Mark P. Johnson's research while affiliated with Aarhus University and other places
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Publications (37)
Most bats catch nocturnal prey during active flight guided by echolocation but some species depart from this ancestral behaviour to capture ground prey using passive listening. Here, we explore the costs and benefits of these hunting transitions by combining high-resolution biologging data and DNA metabarcoding to quantify the relative contribution...
For vocal animals with distinctive calls, passive acoustic monitoring can be used to infer presence, distribution, and abundance provided that the calls and calling behaviour are known. Key to enabling quantitative acoustic surveys are calibrated recordings of identified species from which the source parameters of the sounds can be estimated. Obtai...
Passive acoustic monitoring has become an increasingly prevalent tool for estimating density of marine mammals, such as beaked whales, which vocalize often but are difficult to survey visually. Counts of acoustic cues (e.g., vocalizations), when corrected for detection probability, can be translated into animal density estimates by applying an indi...
Data S1. PAMGuide.zip - Zipped archive of R and MATLAB codes for PAMGuide.
Appendix S1. PAMGuide tutorial.
1. Many organisms depend on sound for communication, predator/prey detection and navigation. The acoustic environment can therefore play an important role in ecosystem dynamics and evolution. A growing number of studies are documenting acoustic habitats and their influences on animal development, behaviour, physiology and spatial ecology, which has...
Acoustic survey methods can be used to estimate density and abundance using sounds produced by cetaceans and detected using hydrophones if the probability of detection can be estimated. For passive acoustic surveys, probability of detection at zero horizontal distance from a sensor, commonly called g(0), depends on the temporal patterns of vocaliza...
[This corrects the article on p. e28353 in vol. 6.].
Simultaneous high resolution sampling of predator behavior and habitat characteristics is often difficult to achieve despite its importance in understanding the foraging decisions and habitat use of predators. Here we tap into the biosonar system of Blainville's beaked whales, Mesoplodon densirostris, using sound and orientation recording tags to u...
A long-baseline (LBL) acoustic system has been developed for the tracking of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) that have been tagged with digital acoustic recording devices (DTAGs), providing quantitative observations of submerged whale behavior during bubble net feeding. The system includes three high-frequency acoustic sources deployed fro...
Our long-range objective is to understand the oceanographic processes that influence the distribution of whales in the ocean. In support of this objective we are developing a fully-integrated autonomous acoustic observing system capable of detecting and classifying a wide range of marine mammal vocalizations (from blue whales to beaked whales; 10 H...
Beaked whales can remain submerged for an hour or more and are difficult to sight when they come to the surface to breathe. Passive acoustic detection (PAD) not only complements traditional visual-based methods for detecting these species but also can be more effective because beaked whales produce clicks regularly to echolocate on prey during deep...
1. Empirical testing of optimal foraging models for breath-hold divers has been difficult. Here we report data from sound and movement recording DTags placed on 23 short-finned pilot whales off Tenerife to study the foraging strategies used to catch deep-water prey. 2. Day and night foraging dives had a maximum depth and duration of 1018 m and 21 m...
Copyright (2008) Acoustical Society of America. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the Acoustical Society of America.
The following article appeared in The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America and may be found at:
http://scitation.aip.org/content/asa/journal/jasa/...
A long-baseline (LBL) acoustic system has been developed for the tracking of humpback whales (Megaptera no-vaeangliae) that have been tagged with digital acoustic recording devices (DTAGs), providing quantitative observations of submerged whale behavior during bubble net feeding. The system includes three high-frequency acoustic sources deployed fr...
Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) exhibit a variety of foraging behaviours, but neither they nor any baleen whale are known to produce broadband clicks in association with feeding, as do many odontocetes. We recorded underwater behaviour of humpback whales in a northwest Atlantic feeding area using suction-cup attached, multi-sensor, acousti...
Beaked whales (Cetacea: Ziphiidea) of the genera Ziphius and Mesoplodon have been reported to mass strand during naval sonar exercises, and the ability to mitigate such negative effects is of increasing importance. Beaked whales dive for long periods and are difficult to sight at the surface. We discuss new results suggesting that passive acoustic...
Acoustic studies of baleen whales are becoming increasingly common. However, a minority of studies combines acoustic data with technologies that allow sound production to be placed in a detailed behavioral context. Noninvasive digital acoustic recording tags (DTAGS) were attached to humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) on the western North Atla...
Right whales use sound to mediate many social interactions. Examples include females producing screams to initiate the formation of surface active groups, adult males producing gunshot displays in agonistic contexts, and mothers producing contact calls when reuniting with their calves. We are just beginning to understand the more sophisticated abil...
Mysticetes and odontocetes differ in many morphological and behavioral aspects related to feeding. Odontocetes echolocate using clicks to localize prey, while the mechanism through which mysticetes orient and find food is unknown. In this study, DTAGs were deployed on four humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) observed feeding off the northeaste...
Sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) produce multipulsed clicks with their hypertrophied nasal complex. The currently accepted view of the sound generation process is based on the click structure measured directly in front of, or behind, the whale where regular interpulse intervals (IPIs) are found between successive pulses in the click. Most sper...
Numerous studies have been conducted on humpback whale song, but substantially fewer have focused on the acoustic properties of non-song sound production (i.e., feeding and social sounds). Non-invasive digital acoustic recording tags (DTAGS) were attached to humpback whales on the western North Atlantics Great South Channel feeding grounds during J...
Blainville's beaked whales (Mesoplodon densirostris) hunt their prey by echolocation at depths of more than 500 meters. These whales use a FM upswept, ultrasonic click, of greater than an octave bandwidth to search for, localize, and close on individual prey which generally consist of mesopelagic fishes and squid. It is well known that acoustic sca...
Strandings of beaked whales of the genera Ziphius and Mesoplodon have been reported to occur in conjunction with naval sonar use. Detection of the sounds from these elusive whales could reduce the risk of exposure, but descriptions of their vocalizations are at best incomplete. This paper reports quantitative characteristics of clicks from deep-div...
The three-dimensional beam pattern of a sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) tagged in the Ligurian Sea was derived using data on regular clicks from the tag and from hydrophones towed behind a ship circling the tagged whale. The tag defined the orientation of the whale, while sightings and beamformer data were used to locate the whale with respect...
Novel observations collected from video, acoustic and conductivity sensors showed that Antarctic fur seals consistently exhale during the last 50-85% of ascent from all dives (10-160 m, n > 8000 dives from 50 seals). The depth of initial bubble emission was best predicted by maximum dive depth, suggesting an underlying physical mechanism. Bubble so...
During foraging dives, sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) produce long series of regular clicks at 0.5-2 s intervals interspersed with rapid-click buzzes called "creaks". Sound, depth and orientation recording Dtags were attached to 23 whales in the Ligurian Sea and Gulf of Mexico to test whether the behaviour of diving sperm whales supports the...
Drag and buoyancy are two primary external forces acting on diving marine mammals. The strength of these forces modulates the energetic cost of movement and may influence swimming style (gait). Here we use a high-resolution digital tag to record depth, 3-D orientation, and sounds heard and produced by 23 deep-diving sperm whales in the Ligurian Sea...
North Atlantic right whales were extensively hunted during the whaling era and have not recovered. One of the primary factors inhibiting their recovery is anthropogenic mortality caused by ship strikes. To assess risk factors involved in ship strikes, we used a multi-sensor acoustic recording tag to measure the responses of whales to passing ships...
Definitive studies on the response of marine mammals to anthropogenic sound are hampered by the short surface time and deep-diving lifestyle of many species. A novel archival tag, called the DTAG, has been developed to monitor the behavior of marine mammals, and their response to sound, continuously throughout the dive cycle. The tag contains a lar...
Reports on the diving behavior of a sperm whale tagged and tracked on September 6, 2000 during the Sirena 2000 cruise in the Ligurian Sea. A total of about 4.5 h of acoustic and nonacoustic sensor data were recorded when a sperm whale was tagged with a Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution developed tag with a hydrophone, motion, and pressure sensor...
Signal detection is a critical stage in the implementation of any
effective communications system. The underwater acoustic environment,
particularly in the presence of underwater vehicles, presents
significant challenges to reliable detection without excessive false
alarms. While there is often sufficient signal-to-noise ratio with
respect to stati...
A variety of marine mammal species have been shown to conserve energy by using negative buoyancy to power prolonged descent glides during dives. A new non-invasive tag attached to North Atlantic right whales recorded swim stroke from changes in pitch angle derived from a three-axis accelerometer. These results show that right whales are positively...
The Near Shore Acoustic Network Experiment (NSANE) was conducted at the Scripps Pier in May 1999 to ascertain the physical properties of the very shallow water and surf zone environments which enable or constrain acoustic communications. Results of the analysis of the experimental data will be presented focusing on the properties of the environment...
An acoustic data logger has been developed which utilizes a two‐channel DAT recorder housed in aluminum and attached to the dorsal fin. The recorder has a flat frequency response from 10 Hz to 14 kHz, and each tape can store 120 min. The first suction‐cup hydrophone (sensitivity −205 dB) was placed 10 cm posterior of the blowhole, and the second 20...
Citations
... ;https://doi.org/10.1101https://doi.org/10. /2023 Current research packages that implement call alignment strategies are either used in matlab (Malinka et al. 2020;Anisimov et al. 2014) or c++ (Gill et al. 2015). However these tools have not, up to now, been adapted for the R environment, a popular programming language among many animal behaviour and bioacoustic researchers. ...
... Li et al. 10.3389/fmars.2022.1014945 beaked whales (Baumann-Pickering et al., 2013;Frantzis et al., 2002;Hildebrand et al., 2015;Warren et al., 2017). An intuitive estimation for the number of cues produced by an individual per unit time can be roughly calculated by simply taking the inverse of the mean ICI. ...
... Our work constitutes a significant contribution to the development of a methodology for monitoring and characterizing underwater soundscapes in a fast and automatic way, thereby complementing previous works on underwater soundscape analysis [71][72][73]. ...
... Since then, numerous types of data loggers have been built and used in the field. Several important parameters that are routinely recorded today, such as body acceleration (13), video images (14), echolocation (15), and GPS position (16), started to be measured Time-depth recorder for seal (8) Inexpensive depth gauge for penguin (9) Small mechanical recorder for seal (10) and penguin (11) Acoustic logger for dolphin (15) Video camera for seal (14), Accelerometer for penguin (13), Geolocator for seabird (19) GPS logger for seabird (16), Implantable logger for tuna (18) Transmitter for salmon (23) Transmitter with various sensors for marine fish (25,26) Transmitter for marine fish (24) ...
... Blainville's beaked whale in Madeira was found to have a restricted ecological niche with preference for warm waters and steep relief areas close to major canyons . In the Canary Islands, Blainville's beaked whales approach the seafloor to feed and have a preferred distribution around 1500 m depth contour (Arranz et al., 2014). Cuvier's beaked whales occur in all archipelagos year-round, but most information is only available for the Canary Islands where the species shows a high level of residency in some islands such as El Hierro, Lanzarote and Fuerteventura (Arranz et al., 2014;Fernández et al., 2013). ...
... Density can be estimated from actually counting animals or, alternatively, from some indicator of an animal's presence, called a cue, such as visual observations of whale blows or recorded acoustic signals (Buckland, 2006;Buckland et al., 2015;Marques et al., 2013). Estimating density from acoustic data is particularly effective for cetaceans; acoustic cues may be more detectable than visual cues because they propagate over longer ranges and can be readily detected by autonomous platforms capable of more persistent monitoring than visual surveys (Barlow et al., 2013;Marques et al., 2013). ...
... The incorporation of inertial sensors in tags enables the estimation of a dead-reckoned track, though these are also imperfect due to additive error in the sensors and ignorance to external forces, e.g. currents (Johnson & Tyack, 2003;Liu, Battaile, Trites, & Zidek, 2015;Schmidt et al., 2007;Shiomi et al., 2010). Irrespective of these errors, pseudo tracks do, however, capture the qualitative nature of animal movement and can be useful in inferring how animals move, rather than where they go; for our purpose, these tracks illustrate the degree to which right whales move horizontally within dives (Figure 7). ...
... cavirostris) off southern California [3], although it is possible that these animals were exposed to Navy sonar during those deployments [3,19,20]. Echolocation clicks used in foraging are produced only below 200 m; whales are typically silent during shallow dives [1,[21][22][23]. The shallow dives were originally believed to help prevent nitrogen gas formation in tissues [24], but occasional extended surface durations, and the ascent and descent rates of shallow dives, suggest that this is not the case [4,25]. ...
... Visualization tools are critical for data exploration and interpretation for animal-borne tags. TrackPlot, a 3D visualization software created by biologists and data visualization experts, facilitated the first detailed description of benthic side-roll feeding by humpback whales and greatly advanced our understanding of complex biomechanics and kinematics [44,[54][55][56]. Existing marine mammal tag visualization tools, such as TrackPlot, Sea Mammal Research Unit's MAMVIS, and Wildlife Computers' Data Portal, are primarily focused on geolocation or kinematic representations of dive behavior and rarely incorporate physiological measurements such as heart rate, which are often recorded using separate dataloggers [13,35,54]. ...
... menerima pantulan suara dari dasar laut atau dari segerombolan ikan yang ada dalam jangkauannya (Arranz et al., 2011). ...