Markolf H. Niemz’s research while affiliated with Heidelberg University and other places

Today’s physics describes nature in “subjective concepts” (concepts of observers), such as spatial, temporal, wave, particle, force, field. There are coordinate-free formulations of special and general relativity (SR/GR), but there is no absolute time in SR/GR. Thus, there is no “holistic view” (a view that is universal for all objects at the same instant in time) in SR/GR. I show: Euclidean relativity (ER) provides a holistic view by describing nature in “objective concepts” (concepts that are immanent in all objects). “Pure distance” replaces spatial and temporal distance. “Pure energy” replaces wave and particle. I give one example where “process” replaces force and field. Each object’s proper space and its proper time span an absolute, Euclidean spacetime (ES), where and are pure distances. The new invariant is absolute, cosmic time . All energy moves through ES at the speed . An observer’s reality is created by orthogonally projecting ES to his proper space and to his proper time. These two projections are reassembled in SR/GR to a non-Euclidean spacetime. Information is lost in all projections. Thus, there will always be unsolved mysteries if we ignore ES. ER solves 15 mysteries, including the Hubble tension! On top, ER declares four concepts obsolete, such as dark energy and non-locality. I conclude: SR/GR describe an observer’s reality. ER describes the “master reality” ES. Objective concepts are mandatory in cosmology and in quantum mechanics. Thus, the scope of SR/GR is limited—just as the scope of Newton’s physics is limited.

Today’s physics describes nature in “subjective concepts” (concepts of observers), such as spatial, temporal, wave, particle, force, field. There are coordinate-free formulations of special relativity (SR) and general relativity (GR), but there is no absolute time in SR/GR. Thus, there is no “holistic view” (view from all possible perspectives at the same instant in time). I show: Euclidean relativity (ER) provides a holistic view by describing nature in “objective concepts” (concepts that are immanent in all objects). “Pure distance” replaces spatial and temporal distance. “Pure energy” replaces wave and particle. I give one example where “process” replaces force and field. Each object’s proper space d1, d2, d3 and its proper time τ span a Euclidean 4D spacetime (ES), where d1, d2, d3 and d4 = cτ are pure distances. The new invariant is absolute, cosmic time θ. All energy moves through ES at the speed c. An observer’s reality is created by orthogonally projecting ES to his proper space and to his proper time. The two projections are reassembled in SR/GR to form a non-Euclidean spacetime. Information is lost in all projections. Thus, there will always be unsolved mysteries if we ignore ES. Physics now has two options: (1) It rejects ER and continues with weird concepts (cosmic inflation, expanding space, dark energy, non-locality). (2) It accepts ER and solves 15 fundamental mysteries (including time’s arrow and the Hubble constant tension) without these weird concepts. All solutions are purely geometrical. In particular, they require neither forces nor fields.

Today’s physics describes nature in “subjective concepts” (concepts of observers), such as spatial, temporal, wave, particle, force, field. There are coordinate-free formulations of special relativity (SR) and general relativity (GR), but there is no absolute time in SR/GR. Thus, there is no “holistic view” (view from all possible perspectives at the same instant in time). I show: Euclidean relativity (ER) provides a holistic view by describing nature in “objective concepts” (concepts that are immanent in all objects). “Pure distance” replaces spatial and temporal distance. “Pure energy” replaces wave and particle. I give one example where “process” replaces force and field. Each object’s proper space d1, d2, d3 and its proper time τ span a Euclidean 4D spacetime (ES), where d1, d2, d3 and d4 = cτ are pure distances. The new invariant is absolute, cosmic time θ. All energy moves through ES at the speed c. An observer’s reality is created by orthogonally projecting ES to his proper space and to his proper time. The two projections are reassembled in SR/GR to form a non-Euclidean spacetime. Information is lost in all projections. Thus, there will always be unsolved mysteries if we ignore ES. Physics now has two options: (1) It rejects ER and continues with weird concepts (cosmic inflation, expanding space, dark energy, non-locality). (2) It accepts ER and solves 15 fundamental mysteries (including time’s arrow and the Hubble constant tension) without these weird concepts. All solutions are purely geometrical. In particular, they require neither forces nor fields.

Einstein’s special relativity (SR) and general relativity (GR) describe nature in “subjective concepts” (concepts of observers), such as spatial and temporal distance, wave, particle, force, and field. The word “subjective” does not imply that SR/GR would be limited to one point of view. It implies that, despite the Lorentz covariance of SR and the general covariance of GR, any point of view in SR/GR is egocentric. Even coordinate-free formulations of SR/GR or all observers’ views taken together do not make a “holistic view” (comprehensive view from all possible perspectives at the same instant in time) because there is no absolute time in SR/GR. Here I show: Euclidean relativity (ER) describes nature in “objective concepts” (concepts that are immanent in all objects). “Pure distance” replaces spatial and temporal distance. “Pure energy” replaces wave and particle. Each object’s proper space d1, d2, d3 and its proper time τ span an absolute 4D Euclidean spacetime (ES), where d1, d2, d3 and d4 = cτ are pure distances. The invariant is absolute, cosmic time θ. All energy moves through ES at the speed c. An observer’s reality is created by orthogonally projecting the “master reality” ES to his proper space and to his proper time. In SR and GR, the two projections are reassembled to a non-Euclidean spacetime. Information is lost in projections. Thus, there will always be unsolved mysteries if we oppose ER. SR/GR are subordinate theories: Their subjective concepts describe an observer’s reality. ER describes ES and how his reality is created. On top, ER solves 15 mysteries purely geometrically, that is, without forces, fields, and weird concepts (cosmic inflation, expanding space, dark energy, non-locality). Why do physicists prefer weird concepts to two orthogonal projections?

Einstein’s special relativity (SR) and general relativity (GR) describe nature in “subjective concepts” (concepts of observers), such as spatial and temporal distance, wave, particle, force, and field. The word “subjective” does not imply that SR/GR would be limited to one point of view. It implies that, despite the Lorentz covariance of SR and the general covariance of GR, any point of view in SR/GR is egocentric. Even coordinate-free formulations of SR/GR or all observers’ views taken together do not make a “holistic view” (comprehensive view from all possible perspectives at the same instant in time) because there is no absolute time in SR/GR. Here I show: Euclidean relativity (ER) describes nature in “objective concepts” (concepts that are immanent in all objects). “Pure distance” replaces spatial and temporal distance. “Pure energy” replaces wave and particle. Each object’s proper space d1, d2, d3 and its proper time τ span an absolute 4D Euclidean spacetime (ES), where d1, d2, d3 and d4 = cτ are pure distances. The invariant parameter is cosmic time θ. All energy moves through ES at the speed c. An observer’s reality is created by orthogonally projecting the “master reality” ES to his proper space and to his proper time. In SR and GR, the two projections are reassembled to a non-Euclidean spacetime. Information is lost in projections. Thus, there will always be unsolved mysteries if we oppose ER. ER includes SR/GR as assisting theories: Their subjective concepts describe an observer’s reality. ER describes ES and how his reality is created. ER takes all benefits of SR/GR. On top (!), ER solves 15 mysteries purely geometrically, that is, without forces, fields, and weird concepts (cosmic inflation, expanding space, dark energy, non-locality). Why do physicists prefer highly speculative concepts to two simple, orthogonal projections? Why do they oppose ER?

Einstein’s special relativity (SR) and general relativity (GR) describe nature in “subjective concepts” (concepts of observers), such as spatial and temporal distance, wave, particle, and force. The word “subjective” does not imply that SR/GR would be limited to just one point of view. It implies that, despite the Lorentz covariance of SR and the general covariance of GR, any point of view in SR/GR is egocentric. Even coordinate-free formulations of SR/GR or all observers’ views taken together do not make a “holistic view” (comprehensive view from all possible perspectives at the same instant in time) because there is no absolute time in SR/GR. Here I show: Euclidean relativity (ER) describes nature in “objective concepts” (concepts that are immanent in all objects). “Pure distance” replaces spatial and temporal distance. “Pure energy” replaces wave and particle. Each object’s proper space d1, d2, d3 and its proper time τ span an absolute 4D Euclidean spacetime (ES), where d1, d2, d3 and d4 = cτ are pure distances. The invariant parameter is cosmic time θ. All energy moves through ES at the speed c. An observer’s reality is created by orthogonally projecting the “master reality” ES to his proper space and to his proper time. In SR and GR, the two projections are reassembled to a non-Euclidean spacetime. Information is lost in projections. Thus, there will always be unsolved mysteries if we oppose ER. ER includes SR/GR as assisting theories: Their subjective concepts describe an observer’s reality. ER describes ES and how his reality is created. ER has all the benefits of SR/GR. On top, ER solves the Hubble constant tension and 14 other mysteries without weird concepts (cosmic inflation, expanding space, dark energy, non-locality). Tell me: Why do physicists oppose ER?

Einstein’s special relativity (SR) and general relativity (GR) describe nature in “subjective concepts” (concepts of observers), such as relative spacetime, wave, particle, and force. The word “subjective” does not imply that SR/GR would be limited to one point of view. It implies that, despite the Lorentz covariance of SR and the general covariance of GR, any point of view in SR/GR is egocentric. Even coordinate-free formulations of SR/GR or multiple egocentric perspectives do not provide a “holistic view of nature” (comprehensive view of nature from all possible perspectives at the same instant in time) because there is no absolute time in SR/GR. Here I show: Euclidean relativity (ER) describes nature in “objective concepts” (concepts that are immanent in all objects). “Pure distance” replaces spatial and temporal distance. “Pure energy” replaces wave and particle. Each object’s proper space d1, d2, d3 and its proper time τ span an absolute 4D Euclidean spacetime (ES), where d1, d2, d3 and d4 = cτ are pure distances. All energy moves through ES at the speed of light c. An object’s proper time flows in the direction of its 4D motion. Thus, there is a relative 4D vector “flow of proper time”. The invariant parameter is absolute, cosmic time t. An observer’s reality is created by projecting ES orthogonally to his proper space and to his proper time. ER neither competes with nor replaces SR/GR. ER complements SR/GR by adding a holistic view. SR/GR describe each observer’s reality. ER describes the master reality ES, which is beyond each observer’s reality. ER solves 15 fundamental mysteries geometrically, such as time’s arrow, the horizon problem, the Hubble constant tension, dark energy, the wave–particle duality, entanglement, and the baryon asymmetry.

Einstein’s special relativity (SR) and general relativity (GR) describe nature in “subjective concepts” (concepts of observers), such as relative spacetime, wave, particle, and force. The word “subjective” does not imply that SR/GR would be limited to one perspective. It implies that—despite the Lorentz covariance of SR and the general covariance of GR—an observer’s perspective is always egocentric. Coordinate-free formulations of SR/GR or multiple egocentric perspectives do not provide a “holistic view of nature” (comprehensive view of nature from all possible perspectives at the same instant in time) because there is no absolute time in SR/GR. Here I show: Euclidean relativity (ER) describes nature in “objective concepts” (concepts that are immanent in all objects). “Pure distance” replaces spatial and temporal distance. “Pure energy” replaces wave and particle. Each object’s proper space d1, d2, d3 and its proper time τ span an absolute 4D Euclidean spacetime (ES), where d1, d2, d3 and d4 = cτ are pure distances. All energy moves through ES at the speed of light c. An object’s proper time flows in the direction of its 4D motion. Thus, there is a relative 4D vector “flow of proper time”. The invariant parameter is absolute, cosmic time t. An observer’s reality is created by projecting ES orthogonally to his proper space and to his proper time. ER neither competes with nor replaces SR/GR. ER complements SR/GR by adding a holistic view. ER describes the “master reality” ES, which is beyond each observer’s reality described by SR/GR. The holistic view solves 15 mysteries geometrically, in particular in cosmology and quantum mechanics. Examples are time’s arrow, the horizon problem, the Hubble constant tension, dark energy, entanglement, and the baryon asymmetry.

Einstein’s special relativity (SR) and general relativity (GR) describe nature in “subjective concepts” (concepts of an observer), such as relative spacetime, wave, particle, and force. Despite the Lorentz covariance of SR and the general covariance of GR, an observer’s perspective is always egocentric. Coordinate-free formulations of SR/GR or multiple egocentric perspectives do not provide a “holistic view of nature” (comprehensive view of nature from all possible perspectives at the same instant in time) because there is no absolute time in SR/GR. Here I show: Euclidean relativity (ER) describes nature in “objective concepts” (concepts that are immanent in all objects). “Pure distance” replaces spatial and temporal distance. “Pure energy” replaces wave and particle. Each object’s proper space d1, d2, d3 and its proper time τ span an absolute 4D Euclidean spacetime (ES), where d1, d2, d3 and d4 = cτ are pure distances. All energy moves through ES at the speed of light c. An object’s proper time flows in the direction of its 4D motion. Thus, there is a relative 4D vector “flow of proper time”. The invariant parameter is absolute, cosmic time t. An observer’s reality is created by projecting ES orthogonally to his proper space and to his proper time. ER neither competes with nor replaces SR/GR. ER complements SR/GR by adding a holistic view. ER describes the “master reality” ES, whereas SR/GR describe an observer’s reality. The holistic view solves 15 fundamental mysteries geometrically, in particular in cosmology and quantum mechanics. Examples are time’s arrow, the horizon problem, the Hubble constant tension, dark energy, entanglement, and the baryon asymmetry.

Einstein’s special relativity (SR) and general relativity (GR) describe nature in “subjective concepts” (concepts of an observer), such as relative spacetime, wave, particle, and force. Despite the Lorentz covariance of SR and the general covariance of GR, an observer’s perspective is always egocentric. Coordinate-free formulations of SR/GR or multiple egocentric perspectives do not provide a “holistic view of nature” (comprehensive view of nature from all possible perspectives at the same instant in time) because there is no absolute time in SR/GR. Here I show: Euclidean relativity (ER) describes nature in “objective concepts” (concepts that are immanent in all objects). “Pure distance” replaces spatial and temporal distance. “Pure energy” replaces wave and particle. Each object’s proper space d1, d2, d3 and its proper time τ span an absolute 4D Euclidean spacetime (ES), where d1, d2, d3 and d4 = cτ are pure distances. All energy moves through ES at the speed of light c. An object’s proper time flows in the direction of its 4D motion. Thus, there is a relative 4D vector “flow of proper time”. The invariant parameter is absolute, cosmic time t. An observer’s reality is created by projecting ES orthogonally to his proper space and to his proper time. ER neither competes with nor replaces SR/GR. ER complements SR/GR by adding a holistic view. SR/GR describe an observer’s reality but fail to solve various mysteries. ER describes the master reality ES but excludes the subjective concept of waves. Still, ER solves 15 fundamental mysteries geometrically, such as time’s arrow, the horizon problem, the Hubble constant tension, dark energy, entanglement, and the baryon asymmetry.