May 2021
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70 Reads
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19 Citations
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May 2021
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70 Reads
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19 Citations
July 2020
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4 Reads
interactions
April 2020
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73 Reads
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22 Citations
July 2019
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6 Reads
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8 Citations
Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media
Most prior research about online labor markets examines the dynamics of a single work platform and either worker demographics or motivations associated with that site. How demographics and motives correlate with each other, and with engagement across multiple platforms, remains understudied. To bridge this gap, we analyze survey responses from 1700 people working across four different online labor platforms to understand: What motivates people to participate in online labor markets and how do individual motives correspond to larger demographic patterns and structural dynamics that more broadly shape traditional employment opportunities? Our results show that age, gender, education, and number of income sources help explain who does ondemand work, when they do it, and why. Even more striking, these broader social dimensions of work correlate with when and why individuals work across multiple on-demand platform companies. Together, these factors structure ondemand labor markets more than individual choice or the presumed “flexibility” of on-demand work alone.
October 2018
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59 Reads
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5 Citations
As people increasingly work different jobs, the respon-sibility of building long-term career satisfaction and stability increasingly falls more on the workers rather than individual employers. With technologies playing a central role in how people choose and access employ-ment opportunities, it is necessary to understand how online technologies are shaping career development. We bring together leading human-computer interaction researchers, industry members, and community organ-izers, who have worked with systems and people across the socio-economic spectrum during the career devel-opment process. We will discuss research on the role of online technologies in career development, including but not limited to topics in crowd work, social media sites, and freelance work sites.
October 2018
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37 Reads
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22 Citations
There is a growing community within CSCW that examines issues of equity and inclusion in internet and social media use. With researchers focused on global development, social justice, accessibility, and more, we contend that there are issues of equity and inclusion impacting the research subjects located on the "margins" of digital existence, the research that examines these issues, and the researchers engaged in this research. The goal of our workshop is to brainstorm and discuss how we might demarginalize those researched, this research, and these researchers within CSCW scholarship. For this, we build on the concepts of intersectionality and solidarity from feminist scholarship, aiming to recognize the differences and similarities across disparate contexts and to uncover synergistic research trajectories and objectives. Our workshop will be led by academic and industry researchers pursuing CSCW, Social Computing, and Information and Communication Technologies and Development (ICTD) research focused on intersectionality, equity, and inclusion. We invite a broad range of participants from research and practice interested in learning about or deepening their understanding of these topics. Our workshop will foster solidarity across diverse subsections of the CSCW community and beyond.
April 2018
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73 Reads
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39 Citations
With a seemingly endless stream of tasks, on-demand labor markets appear to offer workers flexibility in when and how much they work. This research argues that platforms afford workers far less flexibility than widely believed. A large part of the "inflexibility" comes from tight deadlines imposed on tasks, leaving workers little control over their work schedules. We experimentally examined the impact of offering workers control of their time in on-demand crowdwork. We found that granting higher "in-task flexibility" dramatically affected the temporal dynamics of worker behavior and produced a larger amount of work with similar quality. In a second experiment, we measured the compensating differential and found that workers would give up significant compensation to control their time, indicating workers attach substantial value to in-task flexibility. Our results suggest that designing tasks which give workers direct control of their time within tasks benefits both buyers and sellers of on-demand crowdwork.
February 2017
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261 Reads
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89 Citations
Numerous crowdsourcing platforms are now available to support research as well as commercial goals. However, crowdsourcing is not yet widely adopted by researchers for generating, processing or analyzing research data. This study develops a deeper understanding of the circumstances under which crowdsourcing is a useful, feasible or desirable tool for research, as well as the factors that may influence researchers' decisions around adopting crowdsourcing technology. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 18 researchers in diverse disciplines, spanning the humanities and sciences, to illuminate how research norms and practitioners' dispositions were related to uncertainties around research processes, data, knowledge, delegation and quality. The paper concludes with a discussion of the design implications for future crowdsourcing systems to support research.
September 2016
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69 Reads
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5 Citations
Social Media + Society
Rather than assume that there is some universal “right way” to engage social media platforms, we interrogate how the location-based social media practice known as “jumping” played out on the popular service Foursquare. We use this case to investigate how a “global” or universal system is constructed with an imagined user in mind, one who enjoys a particular type of mobility and experience of place. Through the analysis of official Foursquare policies and mission statements, discussions among developers, interviews with and conversations among Foursquare users, online traces left by jumpers, and correspondence between designers and users on discussion forums, we identify how certain practices and participants are discursively constructed as normative, while other practices and groups are marginalized. Through the study of “jumping,” and its association with Indonesian players in particular, we highlight tensions between the assumptions and industrial strategies of Foursquare designers and the emergent practices and norms of early adopters and avid participants. We argue that the practices of “Indonesian” Foursquare jumpers and the discourses surrounding their use of Foursquare illustrate that practices understood as transgressive or resistive might best be read as strategies for engaging with a platform as groups contend with marginalizing social, economic, and/or political conditions. The case study examined in this article highlights the practices of participants who attempt to integrate themselves into the design of a social media system and the “workarounds,” tensions, negotiations, and logics that manifest in that process.
April 2016
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94 Reads
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98 Citations
Since its inception, crowdsourcing has been considered a black-box approach to solicit labor from a crowd of workers. Furthermore, the "crowd" has been viewed as a group of independent workers dispersed all over the world. Recent studies based on in-person interviews have opened up the black box and shown that the crowd is not a collection of independent workers, but instead that workers communicate and collaborate with each other. Put another way, prior work has shown the existence of edges between workers. We build on and extend this discovery by mapping the entire communication network of workers on Amazon Mechanical Turk, a leading crowdsourcing platform. We execute a task in which over 10,000 workers from across the globe self-report their communication links to other workers, thereby mapping the communication network among workers. Our results suggest that while a large percentage of workers indeed appear to be independent, there is a rich network topology over the rest of the population. That is, there is a substantial communication network within the crowd. We further examine how online forum usage relates to network topology, how workers communicate with each other via this network, how workers' experience levels relate to their network positions, and how U.S. workers differ from international workers in their network characteristics. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for requesters, workers, and platform providers like Amazon.
... The other is MTPE, where translators work in a fragmented manner, working only on errors in AI-generated MT outputs, rather than working on the translation of the whole text. Chen et al. (2019) suggest that gig workers' characteristics can be measured by their motivation, which falls under three categories: money; self-determination; and self-improvement. They also suggest that gig workers' work motivation is not always monetary, and that non-monetary factors make the work attractive for them too. ...
July 2019
Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media
... Although frequently used as an exemplar for omnibus legislation that provides robust data protections, there remain gaps within the European Union's GDPR that enables organizations to surveil workers while still being in compliance [64,71]. As a result, there have been calls for stronger organizational and governmental regulation to protect worker autonomy, privacy, and collective rights [32,45,48,97] and for technologists to take a worker-centered design approach that meaningfully engages with workers as collaborators, limits unnecessary data capture, and recognizes the nuanced and contextual aspects of their labor that are harder to measure or make visible [8,29,34,63,76,128]. Our work expands upon this literature by taking a more holistic view on how workers direct experience and make sense of surveillance technologies across sectors since the rise of remote work as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic by drawing from worker testimonials on Reddit and in-depth interviews. ...
May 2021
... Queerness (Brewis et al., 1997;Muhr & Sullivan, 2013) is represented in research performances, problematization of universalism and essentialism of ICT4D projects (Vannini et al., 2021b;Sultana et al., 2018). The allied disciplines in the recent past had started to witness multiple instantiations of such contributions including the movement for a Queer HCI (Spiel et al., 2019;DeVito et al., 2020). At the IFIP 9.4 Virtual Conference, van Zyl and McLean (2021) noted how contact tracing technologies were generating disproportionate adverse effects on LGBTQIA + users. ...
April 2020
... We focus aention on concepts of career and success in the context of workers seeking work on digital labor platforms. We do so because digital labor platforms mediate these workers' labor experiences and occupational perspectives, such that platform design is bound up in worker's career plans [13,23,73,74,115]. ...
October 2018
... We contextualize our work within this prior literature to investigate online (re)articulations of upper caste ideologies by examining caste-positive community accounts on X. We also extend conversations already underway in social computing and allied fields that explore mechanics of power along the lines of "gender, race, caste, class, sexuality, geography, etc." and "identify patterns of marginalization" in social media use across varied socio-geographical contexts [105]. ...
October 2018
... Monetary rewards influence risk-benefit perceptions and impact performance and effort (Acar 2019). The influence of reward amount on participation, recruitment speed, and data quality varies across studies (Berinsky, Huber, and Lenz 2012;Buhrmester et al. 2016;Chandler and Horton 2011;Crump, McDonnell, and Gureckis 2013;Yin, Suri, and Gray 2018;Butschek et al. 2022). In summary, the effects of monetary rewards on worker behavior are heterogeneous and contingent on task design, with an increasing likelihood of rewards potentially mitigating workers' perceptions of task complexity in crowdsourcing. ...
April 2018
... The main scientific advantage is to acquire or manage cost-effective data at spatiotemporal scales and resolutions unreachable by researchers alone [18]. Despite the use of CS increasing exponentially, some authors still question CS data reliability and data quality [19,20]. Nevertheless, it is acknowledged that by following protocols and with appropriate training, volunteers can gather data of quality comparable to that of researchers [19,21]. ...
February 2017
... 132 Understanding the communication network in crowds is crucial for effectively designing and managing crowdsourcing tasks. 133 Various studies highlight that centralized and decentralized communication patterns can effectively promote team performance, contingent on the nature of the task and the team's composition. 134,135 In particular, teams handling complex tasks tend to be more productive with decentralized communication networks. ...
Reference:
AI-enhanced collective intelligence
April 2016
... Platformization does not appear to slow down, as the annualized growth rate of digital trades (20%) is faster than that of physical products (6%) (4). This acceleration has resulted in an entire new ecosystem (5), which has changed the way we communicate (5), shop (6), travel (7)(8)(9), define success (5), work (2,10), and collaborate (11)(12)(13). ...
February 2016
... On the one hand, researchers argue that the simple attribution of badges, even though just a digital reward, is often enough reward by itself to encourage certain behaviour [17]. In the mobility scenario, players can be driven by the dynamic of collection, and see places across the city as opportunities to get digital collectables, irrespective of the route taken [68]. A known strategy to influence behaviour is branded campaigns. ...
September 2016
Social Media + Society