matters
  • Citing Article
  • March 2010

European Journal of Crime Criminal Law and Criminal Justice

... Meanwhile, in the Netherlands, although the constitutional rights protection in investigative stage is clearly explain in Article 10 (1) states that everyone has the right to respect privacy, with limitations that will be determined by or in accordance with law. Furthermore, in Article 12 regulates about the right to obtain identification and notification before walk into the some place, and regarding the right to privacy in the house, it is explicitly regulated in Article 12 (1) which states the right to be inviolable in the house (Stevens, 2010). It shows that carrying out investigations in the Netherlands, constitutional rights violators only can be justified based on the provisions of a special law that regulates the conditions which the power can be exercised. ...

The Use of Illegally Gathered Evidence in the Dutch Criminal Trial

SSRN Electronic Journal

... As was the case in the Constitutional Treaty, according to the Lisbon Treaty, the EU will succeed the Community as a single legal personality and the pillars structure will be abolished (Mitsilegas, 2008;166;Borgers and Kooijmans, 2008;379-395;Yakut, 2010;54-88). The Treaty of Lisbon was amended after the unsuccessful attempt to adopt the EU Constitution which clarified the requirements for comprehensive reform in the area of criminal law. ...

The Scope of the Community's Competence in the Field of Criminal Law
  • Citing Article
  • November 2008

European Journal of Crime Criminal Law and Criminal Justice

... Esta circunstancia, en opinión de Borgers (2007Borgers ( : 1369Borgers ( -1370, venía a confirmar que la «soberanía de los Estados miembros tiene más peso» en el tercer pilar que en el primer pilar, y así se puso de manifiesto, por lo demás, cuando varios Tribunales Constitucionales de Estados miembros, como el polaco, el alemán y el chipriota, anularon la normativa nacional de implementación de la Decisión Marco 2002/584/JAI por contravenir la prohibición constitucional de que los nacionales de dichos Estados sean extraditados. ...

Implementing Framework Decisions
  • Citing Article
  • September 2007

Common Market Law Review

... So it isn't necessary for readers to see Dredd's face, and I don't want [them] to" [48,75]. 9 Giddens sees the helmet's permanent 7 The concept of the "closing-down" function of juridical practice is addressed in Giddens's Anderson v Dredd [38], where the Presiding Judge considers Anderson J's claim that Dredd functions contrary to any concept of 'ethical judgement" by closing down meaning. The resolution, even in the rather contrary space of a Mega-city courtroom and a judge explaining in detail his/her reasoning, is that without closing down meaning in a particular context to a recognisable and singular meaning, judgement would be impossible [38,[394][395][396][397][398][399][400]. ...

The Meaning of the Precautionary Principle for the Assessment of Criminal Measures in the Fight Against Terrorism

Erasmus Law Review

... Lack of human capital is a serious constraint in the money laundering investigation area. This is because anti-money laundering investigation requires a level of complexity and sophistication that makes it a challenge for the FATF member countries in combating money laundering activities (Borgers and Moors, 2007). An inadequate deployment of money laundering investigators with knowledge of financial investigation has been a reason for the ineffectiveness of a country in combating money laundering. ...

Targeting the Proceeds of Crime: Bottlenecks in International Cooperation

European Journal of Crime Criminal Law and Criminal Justice

... The phrases 'shadow' or 'underground finance/banking' are usually employed to point to models of financial transactions whose major purpose is the avoidance of disclosure and declaration to formal authorities (Borgers, 2009). Another way of labelling the activity has also been put forward -"unlicensed moneylenders", which is often equated with loansharks (Collard et al, 2001). ...

Regulating and Combating Underground Banking
  • Citing Article
  • March 2009

Criminal Law Forum