Matthew B. Connior's research while affiliated with NorthWest Arkansas Community College and other places
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Publications (82)
Although it is known that southern flying squirrels (Glaucomys volans) nest in larger groups to offset the energetic costs of low temperatures, the influence of other variables on aggregation size remains relatively unknown. Therefore, the influence of environmental variables and individual characteristics of G. volans on nest box aggregation size...
Important observations of natural history often go unreported because they are not part of larger studies, but small details can provide insights that lead to interesting questions about ecological relationships or environmental change. We have compiled recent important observations of distribution, deformities, foods, parasites, and reproduction o...
Because meaningful observations of natural history are not always part of larger studies, important pieces of information often are unreported. Small details, however, can fill gaps in understanding and lead to interesting questions about ecological relationships or environmental change. We have compiled recent important observations of distributio...
Plagioporus ictaluri n. sp. and Plagioporus carolini n. sp. are described from the intestines of the Ouachita Madtom, Noturus lachneri, and the Banded Sculpin, Cottus carolinae, respectively, from adjacent drainages in Arkansas. The new species are morphologically most similar to 1 another and in turn similar to Plagioporus sinitsini, Plagioporus c...
Our objectives were to describe movement patterns and resource selection of Geomys breviceps (Baird's Pocket Gopher) within a Pinus palustris (Longleaf Pine) savannah ecosystem in west-central Louisiana. Radio-tagged Baird's Pocket Gophers exhibited high fidelity to burrow systems with a median interlocation distance of 0 m and median minimumconvex...
A new species of Eimeria Schneider, 1875 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) collected from an ornate box turtle, Terrapene ornata (Agassiz) from Arkansas, USA, is described. Oöcysts of Eimeria doddi n. sp. are ovoidal to ellipsoidal with a smooth, light to darker brown, bi-layered wall, measure 21.1 × 14.0 µm, and have a length/width (L/W) ratio of 1.5; bot...
Between March 2004 and December 2006, and again between March 2010 and June 2013, we examined a total of 70 individual herpetofaunal members from 9 counties and 4 biotic provinces of Texas for coccidians, helminths, and ectoparasites. Twenty-three of 42 (55%) of the amphibians and four of 28 (14%) of the reptiles were infected/infested including Gr...
Because meaningful observations of natural history are not always part of larger studies, important pieces of information often are unreported. Small details, however, can fills gaps in understanding and also lead to interesting questions about ecological relationships or environmental change. We have compiled recent observations of foods, reproduc...
Coccidian parasites (Protista: Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) commonly infect reptiles, and to a lesser degree, amphibians. The family Eimeriidae includes at least 18 genera and 3 of them, Caryospora, Eimeria, and Isospora have been reported previously from various Arkansas herpetofauna. Over the past 3 decades, our community collaborative effort has pro...
We collected rodents from 15 Arkansas Game and Fish Commission WMAs. Rodents were trapped from the WMAs during three 4-night sessions from July-September in 2002 and three 3-night sessions from July-September in 2003 and 2004, using Victor© mouse traps. A total of 97 rodents was collected and identified representing 10 species. Seven species of rod...
We examined 125 individual crayfish representing
9 species from Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Texas, U.S.A., for
the presence of the antennal gland digenetic trematode
Alloglossidium. Fifteen (12%) individuals were found to
harbor Alloglossidium progeneticum, which is reported for
the first time from the following second intermediate hosts:
2 of 7 (29%)...
A new species of coccidian (Protista: Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) collected from the faeces of a midland brown snake Storeria dekayi wrightorum Trapido (Ophidia: Colubridae) in Arkansas, USA, is described. Oöcysts of Isospora
holbrooki n. sp. are subspherical to ovoidal with a smooth, colourless, bi-layered wall, measure on average 27.1 × 24.0 µm, and...
We collected 18 Anaxyrus terrestris (Southern Toad) in March and May 2014 and July 2015 from Topsail Hill Preserve State Park, Walton County, FL, and examined them for helminth and arthropod parasites. Fourteen toads (78%) were infected or infested with parasites as follows: 2 (11%) with Megalodiscus temperatus, 1 (6%) with tetrathyridia of Mesoces...
The evolutionary consequences of changes in the complex life cycles of parasites are not limited to the traits that directly affect transmission. For instance, mating systems that are altered due to precocious sexual maturation in what is typically regarded as an intermediate host may impact opportunities for outcrossing. In turn, reproductive trai...
Between June 2013 and August 2014, four eastern coachwhips, Coluber flagellum flagellum were collected from Arkansas (n = 2) and Oklahoma (n = 2) and their faeces examined for coccidian parasites. One (25%) harboured an isosporan that we describe here as new. Oocysts of Isospora kiamichiensis sp. n. were spheroidal to subspheroidal with a uni-layer...
Forty-seven dark-sided salamanders (Eurycea longicauda melanopleura) were collected from 5 counties of northern Arkansas and examined for helminth parasites. Twenty-four (51%) were infected with 1 or more helminths, including 8 (17%) with Brachycoelium salamandrae, 8 (17%) with Bothriocephalus rarus, 3 (6%) with Omeia papillocauda, 5 (11%) with Osw...
During July 2014, 14 brown anoles, Anolis sagrei Duméril & Bibron were collected from Orange County, Florida, USA, and their faeces examined for coccidian parasites. One (7%) lizard harboured an eimerian that we describe here as new. Oöcysts of Eimeria garmani n. sp. were ellipsoidal with a uni-layered wall and measured 19.3 × 12.5 µm, with a lengt...
Many important details of vertebrate biology are unknown to the scientific community because the
observations are not part of a larger theoretical study. Yet, knowledge of such details not only fills gaps in understanding but also creates a framework for hypothesis building. We have collected observations of importance that can add to the growth of...
Between May 2012 and July 2013, 4 eastern hognose snakes (Heterodon platirhinos) were collected from Arkansas (n = 2) and Oklahoma (n = 2), U.S.A., and examined for coccidians. Feces from a single H. platirhinos from Arkansas, U.S.A., were found to be contain oocysts of Caryospora lampropeltis Anderson, Duszynski, and Marquardt, 1968. Oocysts obtai...
Between June 2012 and July 2013, 43 slender madtoms (Noturus exilis) and 21 Black River madtoms (Noturus maydeni) were collected from 4 counties of northern Arkansas and examined for helminths. Eleven (26%) slender madtoms were infected with digenean trematodes, including 3 (7%) with metacercaria of Posthodiplostomum minimum, 3 (7%) with Alloglossi...
We collected 50 three-toed box turtles (Terrapene carolina triunguis) from 9 counties of Arkansas and 4 counties of Oklahoma, and examined their feces for coccidial parasites. Nine of 24 (38%) turtles from Arkansas and 8 of 26 (31%) from Oklahoma were found to be passing oocysts of Eimeria ornata. This represents two new geographic distributional r...
Pocket gopher burrows were sampled from 22 counties within Arkansas to determine the associated faunal composition of three major families of Coleoptera (Histeridae, Leiodidae and Scarabaeidae) commonly associated with pocket gopher burrows. We collected eight species of Histeridae, four species of Leiodidae and eight species of Scarabaeidae from t...
Between February 2013 and October 2013, eleven tri-colored bats, Perimyotis subflavus were collected from Marion, Polk, and Searcy counties, Arkansas, and their faeces examined for coccidian parasites. Two of eleven (18%) harboured an eimerian that we describe here as new. Oocysts of Eimeria mcdanieli sp. n. were ellipsoidal to elongate with a bi-l...
Seventy-five ground skinks, Scincella lateralis from 13 counties in Arkansas (n = 55) and McCurtain County, Oklahoma (n = 20) were collected and examined for helminth and arthropod parasites. Thirty-nine (52%) harbored 1 or more helminth or ectoparasite, including 3 (4%) with the trematode Brachycoelium salamandrae, 2 (3%) with the cestode Oochoris...
Between November 2012 and July 2013, 34 banded sculpins (Cottus carolinae) were collected from 5 counties of northern Arkansas and examined for helminths. Five (19%) were infected with 1 or more helminths, including 2 (6%) with the trematode Crepidostomum cooperi, 3 (9%) with the trematode Plagioporus sp., 1 (3%) with the nematode Spiroxys sp., and...
Between April and October 2012, 20 juvenile and adult green frogs (Lithobates clamitans) were collected by hand or dipnet from 3 counties of Arkansas and examined for coccidial parasites. A single frog (5%) was found to be passing oocysts of a new eimerian species. Oocysts of Eimeria menaensis n. sp. were ellipsoidal to subspheroidal with a bilayer...
Forty-two individual amphibians and 37 reptiles from Arkansas, U.S.A., were examined for tetrathyridia of the cyclophyllidean cestode genus, Mesocestoides. The following herpetofauna were found to be infected with encapsulated or free tetrathyridia of this tapeworm, 1 of 25 (4%) spotted salamanders, Ambystoma maculatum; 1 of 17 (6%) western slimy s...
Between February 2011 and January 2014, 75 ground skinks, Scincella lateralis (Say) were collected from 13 counties of Arkansas and McCurtain County, Oklahoma, USA, and examined for coccidia. Two (3%) and 11 (15%) S. lateralis were found to be passing oöcysts of a new choleoeimerian and isosporan, respectively. Oöcysts of Choleoeimeria ouachitensis...
Undocumented diversity of freshwater plagioporines (Digenea: Opecoelidae) persists in the Nearctic. We report 5 undescribed species of Plagioporus Stafford, 1904 from freshwater fishes of Arkansas and Missouri. This includes the first report of Plagioporus of the Nearctic infecting cottids East of the Rocky Mountains and 2 undescribed Plagioporus s...
Abstract Between April 2012 and September 2013, feces from 18 green anoles, Anolis carolinensis from Arkansas (n = 14), Louisiana (n = 1), and Oklahoma (n = 3) were examined for coccidia. Two species of coccidians were found, including a new caryosporan and a new eimerian. Oocysts of Caryospora natchitochesensis n. sp. from a single A. carolinensis...
We examined the reproductive status of Baird's pocket gophers (Geomys breviceps) in Union Parish, Louisiana, for 18 months in 2010 and 2011. We found that pocket gophers were potentially reproductively active throughout the year, although the number of reproductively active gophers peaked during late spring through autumn. Our results are similar t...
Twenty-six spotted dusky salamanders (Desmognathus conanti) were collected from 2 counties of south-central Arkansas and examined for endoparasites. Only 3 (12%) were infected; 1 with the digene Brachycoelium salamandrae, 1 with a tetrathyridium of the cestode Mesocestoides sp., and 1 with a larval nematode, Porrocaecum sp., and an acanthocephalan...
Fifty-one Ozark zig-zag salamanders (Plethodon angusticlavius) were collected from 6 counties of northern Arkansas and examined for parasites. Eighteen (35%) were infected with 1 or more helminth or ectoparasite, including 6 (12%) with the cestode Cylindrotaenia americana, 1 (2%) with the capillarid nematode Amphibiocapillaria tritonispunctati, 12...
Nineteen adult Cajun chorus frogs, Pseudacris fouquettei, were collected in Union County, Arkansas, U.S.A. (n = 14), and Bowie County, Texas, U.S.A. (n = 5), and examined for parasites and symbiotic protozoa. All 19 frogs were infected with 1 or more species, including 18 (95%) with Opalina sp., 15 (79%) with Nyctotherus cordiformis, 6 (32%) with M...
Philobdella gracilis Moore, 1901 (Macrobdellidae: Hirudinida) is reported from Arkansas and Oklahoma for the first time. Specimens were collected in creeks and ponds. The Mississippi drainage distribution of P. gracilis and eastern distribution Philobdella floridana were confirmed by reexamination of museum specimens.
We present the results of an 18 mo survey of the seasonal activity and species composition of dung beetles (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae and Aphodiinae and Geotrupidae: Geotrupes) from a cattle pasture on Crowley's Ridge, Arkansas, and of 17 additional surveys, at various localities and habitats across Arkansas. Collections at the cattle pasture comp...
Geomys bursarius (Shaw, 1800) is a geomyid commonly called the plains pocket gopher. A stocky rodent morphologically adapted for a fossorial life, it is 1 of 11 species in the genus Geomys. It occurs in southern Manitoba, Canada, and throughout the central United States southward to Texas. It prefers open grasslands and agricultural fields and is c...
We provide an update on the species and distribution of shrews occurring in Arkansas. Shrews were collected within Arkansas Game and Fish Commission Wildlife Management Areas and along the Buffalo National River. We also searched mammal collections at several institutional museums to provide additional locality records for Cryptotis parva. Specimen...
Intense conversion of bottomland hardwood forests to rice and soybeans in the Mississippi River Valley of Arkansas has restricted the remaining forest to isolated fragments. Habitat fragmentation has proven to be detrimental to population sustainability of several species, and is the subject of intense study with often species and latitude specific...
Ozark pocket gophers, Geomys bursarius ozarkensis, are endemic to Izard County, Arkansas with a distribution of 2300 km2. Limited data exists on this subspecies; thus, we collected vegetation and soil habitat data within the current range. Pocket gophers were present in 11 named soil types with loamy sand being the most common texture. No statistic...
The Ozark pocket gopher (Geomys bursarius ozarkensis) has recently been described as a new subspecies of the plains pocket gopher (G. bursarius) inhabiting north-central Arkansas and is considered a ''species of greatest conservation need'' in Arkansas; therefore, research on spatial use and life-history characteristics were conducted via radio tel...
The Ozark Highlands Leech, Macrobdella diplotertia, occurs intermittently throughout Arkansas, Kansas, and Missouri. Limited natural history of this species is known. Herein, we report a new county occurrence for this leech from a cattle pond in southern Marion County, Arkansas. We also report on the seasonal activity and novel hosts of this specie...
Conventional attachment of radiotransmitters may not be feasible in pocket gophers due to their unique morphology and fossorial lifestyle. We implanted radiotransmitters subcutaneously in Ozark pocket gophers, Geomys, bursarius ozarkensis is, 3 March 2007-10 February 2008. Of the 72 surgeries, 70 were successful. We recaptured 22 individuals (range...
ABSTRACT—We presented a new trap for pocket gophers and compared its effectiveness with the Baker
and Williams live trap. Our box trap readily captured juveniles $44 g and adults #294 g. We had #50%
capture success. In general, capture success was similar to the Baker and Williams live trap. However,
analyses suggested that our trap was superior in...
We conducted a study of the amphibian, reptile, and small mammal community assemblage of Ozark pocket gopher (Geomys bursarius ozarkensis) habitat in north-central Arkansas. We used 2 methods to capture individuals: hand capture and drift fences. During the study, we captured and marked a total of 9 anuran, 4 salamander, 5 lizard, 3 turtle, 16 snak...
Pocket gopher burrows provide a stable environment for a variety of inquilines; hence this mammal is regarded as a keystone species. Most of the arthropods inhabiting pocket gopher burrows are restricted to this microhabitat. As part of a planned state-wide biotic survey of insects inhabiting this unusual microhabitat, we have focused our initial s...
AbstRACt In this checklist, I present the current known distribution of the mammals of Arkansas with pertinent information regarding rare, threatened, and endangered species. Since the latest publication on the mammals of Arkansas, several taxonomic and nomenclatural changes have occurred as well as changes in the known distributions of some specie...
Citations
... (Stihler et al., 1987;Layne and Raymond, 1994;Reynolds et al., 2009), and large vocal repertoires for intraspecific communication, including alarm and mating calls (Gilley et al., 2019;Diggins, 2021). Denning aggregations can occur year-round (Reynolds et al., 2009;Diggins and Ford, 2021;Doty et al., 2022), but aggregation size typically increases in winter to reduce thermoregulatory costs associated with colder months of the year (Muul, 1968;Stapp et al., 1991;Thorington et al., 2010). Denning aggregations can contain related and unrelated individuals (Thorington et al., 2010;Garroway et al., 2013), wherein related aggregations in spring and summer are typically natal aggregations (i.e., nursing mother and offspring; Doty et al., 2022). ...
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... We have been developing a series of articles to update the state of knowledge of the natural history of Arkansas's vertebrates (e.g. Tumlison et al. 1992, Tumlison and Robison 2010, Connior et al. 2011, 2012, 2014b. We augment current literature with new records of distribution and provide notes on the natural history of selected vertebrates from Arkansas. ...
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... This flea is a common ectoparasite of sciurids, including S. niger (Whitaker et al. 1976;Lewis 2000). Schiefer and Lancaster (1970) and McAllister et al. (2013) reported O. howardi previously from S. niger from the Arkansas Ozarks. Other hosts from the state include S. carolinensis, southern flying squirrel, Glaucomys volans (L.), and raccoon, Procyon lotor (L.) (McAllister et al. 2017). ...
... Although the Ozarks and the southern Appalachians are both dominated by deciduous forests with abundant headwater streams, rocky substrates, and high native stream biodiversity, there are no native Desmognathus salamanders in the Ozark highlands (Trauth et al., 2004). Previous studies have shown recruitment in the population of D. monticola, confirming a breeding population in Spavinaw Creek (Bonett et al., 2007;Connior et al., 2013). However, nothing is currently known about the distribution or abundance of D. monticola in northwest Arkansas, making it difficult to assess their status or potential threat to native species. ...
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... In terms of ectoparasites and other ectosymbionts, at least 43 species are known from B. carolinensis (Whitaker et al., 1994(Whitaker et al., , 2007. In Arkansas, 2 fleas, Ctenopthalmus pseudagyrtes and Doratopsylla blarinae; 4 mites, Echinonyssus blarinae, Glycyphagus hypudaei, Olistrophorus blarina, and Protomyobia blarinae; and a beetle, Leptinus americanus were reported from B. carolinensis from Union County (Connior et al., 2014). In Oklahoma, E. blarinae and O. blarina were reported from B. carolinensis from McCurtain County (McAllister and Durden, 2017). ...