Mark P Jensen’s research while affiliated with University of Washington and other places

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Publications (811)


Therapeutic hypnosis and sports performance: a systematic review
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June 2025

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Mark P. Jensen

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Quantifying the Impact of Concurrent Analgesic Use in Interventional Pain Trials: A Meta-Epidemiologic Study

May 2025

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12 Reads

Pain Medicine

Objective The modest effect sizes of most pain treatments make it essential that randomized controlled trials (RCTs) use methods that clearly define treatment effects of interest and consider the role of concurrent treatments. This study aims to determine how frequently concurrent analgesic use is reported in interventional pain RCTs and how accounting for analgesic use can affect estimates of pain intensity outcomes. Design Meta-epidemiologic study. Methods We conducted a study of concurrent analgesic use among RCTs from a recent systematic review of non-surgical interventional pain treatments (n = 37). We calculated the prevalence of methods used to report concurrent analgesic use. We performed meta-analyses to compare treatment effects on pain intensity with vs. without accounting for concurrent analgesic use via a novel quantitative composite outcome, the “QPAC1.5.” Results About half of interventional pain RCTs reported concurrent analgesic use, but only one directly accounted for concurrent analgesic use in their pain intensity outcome. Analyses accounting for concurrent analgesics using the QPAC1.5 substantially increased the estimated treatment effect of interventions on pain intensity by an average of − 0.45 numeric rating scale points (95% CI − 0.76 to − 0.14; p < 0.001), as compared to analyses that did not adjust for analgesic use. Conclusion Concurrent analgesic use is sometimes reported in interventional pain RCTs, but rarely accounted for when examining treatment effects on pain intensity. Accounting for concurrent analgesic use may mitigate the effects of that use and substantially impact estimated treatment effect sizes.



Hypnosis and mindfulness audio recordings for reducing fatigue in individuals with multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled study

April 2025

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17 Reads

Background Fatigue is a common problem in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective The objective was to evaluate the effects on fatigue of having 4 weeks of access to audio recordings of therapeutic hypnosis (HYP) and mindfulness meditation (MM) practices. Methods A total of 333 individuals with MS and fatigue were randomly assigned to one of the three treatment conditions for 28 weeks: (1) access to therapeutic HYP audio recordings, (2) access to MM audio recordings, or (3) no access to recordings (treatment as usual or TAU). Fatigue impact (primary outcome) and other outcomes were assessed at 4, 16, and 28 weeks after random assignment. Results Participants assigned to the HYP and MM conditions reported significantly greater reductions in fatigue impact, sleep disturbance, and depressive symptom severity than participants assigned to the TAU condition after 4 weeks of access to audio recordings of these interventions. These improvements were maintained for 16 and 28 weeks following initial access and did not result in any serious adverse events. Conclusion Given the ease with which audio recordings of HYP and MM could be provided to individuals with MS, the findings support the feasibility of a simple approach to have a significant beneficial impact on people with MS-related fatigue.





Use and Benefits of a Digital Therapeutic for Chronic Pain Management: A Pilot Study
  • Article
  • Publisher preview available

March 2025

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49 Reads

Chronic pain is a common condition that has significant negative effects on individuals and society. Opioids continue to be the primary treatment provided to the billions of individuals with chronic pain, despite their general lack of efficacy and significant negative side effects. A growing body of research supports the potential of therapeutic hypnosis for helping individuals better manage their chronic pain. However, access to this treatment is limited. The availability of a hypnosis digital therapeutic has the potential to address this access problem. The present study was designed to evaluate the feasibility of a digital therapeutic hypnosis prototype (not yet released to the broader public). Fifty-four individuals with chronic pain were randomly assigned to have (a) 4 weeks of access to the prototype or (b) 2 weeks of no access followed by 2 weeks of access. Feasibility and clinical outcomes were assessed by the prototype and at baseline and again 2 and 4 weeks after randomization. Medium or larger effect size pre- to postsession improvements in the study coprimary outcomes (current pain and feeling inspired; Cohen’s ds = 0.67 and 0.60, respectively) were observed when listening to a 10- or 20-min therapeutic hypnosis session. In addition, medium or larger effect size benefits across several important pain-related variables were observed after 4 weeks of access and use. These preliminary findings support the continued development of the application in order to provide an easily accessible and highly scalable option for people wishing to gain control over their chronic pain.

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Citations (52)


... A strength of this study is the large number of participants and very large number of periods analyzed (>11,000) over 1-year of follow-up. Another unique strength is that, as reported elsewhere, [19] the current study sample has been shown to be representative of the underlying study population of military Veterans with LBP served by the VAPSHCS healthcare system serving 5 states in the western US, with respect to a wide range of sociodemographic, medical, psychological, and other clinical factors. A study limitation is that although we established the convergent validity of the study's participant-dependent flare definition as compared to LBP intensity, LBP-related pain interference, and analgesic use, we did not conduct similar analyses for other important pain-related domains (e.g., changes in depression, coping, etc.). ...

Reference:

Convergent validity of a person-dependent definition of a low back pain flare
Evaluating the representativeness of a cohort study of low back pain: Using electronic health record data to make direct comparisons of study participants with non-participants from the study population
  • Citing Article
  • November 2024

Journal of Pain

... Several studies [11,29,30,31,32,33] have utilized MI to reduce internet gaming behaviours. Tse, Siu [31] conducted GMI via a mixed methods approach across primary, secondary and university students and found reductions in gaming time and enhanced motivation, though risks of IGD remained unchanged. ...

Group Motivational Interviewing for Adolescents at Risk of Internet Gaming Disorder: A Mixed-Methods Preliminary Evaluation

Clinical Social Work Journal

... For a detailed description of the trial kit, EEG headset, and the software application, please refer to. 22 Participants received guidance through Zoom calls for their initial two sessions, during which they were encouraged to ask any questions about the set-up or procedure. ...

A home-based self-directed EEG neurofeedback intervention for people with chronic neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury (the StoPain Trial): description of the intervention

Spinal Cord

... In addition to these benefits, it is possible to find reports of the anxiolytic, relaxing and analgesic effects of hypnosis in dentistry (Leonan-Silva et al., 2025;Seabra et al., 2019), including in pediatric patients (Ramírez-Carrasco et al., 2017). It is worth noting that this technique is considered safe and has few limitations but is still rarely used by dental surgeons in clinical routine (Jones et al., 2024;Leonan-Silva et al., 2025). ...

Adjunctive use of hypnosis for clinical pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis

PAIN Reports

... Shoulder injuries are often related to scapular movement dysfunction (Sungkue et al., 2024), affecting the scapular position and motion, potentially weakening the rotator cuff muscles, causing impingement, and reducing the size of the subacromial space (Mihata et al., 2010). The quick and repetitive motion of table tennis can injure rotator cuff muscles, which are essential for maintaining scapular stability (Li et al., 2021;Zhang et al., 2020). ...

Effects of Lumbar Stabilization on Scapular Muscle Activity, Activation Onset Time, and Kinematics in Individuals with Scapular Dyskinesis

... Risk of prescription opioid misuse has been linked to different psychological factors in people with chronic noncancer pain (CNCP), including dispositional transdiagnostic variables such as trait impulsivity (Marino et al. 2013;Ramírez-Maestre et al. 2024;Ramesh and Evans 2018;Vest et al. 2016). Impulsivity is defined as a predisposition to unplanned rapid actions regardless of the potential negative consequences (Moeller et al. 2001). ...

Vulnerability Factors, Adjustment, and Opioid Misuse in Chronic Noncancer Pain Individuals
  • Citing Article
  • June 2024

Journal of Pain

... However, the underlying mechanisms of these effects remain largely unexplored. Jensen and Barrett's review [10] (this volume) delves into the potential role of electroencephalogram (EEG)-assessed bandwidth power in identifying individuals who may benefit most from hypnotic analgesia and in understanding how these effects manifest. Their findings are discussed in light of the slow-wave hypothesis, which suggests that brain activity in slower-frequency bands (such as theta and alpha) may facilitate hypnotic responsiveness. ...

The Role of Electroencephalogram-Assessed Bandwidth Power in Response to Hypnotic Analgesia

... A single administration of i.v. lidocaine 3 mg/kg was given over 1 h [10,30,31]. The average intensity of pain score on the NRS at baseline and immediately after infusion, including any AEs, were recorded. ...

Long-term pain outcomes after serial lidocaine infusion in participants with recent onset of peripheral neuropathic pain: A pilot double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Medicine

... Both telehealth-and individually-delivered MBIs are feasible and efficacious in chronic pain populations. [12][13][14][15] In addition, a study that directly compared a group-delivered to an individual-delivered mindfulness-based cognitive therapy intervention in patients with depression and a chronic somatic disease indicated that both were similarly effective in improving psychological well-being outcomes. 16 Therefore, an individually delivered, telehealth MBI is a promising alternative for patients after spine surgery. ...

The effects of telehealth-delivered mindfulness meditation, cognitive therapy, and behavioral activation for chronic low back pain: a randomized clinical trial

BMC Medicine

... Furthermore, VR mind-body exercises may be combined with other forms of exercise as a mixed method to promote the health of older adults successfully at low cost. Other data show spiritually based interventions including meditation and yoga can also benefit blood pressure control-a common knee osteoarthritis co-occurring sign [28] as well as pain [29] and lipid levels [30] that may be helpful in a disease where obesity is a key factor [31]. It is also possible that observed autonomic system dysfunction in osteoarthritis that evokes pain may be favorably affected via the adoption and practice of one or more meditative approaches [32]. ...

Positive Impacts of Psychological Pain Treatments: Supplementary Analyses of a Randomized Clinical Trial