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December 2019
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60 Reads
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4 Citations
Journal of Planning Education and Research
To “ride uncertainty” is to plan, decide, or act when we haven’t a clue as to the choices or probabilities. We are to be genuinely surprised. Riders of uncertainty forge their way forward through prudence, vigilance, and curiosity and through attention to precursors. Obstructions and impossibilities become the chance for invention, and in working their way forward riders discover the meaning of their situation.
November 2018
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23 Reads
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2 Citations
Journal of Planning Education and Research
A city is an identity in manifold presentations or profiles, some of which are reviewed here. Why and how do cities and planning allow for so many differing and apparently incompatible analogies (and theories)? To ask, What is really going on? is perhaps to miss that manifold. For cities allow for regionalized analogies, overlapping and incompatible, and many may be valid, at least regionally, at the same time. More generally, we describe thinking in analogy.
April 2018
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12 Reads
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2 Citations
Journal of Planning Education and Research
In evaluating projects using cost-benefit analysis, the option value of such projects and the insurance they provide is likely to alter both the costs and the benefits substantially.
May 2011
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12 Reads
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1 Citation
Journal of Planning Education and Research
August 2010
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117 Reads
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14 Citations
Journal of Urban Technology
Urban Tomography is a novel application of mobile smartphone technology, designed to enable pervasive dense documentation of city life by many smartphone users at the same time and provide an automatically-archived historical record of places in time. Besides social-scientific inquiry and research, the system might enable community residents to document their own lives. We describe several pilot fieldwork applications in the use of Urban Tomography, providing insight into designing a system and protocols for conducting field documentation. We then discuss background, philosophy, and the technology of our system. Our website is: http://tomography.usc.edu.
June 2010
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382 Reads
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247 Citations
Many applications are enabled by the ability to capture videos on a smartphone and to have these videos uploaded to an Internet-connected server. This capability requires the transfer of large volumes of data from the phone to the infrastructure. Smartphones have multiple wireless interfaces -- 3G/EDGE and WiFi -- for data transfer, but there is considerable variability in the availability and achievable data transfer rate for these networks. Moreover, the energy costs for transmitting a given amount of data on these wireless interfaces can differ by an order of magnitude. On the other hand, many of these applications are often naturally delay-tolerant, so that it is possible to delay data transfers until a lower-energy WiFi connection becomes available. In this paper, we present a principled approach for designing an optimal online algorithm for this energy-delay tradeoff using the Lyapunov optimization framework. Our algorithm, called SALSA, can automatically adapt to channel conditions and requires only local information to decide whether and when to defer a transmission. We evaluate SALSA using real-world traces as well as experiments using a prototype implementation on a modern smartphone. Our results show that SALSA can be tuned to achieve a broad spectrum of energy-delay tradeoffs, is closer to an empirically-determined optimal than any of the alternatives we compare it to, and, can save 10-40% of battery capacity for some workloads.
May 2010
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7 Reads
Journal of Planning Education and Research
September 2009
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21 Reads
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7 Citations
Journal of Planning Education and Research
December 2007
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21 Reads
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3 Citations
Journal of Planning Education and Research
December 2004
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16 Reads
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8 Citations
Journal of Planning Education and Research
Planners, and teachers and students of planning, ought systematically to document ordinary urban phenomena: store-front churches, vernacular visual merchandising, industry,... Careful archiving and indexing is crucial. For long-lasting records, photographic film still provides the best medium for still photographs; digital video and audio are probably best for motion pictures and sound.
... For an insurance company, the insurance clerk not only needs to master the coverage and amount of each type of insurance but also requires the insurance clerk to master each customer's purchase of insurance. rough these professional knowledge and situations, insurance salesmen need to do their best to sell insurance [5][6][7]. It can be seen from the above description that the data of insurance business is numerous, multisource, and complex, which is a difficult task for insurance business, that consumes a lot of human and material resources [8]. ...
April 2018
Journal of Planning Education and Research
... Trahan's attitude is close to the way that mathematicians treat long proofs. By the 1980s, according to Krieger (2004), a variety of rigorous proofs were provided of various fundamental facts about our world, many of them lengthy and complex and involving much calculation (Krieger, 2004): ...
November 2004
Notices of the American Mathematical Society
... The proposed CAS theory has provided new ideas for people to recognize, control, and manage complex systems, and is widely used in economic systems, ecosystems, and social systems (Auyang, 1999a(Auyang, , 1999bGuo, 2017;Krieger, 2001). The study of complexity is also valued by Chinese scholars, whose research on the science of complexity mainly covers the three aspects of methodology, mathematical theory, and application, and involves many subjects including geography, economics, biology, physics, management and philosophy (Comfort, 1999;Song, 2005). ...
March 2001
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics
... Representations are human inventions/constructs that stand in for the phenomena (Morgan and Morrison, 1999;Giere, 2005;Frigg and Hartmann, 2006;Windschitl et al., 2008;Schwarz et al., 2009). In physics, common types of representations include graphs, vector diagrams, equations, simulations, words, and pictures (Krieger, 1987). From the MI perspective, this means that instruction should focus on helping students to identify, use, and interpret representational tools that are useful in describing physical systems. ...
November 1987
American Journal of Physics
... Buck-Morss argues that the sensorium can be understood as a "form of cognition, achieved through taste, touch, hearing, seeing, smell-the whole corporeal sensorium" (Buck-Morss, 1992, p. 6). The idea of the urban sensorium, therefore, is fairly straightforward and is drawn from an understanding of developing a sense of the city through the five senses: sight, sound, smell, taste and touch (Krieger & Holman, 2007). Here, we restrict ourselves to an understanding of primarily the corporeality of the sensorium as a pedagogic mode rather than the more often associated category of the aesthetic. ...
December 2007
Journal of Planning Education and Research
... This optimistic tone about the use of photography is echoed by others in planning, geography and sociology. Martin Krieger (2004) states that planners, in particular, are in a strong position to document cities through photography. He encourages systematic photography of particular places or phenomena that then could become the basis of archives upon which future students and scholars can draw. ...
December 2004
Journal of Planning Education and Research
... Whereas the complexity of coordination in spatial planning increased with the centralization of the state and later its democratization (involving more actors), the history of spatial design is also tied to state development, but more indirectly, through the increase of patronage. Complex cities produced rich citizens and proud city governments that could engage in private and public works that were the product of a design philosophy, with the sum of city space given higher consideration than the separate parts (Braunfels, 1990;Rios, 2008;Krieger, 2000;Mumford, 1961). ...
March 2000
Journal of Planning Education and Research
... One of the major implications of this analysis is that literary fiction and narratology, and more generally public humanities, should enter the toolbox of urban planners on a permanent basis, and possibly also become part of their educational curricula (Dakin 1993;Krieger 1995). We see this perspective as particularly promising if properly framed within the emerging paradigm of the Narrative Policy Framework (Jones 2018), that systematizes the role of narrative in the policy process in cognitive, pragmatic and strategic terms. ...
April 1995
Journal of Planning Education and Research
... Our research also complements papers that have used online user-generated content to extract time-series data about consumer behavior ( [16]), health ( [17]; [18]), or finance ( [19]), or to obtain cross-sectional socioeconomic data ( [20]). A growing literature in urban tomography ( [21]) is demonstrating that adding geographical identification to such methods can improve research and practice in urban planning, urban sciences, environmental science or psychology, and architecture. For example, [22] shows the conditions under which user-generated opinions can be deemed reliable for planning decisions. ...
August 2010
Journal of Urban Technology
... Abdelzaher et al. [1] conclude the primary participatory sensing applications deeply. A number of early participatory sensing prototype systems have been built such as BikeNet [2], SoundSense [3], CenceMe [4,5], MetroSense [6], Bubble-Sensing [7], Urban Tomography [8,9], CarTel [10], Darwin [11], and Microblog [12] at the same time. These participatory sensing prototype systems lay the foundation of human sensing. ...
September 2009
Journal of Planning Education and Research
![Figure 2: Example videos. Figure 1 presents a screenshot of the system's Web interface, showing some user-generated video-clips from our users. Our users report that battery lifetime is a critical usability issue, and video uploads use a significant fraction of the energy in our system. This paper explores robust methods for reducing this cost. Recent smartphones have multiple wireless interfaces-3G/EDGE (Enhanced GPRS) and WiFi-that can be used for data transfer. These two radios have widely different characteristics. First, their nominal data rates differ significantly (from hundreds of Kbps for EDGE, to a few Mbps for 3G, to ten or more Mbps for WiFi). The achievable data rates for these radios depends upon the environment, can vary widely, and are sometimes far less than the nominal values. Second, their energy-efficiency also differs by more than an order of magnitude [4, 6]. While the power consumption on the two kinds of radios can be comparable, the energy usage for transmitting a fixed amount of data can differ an order of magnitude or more because the achievable data rates on these interfaces differ significantly. Finally, the availability characteristics of these two kinds of networks can vary significantly. At least as of this writing, the penetration of some form of cellular availability (EDGE or 3G) is significantly higher than WiFi, on average. A similar observation has been made in [22] where the authors report 99% and 46% experienced availability, respectively, in their traces for EDGE and WiFi. Thus, uploading or downloading large data items using WiFi can be more energy-efficient than using the cellular radio, but WiFi may not always be available. Fortunately, many uses of video capture are naturally delay-tolerant, to differing degrees, so that it is possible to delay data transfers until a lower-energy WiFi connection becomes available. In general, our users would like captured videos to appear on the server "as quickly as possible" (so that they, or their colleagues or supervisors, can quickly review the captured video), and are willing to tolerate some delay in upload in exchange for high-quality video capture and extended phone lifetime. However, different users have different delay tolerances: surveillance experts can be, depending on the situation being monitored, less tolerant of delay than behavioral analysts or public policy experts. This paper explores this energy-delay trade-off in delay-tolerant, but data-intensive, smartphone applications. The example in Figure 2 illustrates this trade-off. The topmost plot in the figure depicts a scenario in an urban environment where the availability and the achievable data transfer rate over three different wireless networks-EDGE, 3G, and WiFi-varies with time (each tick on the x-axis marks a 30 seconds interval). In this example, EDGE is always available but can only support 10 KB/s data rate. WiFi APs](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Abhishek-Sharma-96/publication/221234605/figure/fig3/AS:669218047533061@1536565424350/Example-videos-Figure-1-presents-a-screenshot-of-the-systems-Web-interface-showing_Q320.jpg)
