Marymegan Daly’s research while affiliated with The Ohio State University and other places

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Publications (5)


Bellactis lux n. sp. (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Aiptasiidae), a new sea anemone from the Gulf of Mexico
  • Article

October 2023

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32 Reads

Zootaxa

ALONSO DELGADO

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MARYMEGAN DALY

Here we describe a new species of sea anemone from the family Aiptasiidae based on specimens collected from the Gulf of Mexico (USA: Florida & Alabama). Accounts of this species have been known since the early 1990’s, primarily from an underwater field guide and hobbyist aquarium literature under the name “Lightbulb Anemone.” We describe it as a new species from the genus Bellactis based on anatomy, histology, and cnidom. Members of this species are small in size, with a smooth, typically contracted column divided into regions based on color and bearing rows of two or three elevated cinclides in the mid column. Their tentacles are distinctive, translucent, distally inflated and can be bulbous in shape, with sub annular rings. This description synthesizes information about Bellactis and contextualizes what is known about its diversity in light of other members of the Aiptasiidae.


Phylogenetic reconstruction of Actiniaria
Tree resulting from the maximum likelihood analysis of the all-loci dataset (12S, 16S, 18S, 28S, and CO3). Numbers on branches are bootstrap resampling values for ML and parsimony, respectively, expressed as a percent, followed by posterior probabilities (multiplied by 100) for legibility. Filled circles indicate nodes with 100% support for all inferences.
Ancestral state reconstruction of morphological characters
Representation of ancestral character state reconstruction for four morphological characters (conchula, acrospheres, basilar muscles, and marginal sphincter). Characters mapped onto the Maximum Likelihood (ML) analysis of all-loci. Support values are not included for legibility; refer to Fig 1 for values.
Cnidae of Peachia chilensis
Spirocysts: in tentacles (E), column (H), and actinopharynx (J); basitrichs: in tentacles (D), column (G), actinopharynx (I), and mesenterial filaments (B); holotrichs; in tentacles (C), column (F), actinopharynx (K), and filaments (A). See Table 2 for size and distribution.
External anatomy of Peachia chilensis
(A) Lateral view of six of the smaller specimens of P. chilensis, showing the diversity in developmental stages in the smallest of the specimens. (B) Lateral view of larger specimen showing the lack of visible capitulum, scapus, or physa. (C) Dorsal view of specimen showing the protruding conchula (circled in red). (D) Dorsal view of specimen, showing esophageal folds.
Internal anatomy of Peachia chilensis
(A) Histological cross section through the column showing the cycles of the mesenteries and the siphonoglyph not completely separated from the actinopharynx. Mesentery pairs numbered. (B) Histological longitudinal section through the entire animal, highlighting the absence of a marginal sphincter. (C) Longitudinal micro-CT scan with the cinclides visible. (D) Histological cross section highlighting the siphonoglyph. (E) Cross section highlighting the detail of a retractor muscle. D = directives, si = siphonoglyph, rm = retractor muscle.

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Phylogeny and taxonomy of Haloclavidae (Verrill, 1899) with a redescription of the parasitic, burrowing sea anemone, Peachia chilensis Carlgren, 1931
  • Article
  • Full-text available

September 2022

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248 Reads

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4 Citations

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Luciana C. Gusmão

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Takato Izumi

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[...]

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Marymegan Daly

Haloclavidae Verrill, 1899 is a family of burrowing sea anemones grouped within the superfamily Actinioidea (Rafinesque, 1815). Currently, it includes 30 species in 10 genera. Characters given for this family in descriptions of its taxa have not been consistent, with numerous exceptions to the expectations of the familial diagnosis. Previous phylogenetic analyses have shown that Haloclavidae is potentially a polyphyletic group, but resolution of relationships of the few representatives of Haloclavidae included in analyses has been problematic. Here we address questions of monophyly and affinity of Haloclavidae using three mitochondrial and two nuclear markers. We assess the monophyly of Haloclavidae in the context of all major lineages of Actiniaria Hertwig, 1882, emphasizing diversity of superfamily Actinioidea. We use parsimony-based character optimization to interpret the distribution of key traits in the superfamily. We find that Haloclavidae is not monophyletic and propose two new families, Peachiidae fam. nov. and Harenactidae fam. nov., while also retaining some species in the family Haloclavidae, so that taxonomy better reflects relationships and diversity of the group. In addition, we redescribe a species within the newly created Peachiidae, Peachia chilensis Carlgren, 1931. We use recent larval samples obtained in Antofagasta, Chile, and the histological slides from the original description to redescribe P. chilensis, to provide a complete account of cnidae, external, and internal morphology. Finally, we compare P. chilensis to other burrowing anemones found in Chile and provide an understanding of the genus Peachia that reflects recent phylogenetic perspective on diversity of anemones previously assigned to family Haloclavidae.

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Description of Calliactis tigris sp. nov.: reconciling taxonomy and phylogeny in hermit-crab symbiotic anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Hormathiidae)

August 2019

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98 Reads

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18 Citations

Organisms Diversity & Evolution

The symbiosis between sea anemones and hermit crabs is ubiquitous in the marine environment (except in the poles), occurring from shallow to deep waters; it involves one or more anemones living on a shell inhabited by a hermit crab. The anemone-crab partnership is a mutualism in which hermit crabs provide a hard substrate, increased access to oxygenated waters and food supply, in exchange for defense by the anemone. The vast majority of the sea anemone partners belong to three genera in family Hormathiidae: Adamsia, Calliactis, Paracalliactis. Given the remarkable nature of the symbiosis, hormathiid partners have been hypothesized to represent a monophyletic group. This has been rejected by Gusmão and Daly et al. (2010) and confirmed by our phylogenetic analysis using molecular markers (12S, 16S, 18S, 28S, COIII). We expand the results of Gusmão and Daly et al. (2010) by finding a monophyletic Paracalliactis, which was left untested in their analyses. Thus, characters of taxonomic significance associated to the symbiotic habit are interpreted as functional rather than phylogenetic. We reconcile taxonomy and the present evolutionary framework to avoid defining taxonomic groups based on characters prone to convergence. We formalize the synonymy of Adamsia and Calliactis and provide updated diagnoses for the valid genera Calliactis and Paracalliactis to bring more stability to the group. Under this new framework, we describe Calliactis tigris sp. nov. from Australia based on 21 specimens collected off the coast of New South Wales and Queensland and differentiate it from congeners and other hermit crab symbionts recorded in the Pacific Ocean.


Phylogenetic relationships among the clownfish-hosting sea anemones

May 2019

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531 Reads

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42 Citations

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

The clownfish-sea anemone symbiosis has been a model system for understanding fundamental evolutionary and ecological processes. However, our evolutionary understanding of this symbiosis comes entirely from studies of clownfishes. A holistic understanding of a model mutualism requires systematic, biogeographic, and phylogenetic insight into both partners. Here, we conduct the largest phylogenetic analysis of sea anemones (Order Actiniaria) to date, with a focus on expanding the biogeographic and taxonomic sampling of the 10 nominal clownfish-hosting species. Using a combination of mtDNA and nuDNA loci we test (1) the monophyly of each clownfish-hosting family and genus, (2) the current anemone taxonomy that suggests symbioses with clownfishes evolved multiple times within Actiniaria, and (3) whether, like the clownfishes, there is evidence that host anemones have a Coral Triangle biogeographic origin. Our phylogenetic reconstruction demonstrates widespread poly- and para-phyly at the family and genus level, particularly within the family Stichodactylidae and genus Stichodactyla, and suggests that symbioses with clownfishes evolved minimally three times within sea anemones. We further recover evidence for a Tethyan biogeographic origin for some clades. Our data provide the first evidence that clownfish and some sea anemone hosts have different biogeographic origins, and that there may be cryptic species of host anemones. Finally, our findings reflect the need for a major taxonomic revision of the clownfish-hosting sea anemones.


Edwardsia migottoi sp. nov., the first sea anemone species of Edwardsia de Quatrefages 1842 (Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae) from the Southwestern Atlantic

October 2016

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124 Reads

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9 Citations

Marine Biodiversity

Edwardsia migottoi sp. nov., a new species of burrowing anemone from the Southeast coast of Brazil, is described. It is also the first species of the genus reported from the Southwestern Atlantic. It is characterized by a rusty brown deciduous periderm, eight longitudinal rows of tubercles with nemathybomes, and nemathybomes with two types of nematocysts (pterotrichs and microbasic t-mastigophores). Edwardsia migottoi sp. nov. differs from other members of the genus by its number of tentacles, arrangement and cnida content of nemathybomes, musculature, and geographic distribution. The new species is the second member of the family Edwardsiidae Andres 1881 and the third species of burrowing sea anemone recorded from Brazil. The description of the new species lead to the recognition that the mesenterial morphology of the monotypic Pacific genus Metedwardsia Carlgren 1947 is unlike that of members of Edwardsiidae to which it belonged and similar to that of Halcampidae Andres 1883, resulting in its transfer to the latter family. © 2016 Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

Citations (4)


... Bulletin of the Society of Systematic Biologists been updated to better reflect the position of H. producta (Hamilton et al., 2022). While multilocus phylogenies are generally preferred to those based on a single marker, taxon sampling in the phylogenomic dataset is almost an order of magnitude lower for Actinioidea and Metridioidea than that of the 18S tree and mesomyarian taxa, which typically branch near the base of the actiniarian tree. ...

Reference:

A Cnidarian Phylogenomic Tree Fitted With Hundreds of 18S Leaves
Phylogeny and taxonomy of Haloclavidae (Verrill, 1899) with a redescription of the parasitic, burrowing sea anemone, Peachia chilensis Carlgren, 1931

... The length and width sizes of undischarged capsules of each type of cnidae per sample were measured. Cnidae terminology follows Sanamyan et al. (2012) and Gusmão et al. (2018Gusmão et al. ( , 2019. Taxonomic classification follows Rodríguez et al. (2014). ...

Description of Calliactis tigris sp. nov.: reconciling taxonomy and phylogeny in hermit-crab symbiotic anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Hormathiidae)
  • Citing Article
  • August 2019

Organisms Diversity & Evolution

... certain species of clownfish [2], particularly those from the genera Amphiprion [3] and Premna. The latter live within the tentacles of anemones protected against predators and unharmed by the host's nematocytes. ...

Phylogenetic relationships among the clownfish-hosting sea anemones
  • Citing Article
  • May 2019

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

... The presence of eight macrocnemes led Carlgren (1949) to transfer the sole species in the genus, H. papillosus Carlgren, 1937, from the family Halcampoididae Appellöf, 1896 to Edwardsiidae. Although Gusmão et al. (2016) kept Halcampogeton within Edwardsiidae, they consider the taxon problematic and possibly belonging to a different family due to its strong dodecamerous organization (see Gusmão et al. 2016). Regardless of its familial placement, H. papillosus has twelve rows of conspicuous solid papillae with very large nematocysts which are clearly absent from Halcampulactis solimar sp. ...

Edwardsia migottoi sp. nov., the first sea anemone species of Edwardsia de Quatrefages 1842 (Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae) from the Southwestern Atlantic
  • Citing Article
  • October 2016

Marine Biodiversity