Martín A. Rossi's research while affiliated with Universidad de San Andrés and other places
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Publications (51)
We provide empirical evidence on the long‐term causal impact of military conscription on sexist attitudes and intimate partner violence. To address potential endogeneity, we exploit the conscription draft lottery in Argentina. We combine the draft administrative data with self‐reported survey data. We find that conscription causes men to adopt more...
We study the causal effect of unsought political connections on firm value. To address concerns of potential endogeneity and sample-selection bias we exploit the nationalization of Argentina's pension system, a unique natural experiment yielding exogenous variation in new political connections. We find unsought political connections to have a large...
We exploit the random assignment of Brazilian municipalities to an audit programme to explore the link between audits and government hiring practices. We find that audited municipalities employ less labour to provide a given level of public services, and change the way in which they screen their employees—relying less on discretion and more on meri...
The effect of confinement on intimate partner violence is hard to assess, partly because of usual endogeneity problems, but also because the often‐used report calls poorly measure that violence. We exploit self‐reported survey data from Argentina to study the extent to which the coronavirus pandemic quarantine had unintended consequences on intimat...
On Tuesday, October 16, 2018, YouTube experienced a major and rare global service outage. Using high‐frequency crime data from the United States, we document an important increase in rapes in the 24‐hour period following the outage. We investigate various potential underlying channels that may link the YouTube outage to the subsequent observed incr...
This paper provides experimental evidence about the causal impact of disclosing information related to public investment projects on the performance of these projects. Specifically, it analyzes the impact of the launch of the MapaInversiones platform on the physical and financial progress of public investment projects in Costa Rica. The study finds...
Esta publicación proporciona evidencia experimental sobre el impacto causal que la divulgación de información relacionada con proyectos de inversión pública tiene en el desempeño de estos proyectos. Específicamente, analiza el impacto de la plataforma MapaInversiones en el progreso físico y financiero de los proyectos de inversión pública en Costa...
We estimate the causal impact of military conscription on long-term beliefs and personality traits. To address potential endogeneity concerns, we exploit the conscription lottery in Argentina. We combine administrative data from the conscription lottery with data from a survey we designed on beliefs and personality traits. We find that men who were...
This paper studies the origins, and economic and social consequences of some of the most prominent drug trafficking organizations in the world: the Mexican cartels. It first traces the current location of cartels to the places where Chinese migrated at the beginning of the 20th century, discussing and documenting how both events are strongly connec...
Este documento analiza el impacto de MapaRegalías en la eficiencia de la ejecución de los proyectos de inversión pública en Colombia. MapaRegalías es una plataforma en línea que presenta información georreferenciada y datos sobre las regalías provenientes del sector extractivo. El objetivo de la plataforma consiste en reducir el costo en el que inc...
We study the impact of police monitoring on crime. We exploit detailed information on location and date of installation of police‐monitored surveillance cameras coupled with data at the street‐segment level on all reported crimes in the city of Montevideo, Uruguay. We find that the introduction of police‐monitored surveillance cameras reduces crime...
We study the relationship between attending high school at night and the probability of engaging in risky behavior, such as having unsafe sex or consuming substances. To address potential endogeneity concerns we take advantage of a random assignment of high school students to daytime and night shifts in the city of Buenos Aires. Using an original s...
I investigate the relationship between tenure length in the House and posterior political success. I exploit a natural experiment in the Argentine Congress – where terms length were assigned randomly after the return to democracy – that provides a source of exogenous variation to initial political power. I find that having a longer tenure in the Ho...
We provide experimental evidence on the effect of peer pressure on individual behavior. Specifically, we study the effect of being exposed to an observer in a public restroom on handwashing and urinal flushing behavior. Our estimates show that being exposed to an observer increases the probability of handwashing by 13 percentage points and the prob...
We document the connection between land reform and violent crime in Mexico using the counter-reform carried out in 1992 that liberalised the ejido sector. Using data at municipality level, we exploit the fact that municipalities have different exposure to the reform. We report a significant impact of the land reform on the number of murders: in tho...
The opportunity cost for men of pursuing a college degree has been rising due to the increase in the rewards to becoming a superstar in occupations typically dominated by men, like professional sports. This suggests a novel explanation for the evolution of the college gender gap (which shows a clear upward trend in female college enrollments relati...
We report that on any given day the number of inmates released from incarceration significantly affects the number of offenses committed this day, and we name this as first-day recidivism. Our estimates of this novel approach to study early recidivism are robust to a variety of alternative model specifications. We then show that first-day recidivis...
I exploit a unique historical event to explore the causal relationship between individual wealth and posterior political power. Shortly after the founding of Buenos Aires, plots of land in the outskirts of the city were randomly assigned to all heads of household that participated in the expedition. Using this random allocation of land as a source...
We exploit a series of natural experiments that use real crime data to investigate the effect of a violation of expectancies on violent crime. We study two types of violation of expectancies that generate the emotions of frustration and euphoria. Our empirical designs exploit differential expectations (as measured by the odds of soccer games in the...
This paper uses data from the Argentine House of Representatives to study the relationship between legislative effort and political success, as measured by reelection, becoming a leader of the House, and moving to higher political positions. It is found that more effort is associated with a higher probability of being reelected, and also that for t...
We study a recent recruitment drive for public sector positions in Mexico. Different salaries were announced randomly across recruitment sites, and job offers were subsequently randomized. Screening relied on exams designed to measure applicants' intellectual ability, personality, and motivation. This allows the first experimental estimates of (i)...
We provide new evidence on the link between beauty and hiring practices in the labor market. Specifically, we study if people with less attractive faces are less likely to be contacted after submitting a resume. Our empirical strategy is based on an experimental approach. We sent fictitious resumes with pictures of attractive and unattractive faces...
We evaluate the effects of a fundamental lever of constitutional design: the duration of public office terms. We present a
simple model grounded in interviews with legislators and highlight three forces shaping incentives to exert legislative effort.
We exploit two natural experiments in the Argentine Congress (where term lengths were assigned rand...
Most discussion of after-school programs in shantytowns has centered on estimating mean impacts of programs, and results are not conclusive. Previous literature provides some explanations for these mixed results but this paper provides a new channel: the effectiveness of an after-school program on students depends on their parents’ type. One can ar...
We evaluate the effects of a fundamental lever of constitutional design: the duration of public office terms. We present a simple model grounded in interviews with legislators and highlight three forces shaping incentives to exert legislative effort. We exploit two natural experiments in the Argentine Congress (where term lengths were assigned rand...
A recent literature reports evidence on the self perpetuation of representative political power (Dal Bó, Dal Bó, and Snyder 2009; Rossi 2011). Even though this evidence can explain the observed persistence of political elites, it cannot explain why these elites got into power in the first place. In this paper I exploit a unique historical event in...
We estimate the causal effect of mandatory participation in the military service on the involvement in criminal activities. We exploit the random assignment of young men to military service in Argentina through a draft lottery to identify this causal effect. Using a unique set of administrative data that includes draft eligibility, participation in...
The main finding of this impact evaluation is that beneficiary firms of FONTAR as a whole and of ANR in particular, spend more on innovation activities such as research and development and purchase of technology. Increments in innovation expenditures are found even when the amount received by the program is netted out from the total amount spent, i...
The evaluation of the causal effects of tenure length on political dynasties is a difficult task as tenure length is potentially endogenous in a model of political dynasties. To overcome this identification problem I exploit a natural experiment in Argentina. With the return to democracy and the formation of the Congress of 1983, the duration of el...
We estimate the causal effect of participation in the mandatory military service on the involvement in criminal activities. We exploit the random assignment of young men to military service in Argentina through a draft lottery to identify this causal effect. Using a unique set of administrative data that includes draft eligibility, participation in...
Introducing private sector participation (PSP) into the water and sewerage sectors in developing countries is difficult and controversial. Empirical studies on its effects are scant and generally inconclusive. Case studies tend to find improvements in the sector following privatization, but they suffer from selection bias and it is difficult to gen...
This paper evaluates the impact of subsidies on the academic performance of researchers in Argentina. Academic performance is measured in terms of number of publications and in terms of impact factors in peer-reviewed journals. The performance of researchers with financially supported projects is compared with that of a control group of researchers...
We investigate the determinants of the efficiency of firms with a focus on the role of corruption. We construct a simple theoretical model where corruption increases the factor requirements of firms because it diverts managerial effort away from factor coordination. We then exploit a unique dataset comprising firm-level information on 80 electricit...
The paper contains and impact evaluation of matching grants to promote investments in innovation on firm financed R&D and other output variables.
The paper contains an impact evaluation of research subsidies on the academic performance of researchers in Argentina.
The initiation in criminal activities is, typically, a young phenomenon. The study of the determinants of entry into criminal activities should pay attention to major events affecting youth. In many countries, one of these important events is mandatory participation in military service. The objective of this study is to estimate the causal relation...
We analyze the determinants of efficiency for a sample of 69 African water utilities during the period 1998 to 2001. Efficiency is first assessed through the estimation of a labor requirement function. With that criteria, the main lessons are that: (i) private and public firms are not significantly different in terms of labor productivity, (ii) the...
We analyze the impact of alternative regulatory regimes on the labor productivity of electricity distribution firms in Latin America. We find that (i) incentive-based regimes lead to higher labor productivity than rate-of-return regulation, and (ii) privatized firms operating under rate of return have, at most, similar labor productivity as public...
The authors bring new empirical evidence on the impact of the choice of ownership and regulatory regime on firms'productivity and prices paid by consumers. They collect the evidence from a sample of electricity distribution companies in Latin America. The authors rely on estimations of labor and operation and maintenance (O&M) input requirement fun...
A decade of experience has shown that monitoring the performance of public and private monopolies is the hardest part of electricity sector reform in South America--because operators control most of the information needed for effective regulation. South American electricity regulators can reduce this information asymmetry by increasing internationa...
The relationship between the quality of political institutions and the performance of regulation has recently assumed greater prominence in the policy debate on the effectiveness of infrastructure industry reforms. Taking the view that political accountability is a key factor linking political and regulatory structures and processes, this article e...
Several studies have compared the efficiency of publicly and privately owned water utilities and reached conflicting conclusions on the impact of ownership on efficiency. This article provides further evidence by estimating a stochastic cost frontier for a sample of Asian and Pacific regional water companies. The results show that efficiency is not...
The last decade has witnessed a change to more powerful incentive schemes and the adoption by a large number of regulators of some form of price cap regimes. The efficiency frontiers literature tackles the problem of measuring the X factor in a price cap regime with an RPI–X rule. However, that literature has by large focused solely on the theoreti...
Estache and Rossi estimate a stochastic costs frontier for a sample of Asian and Pacific water companies, comparing the performance of public and privatized companies based on detailed firm-specific information published by the Asian Development Bank in 1997. They find private operators of water companies to be more efficient than public operators....
Wodon for very useful discussions and suggestions. We are however solely responsible for any mistake or interpretation. None of the institutions we are affiliated with should be credited with endorsing the results of the analysis presented here. A special thanks to Vanessa Moreira who processed all the household survey data used in this paper and t...
Abstract Weevaluate,the impact of subsidies on the ,academic performance ,of researchers ,in Argentina. Academic performance ,is measured ,in terms ,of number ,of publications ,and impact indexes in peer-reviewed journals. The performance ,of researchers with financially supported ,projects is compared,vis á vis a control ,group of researchers ,who...
A recent literature reports evidence of self perpetuation of political power (Dal Bó, Dal Bó, and Snyder 2009; Rossi 2010). Even though this evidence can explain the observed persistence of political elites, it cannot explain why these elites got into power in the first place. In this paper I exploit a unique historical event in order to explore th...
Citations
... Belot et al. (2018Belot et al. ( , 2022b experimentally vary wages of posted jobs in a UK job board and find an elasticity of application-like behavior to posted wage of approximately 0.7. An RCT modifying offered wages in the Mexican Civil Service found an arc-elasticity of approximately 0.8: a 33% increase in offered wages led to 26% more applications (Dal Bo et al. (2013)). At those elasticities, our estimated treatment effects from communicating even coarse information that a startup has above-median business model or science quality are able to generate as many additional applications as a 15 to 44% increase in offered wage. ...
... The results show that both men and women receive significantly lower callback rates in the event of obesity, but also that the results tend to be driven by obesity for women and by attractiveness for men. Ruffle and Shtudiner (2015) respond to advertised job openings in Israel, finding that CVs of women with no picture have a significantly higher callback rate than those of attractive or plain-looking women. 2 Lopez Bóo et al. (2013) find that attractive applicants are called more often than unattractive ones, but unlike Ruffle and Shtudiner (2015), they find stronger effects among male candidates. An Italian field experiment using fictitious CVs is conducted by Patacchini et al. (2015). ...
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... The few studies that exist suggest that crime dropped in public environments, but possibly shifted to domestic situations (Abrams, 2021;Chalfin et al., 2021). The impact of the pandemic on drinking behaviour is more analysed, both theoretically and empirically, but this literature shows somewhat mixed results (Bade et al., 2021;Colbert et al., 2020;Finlay & Gilmore, 2020;Gibbons et al., 2020;Grossman et al., 2020;Rehm et al., 2020;Silverio-Murillo et al., 2020). ...
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... An example of this is the InvestmentMap 17 initiative, which enables governments to inform citizens about public investments and make inter-jurisdictional comparisons of the efficiency and management of public spending in real time. Recent evidence has revealed links between an improvement in the physical and financial performance of public investment projects, on the one hand, and the presence of active citizen monitoring and control platforms, on the other (Rossi et al., 2020). ...
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... La iniciativa se sustentó en la experiencia MapaRegalías en Colombia, la cual, desde 2012, permite conocer el avance de los proyectos de inversión pública financiados con regalías. De acuerdo con estimaciones del BID, el módulo MapaRegalías (ver sección 2.1) mostró un aumento promedio de aproximadamente el 8 % en la eficiencia de la ejecución física de los proyectos (Lauletta et al., 2019). ...
... Our contribution bridges the literature on military conscription with that on the long-run determinants of institutional trust. Existing empirical papers on conscription and civil-military relations rely on speci c drafting systems (e.g. the Argentinian lottery, the Vietnam draft) to study the "civil-military" gap in partisan orientations, political participation and authoritarianism, resulting in strikingly di erent conclusions (Erikson and Stoker, 2011;Horowitz, Simpson, and Stam, 2011;Green, Davenport, and Hanson, 2019;Navajas et al., 2020). We focus instead on attitudes towards those national institutions that the military is instructed to serve, and build our inference on 15 di erent countries. ...
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... The exogenous instruments used are the interaction between the change in the street prices of heroin in the US and the number of Chinese immigrants who arrived to different regions in Mexico during the 1930s. Earlier research has shown that the Mexican regions which received more Chinese migration during the 1930s are strongly correlated today with the current location of Mexico's drug trafficking organizations and drug-related violence (Murphy and Rossi 2020). This association can be explained by the fact that members of the Chinese migrant community brought the know-how of opium production and consumption to Mexico (Murphy and Rossi 2020). ...
... Further, they may serve as a means of guarding against personal and property crime (Welsh and Farrington, 2003). In the last decade, a number of cities across the globe have embraced the deployment of surveillance cameras as a policing tool for foiling crimes and providing supportive evidence in investigations and prosecutions (Munyo and Rossi, 2020). Largely reliant on artificial intelligence, police surveillance technologies have been deployed in several public spaces, such as schools, parks and neighborhoods, to ensure compliance and safer communities (Muñ iz, 2021;Surette and Stephenson, 2019). ...
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... Indeed, the school start time literature is fairly abundant for developed countries, such as the United States and European countries; in spite of that, only a small part of these studies is based on exogenous changes in school start times and, therefore, is able to establish causal links between start time and academic performance. For developing countries, evidence is even more scarce, if not inexistent (as far as we know), for countries like Brazil (Cardenas & Cruz, 2017;Arrona-Palacios & Dí az-Morales, 2018, Reynoso & Rossi, 2019. ...
... Another usual approach to code dynastic politicians is to use electoral data on elected officials and candidates and the tradition of the family name structure in a given country to match relatives by their surnames (BRAGANÇA et al., 2015;LABONNE et al., 2019;QUERUBIN, 2011QUERUBIN, , 2016ROSSI, 2017). Bragança et al. (2015) were the first to explore this possibility in Brazil. ...
