Maryna Kravchenko’s research while affiliated with Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture and other places

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Publications (12)


Parameters included in the mathematical infiltration model considering HWC and the filtration coefficient
Impact of the area ratio A bassin /A sponge on the stormwater retention efficiency of the rain garden system considering HWC
Continued
Effect of the total depth of H sponge on the stormwater retention efficiency of the rain garden system considering HWC
Modelling infiltration processes in rain gardens: Influence of design parameters on hydrological efficiency
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December 2024

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5 Reads

Ecological Safety and Balanced Use of Resources

Maryna Kravchenko

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A rain garden is a stormwater management system designed for on-site water control. Suboptimal rain garden designs may compromise hydrological performance during operation, necessitating developing and validating a mathematical model for engineering calculations and design assessment. This study aimed to model infiltration processes in a rain garden using a mathematical framework that accounts for the height of the water column (HWC) on the surface and the filtration coefficient of soil materials, simulating system behaviour during an extreme rainfall event (36 mm/h). The developed model generated performance curves illustrating the rain garden’s efficiency as a function of design parameters: construction depth, catchment-to-garden area ratio, filtration coefficient, and water retention capacity (WRC). Key soil material parameters were determined experimentally under laboratory conditions. The infiltration performance of the system was evaluated by analysing the variation in infiltration time, saturation of all layers, and the water filling level of the rain garden resulting from adjustments to its parameters and changes in HWC on the surface. The modelling results indicated that the primary parameters influencing the predicted time for complete system saturation and HWC formation are the catchment-to-garden area ratio and the filtration coefficient. The WRC of soil materials and the depth of the system layers significantly impact the time required for full saturation and water filling but have minimal effect on the surface HWC. It was demonstrated that a rain garden with a depth of 1.2 m, a catchment-to-garden area ratio of 15, and a filtration coefficient of 100-200 cm/h functions effectively under critical rainfall intensities. The developed model and the resulting data, providing precise calculations and design recommendations, can be utilised by engineers and planners to optimise rain garden designs, thereby enhancing stormwater management efficiency

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Behaviour and Peculiarities of Oil Hydrocarbon Removal from Rain Garden Structures

June 2024

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58 Reads

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2 Citations

Water

Maryna Kravchenko

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The expansion of impervious areas in the context of climate change leads to an increase in stormwater runoff. Runoff from roads, petrol stations, and service stations is the most common form of unintentional release of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs). Rain gardens are an important practice for removing PHs from stormwater runoff, but little data exist on the removal efficiency and behaviour of these substances within the system. The main objective of the study is to investigate the effectiveness of rain gardens in removing pollutants such as diesel fuel (DF) and used engine oil (UEO) in a laboratory setting, as well as to study the behaviours of these pollutants within the system. Eight experimental columns (7.164 dm 3) were packed with soil (bulk density 1.48 kg/dm 3), river sand (1.6 kg/dm 3), and gravel. Plants of the Physocarpus opulifolia Diabolo species were planted in the topsoil to study their resistance to PHs. For 6 months, the columns were watered with model PHs followed by simulated rain events. The concentrations of PHs in the leachate and soil media of the columns were determined by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The results of HPLC indicated the absence of UEO and DF components in the leachates of all experimental columns, which suggested 100% removal of these substances from stormwater. The chromatography results showed that 95% of the modelled PHs were retained in the surface layer of the soil medium due to the sorption process, which led to a change in hydraulic conductivity over time. Recommendations are proposed to increase the service life of rain gardens designed to filter PHs from stormwater.


Figure 2. Curves of changes in the depth of saturation of the layers of the rain garden design in time depending on the ratio of A bassin /A sponge
Average monthly precipitation in Kyiv from January 2014 to December 2023
The economic impact of stormwater management in Example 1
The economic impact of stormwater management in Example 2
Analysis of alternative approaches to stormwater management and prospects for their implementation in Ukraine

May 2024

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45 Reads

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3 Citations

Ecological Safety and Balanced Use of Resources

Due to aging infrastructure, frequent wastewater network overflows, and potential charges for stormwater disposal, there is a need to find alternative approaches to stormwater management. Rain gardens and rainwater harvesting systems are widely used in local areas such as private homes, small businesses, and parking lots. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct an economic analysis of two alternative solutions – a storage tank with water reuse and a rain garden. The cost-benefit analysis was based on an evaluation of the effectiveness of each approach in reducing stormwater runoff volume and decreasing stormwater disposal fees in the wastewater network. The precipitation regime used for the calculations was selected based on data from 2014 to 2023 for the Kyiv. In the study, technical and economic aspects were considered as key factors in the decision-making process. The results of the economic sustainability analysis of both options using an example of an impermeable surface showed that both systems have an effective service life of approximately two years. The storage tank is an effective solution, reducing stormwater overflows and allowing the collected water to be reused for various purposes. However, the costs of construction and maintenance of the tank exceed the savings on stormwater disposal fees to the sewer system by almost twice, therefore the project is not economically viable in the initial period. The implementation of a rain garden design to reduce stormwater disposal fees to the wastewater network is the most cost-effective solution. Assuming that the effective use period of a rain garden design is 8-10 years, the accumulated savings on tariffs can range from €606.8 to €848.2. The introduction of financial incentives will help promote the implementation of alternative stormwater control solutions, leading to a range of environmental and economic benefits, such as reducing the impact of stormwater on the environment, protecting water resources, and potential savings in the construction and management of stormwater systems



Improving the Efficiency and Environmental Friendliness of Urban Stormwater Management by Enhancing the Water Filtration Model in Rain Gardens

May 2024

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89 Reads

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4 Citations

Water

Citation: Kravchenko, M.; Trach, Y.; Trach, R.; Tkachenko, T.; Mileikovskyi, V. Improving the Efficiency and Environmental Friendliness of Urban Stormwater Management by Enhancing the Water Filtration Model in Rain Gardens. Water 2024, 16, 1316. Abstract: Rain gardens are used to solve urban problems related to the negative impact of stormwater. (1) Scientific contributions from different countries provide general guidelines for the design and operation of rain gardens in different geographical areas. Given the small spatial scale of rain gardens, the use of existing infiltration models often leads to design errors. (2) The purpose of this paper is to develop a hydrological model by introducing a system of equations that extends the ability to calculate the rate, flow rate and time of saturation of layers with moisture and rainwater leakage from the rain garden system. (3) The results obtained allow us to describe the dynamic processes of passage and saturation of layers of the rain garden at a certain point in time, which extends the ability to calculate the flow rate. It was established that the smaller the area of the rain garden compared to the area of the catchment basin, the faster it reaches its full saturation. Increasing the thickness of the rain garden layers allows for an increase in the efficiency of water retention at a lower value of the area ratio. (4) The practical significance of the results obtained is especially important for the correct description of hydrodynamics in the system and determining the optimal conditions for the effective functioning and management of the rain garden structure for any climatic region.


Gas analyser readings in the inlet compartment, in the gas exchange compartment and in the outlet compartment
The degree of absorption of impurities and particles of a certain size by plants of the Ligustrum vulgare L. species
Research of gas exchange and air purification processes by plants of the common privet (Ligustrum vulgare L.) species

December 2023

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60 Reads

Ecological Safety and Balanced Use of Resources

Growing urbanization creates air pollution problems, which is becoming dangerous for human health and unsuitable for indoor ventilation. An effective solution is the combination of green structures with engineering systems, which requires the development of new methods and quantitative laboratory studies of gas and mass exchange processes of plants. The purpose of the study was to quantify the ability of plants of the common privet (Ligustrum vulgare L.) to release and absorb oxygen and СО2, as well as to study the effectiveness of air purification from particulate matter in order to properly take into account the impact of plants in the process of their selection for greening urban landscapes. The research was carried out according to the methodology developed by the authors in a gas exchange chamber, which was upgraded to model external conditions and study plants with small leaf area and developed stems. The results of the experiment showed that Ligustrum vulgare L. bushes with a small total photosynthetic leaf surface area are inefficient for carbon dioxide absorption in an urbanized environment, so plants with a significant proportion of photosynthetically active biomass and fast-growing plants should be preferred. It was determined that at maximum illumination, the degree of absorption of PM2.5 and PM10 by Ligustrum vulgare L. bushes was 8.84‧10-5...1.5‧10-4 μg/s, which confirms the effective absorption of particulate matter with a diameter of up to 2.5 and up to 10 μm from the air by the studied plants. The results obtained indicate an increase in the concentration of total volatile organic compounds in the outlet compartment, which indicates the active release of volatile phyto-organic substances by plants in the amount of 2.442...2.973 μg/s. The results of the study can be used for effective taxonomic selection of woody plants during the design and creation of urban green spaces that are resistant to the conditions of the urban environment


Simulation of Illumination and Wind Conditions for Green and Fed Cities Using CFD Software

November 2023

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44 Reads

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science

To avoid ecological catastrophe, most cities are moving toward green building. The critical component is greening – conventional and green structures. Urban agriculture is a very prospective direction. Green roofs, terraces, and rooftop greenhouses are the most promising places for growing. This solves multiple tasks: heat loss recovery for planting (for rooftop greenhouses), additional thermal insulation, optimized logistics, increasing pollinator populations, avoiding pests, etc. In different-height districts, there are problems with natural illumination and winds. No good urban wind theory has been developed. The winds can be simulated in CFD software using a 3D model of a district. Most of the software can simulate solar radiation for thermotechnical calculations only. It should be simulated in other special software. The approach to calculating solar radiation is proposed using CFD software without additional needs. The unique "integrator" material should be added to the engineering database. Its thermotechnical properties can be set to obtain a temperature numerically equal to the exciting parameter. Application is shown in an example of a different-height building with a green roof. The results show areas most favorable for growing photophilous and shade-tolerant plants and placing cleaning and phytoncidal plants for maximum air quality in stagnation zones.


Biotechnical approach for a continuous simultaneous increase of indoor and outdoor air quality

October 2023

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53 Reads

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3 Citations

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science

Phytofiltration is the most sustainable way to achieve a better quality of inlet air in buildings in a polluted environment. But they don’t take into account the biorhythms of plants and pollute the inlet air with CO 2 during breathing only time. We collected and analysed data about the biorhythms of plants. As a result, a new bi-directional phytofilter was offered for cleaning and oxygenation of the inlet ventilation air, and also to protect the environment by cleaning the exhaust air from different pollutants. The device has spaces with shifted illumination rhythms and a valve system. A controller directs the inlet air to the space(s), where plants release CO 2 . The outlet air runs through other spaces. Literature data show that in the less favourable case, the CO 2 and oxygen emissions are balanced per day without overall CO 2 gain to the environment. When plants are growing, they sequestrate CO 2 to catch greenhouse gas emissions. Either natural light, artificial light, or a combination of the two can be used. While the second option simply demands one plant metabolism type, the first option needs a combination of CAM metabolism and other plants


Simulation of Illumination and Wind Conditions for Green and Fed Cities Using CFD Software

To avoid ecological catastrophe, most cities are moving toward green building. The important component is greening – conventional and green structures. Urban agriculture is a very prospective direction. Green roofs, terraces, and rooftop greenhouses are the most promising places for growing. This solves multiple tasks: heat loss recovery for planting (for rooftop greenhouses), additional thermal insulation, optimized logistics, increasing pollinator populations, avoiding pests, etc. In different-height districts, there are problems with natural illumination and winds. No good urban wind theory has been developed. The winds can be simulated in CFD software using a 3D model of a district. Most of the software can simulate solar radiation for thermotechnical calculations only. It should be simulated in other special software. The approach to calculating solar radiation is proposed using CFD software without additional needs. The special material – "integrator" – should be added to the engineering database. Its thermotechnical properties can be set to obtain a temperature, numerically equal to the interesting parameter. Application is shown in an example of a different-height building with a green roof. The results show areas most favorable for growing photophilous and shadetolerant plants, and to place cleaning and phytoncidal plants for the maximum air quality in stagnation zones.


Comparison of rainwater management using traditional roofs, green roofs and modified with other green roof systems
Modification of the "green" roof using technical solutions to reduce the negative impact of stormwater in urban conditions

June 2023

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143 Reads

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4 Citations

Problems of Water supply Sewerage and Hydraulic

The effectiveness and shortcomings of the "green" roof in the management of rainwater in the urban environment are analyzed. The scheme of the construction of a typical "green" roof and its classification in terms of types are shown. The proposal to increase the efficiency of stormwater management with the help of "green" roofs, through their integration with other systems, that is, the creation and implementation of "hybrid green roofs" (Hybrid Green Roofs), is substantiated. The possibility of a "blue" roof as a rainwater management technology without vegetation, which allows for effective retention of rainwater, is analyzed. The design scheme and principle of operation of the "green-blue" roof are given, and a comparative analysis of its effectiveness in stormwater management with traditional and "green" roofs is made. The results of research are presented, which showed that the measured runoff of rainwater from a "blue" roof is about 0.45 dm3/s compared to a regular roof with a runoff volume of 1.55 dm3/s. On the other hand, the runoff from the "green-blue" roof is about 0.1 dm3/s, compared to the control roof (0.3 dm3/s). It is substantiated that a "green-blue" roof is more effective in retaining rain runoff during long-term precipitation than a "blue" roof. However, both options can be applied to urban buildings as effective methods of managing stormwater runoff in urban areas. The scheme of construction and the principle of operation of the "purple" roof is given - as a type of roof that includes a spongy layer of hydrophilic mineral wool, a dense layer of polyester fabric, and can include an additional cellular layer to increase the amount of rainwater that can be retained, thereby reducing peak flow up to 95%. The results of the study are presented, which confirm the technical feasibility of the "purple" roof technology in terms of slowing down the flow and reducing the volume of storm water during rainfall of various intensities. A "Purple" roof, based on the concept of "storage", is conceptually and technically different from a "green" roof and can effectively delay peak rainfall, thereby reducing the pressure on the local stormwater management system. Unlike a "green-blue" roof, a "purple" roof is passive in nature - water flows off without any mechanical drainage points to divert the water. A diagram characterizing the degree of retention of rainwater, depending on the intensity of precipitation, by different types of roofs is presented. The authors proposed a comparative analysis of rainwater runoff management using traditional roofs, "green" roofs, and roofs modified with other "green" roof systems.


Citations (5)


... In the process of preparing natural water, purification is carried out mainly via classical technology, which involves discolouration and clarification through specialized settling tanks and clarifiers, and filtration through either fast or slow filters (Kravchenko and Tkachenko, 2024). The preparation culminates in disinfection, preventing the presence of pathogenic substances. ...

Reference:

Application of Rapid Filters for Cleaning Natural Water in the Conditions of the Kyrgyz Republic
Analysis of alternative approaches to stormwater management and prospects for their implementation in Ukraine

Ecological Safety and Balanced Use of Resources

... The primary aim of the experimental setup was to investigate the filtration capabilities of rain gardens, specifically their ability to remove petroleum pollutants from simulated rainwater. Diesel fuel and used motor oil, the most common pollutants in this category, were selected for modelling petroleum hydrocarbons, as described in M. Kravchenko et al. (2024b). Concurrently with the experimental investigation, the WRC (Fig. 1b) and filtration coefficient ( Fig. 1c; Fig. 1d) of the soil materials were determined under laboratory conditions. ...

Behaviour and Peculiarities of Oil Hydrocarbon Removal from Rain Garden Structures

Water

... While this approach provides a physically robust and high-resolution simulation of infiltration processes, the model is not specifically tailored for rain gardens. In the study of М. Kravchenko et al. (2024a), a universal mathematical model was developed using Darcy's equation. This model offers a detailed description of infiltration processes at specific moments in time, incorporating the height of the water column (HWC) on the surface of the structure. ...

Improving the Efficiency and Environmental Friendliness of Urban Stormwater Management by Enhancing the Water Filtration Model in Rain Gardens

Water

... As noted by the authors [15,16], nature-based solutions also include the ecological building materials: natural raw materials obtained from the biological cycle, green building systems (systems for landscaping buildings), including green and living components, integrated into structures and used for afforestation of buildings, such as green roofs, green facades, living walls and house trees. Green solutions not only contribute to the cooling of the area, but also purify the air [17] and reduce noise impacts [18]. ...

Biotechnical approach for a continuous simultaneous increase of indoor and outdoor air quality

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science

... Reduces peak flow up to 90-95%, delay peak rainfall effectively, alleviate strain on local stormwater management systems, and aid in sustainable urban development. [12,[14][15][16]55,56] Underground water storage Germany ...

Modification of the "green" roof using technical solutions to reduce the negative impact of stormwater in urban conditions

Problems of Water supply Sewerage and Hydraulic