Marisa Montoya's research while affiliated with Complutense University of Madrid and other places
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Publications (70)
Rate-induced tipping (R-tipping) describes the fact that, for multistable dynamic systems, an abrupt transition can take place not only because of the forcing magnitude, but also because of the forcing rate. In the present work, we demonstrate through the case study of a piecewise-linear oscillator (PLO), that increasing the rate of forcing can mak...
In the last decades, great effort has been made to reconstruct the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ca. 21,000 years before present, 21 kyr ago). Uncertainties underlying its modelling have led to large differences in fundamental features such as its maximum elevation, extension and total volume. However, the uncerta...
Rate-induced tipping (R-tipping) describes the fact that, for multistable dynamic systems, an abrupt transition can take place not only because of the forcing magnitude, but also because of the forcing rate. In the present work, we demonstrate through the case study of a piecewise-linear oscillator (PLO), that increasing the rate of forcing can mak...
The temperature distribution in ice sheets is worthy of attention given the strong relation with ice dynamics and the intrinsic information about past surface temperature variations. Here we refine the classical analysis of free oscillations in an ice sheet by analytically solving the thermal evolution of an ice column. In so doing, we provide anal...
Little is known about the distribution of ice in the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Whereas marine and terrestrial geological data indicate that the grounded ice advanced to a position close to the continental-shelf break, the total ice volume is unclear. Glacial boundary conditions are potentially important source...
We describe the physics and features of the ice-sheet model Yelmo, an open-source project intended for collaborative development. Yelmo is a thermomechanical model, solving for the coupled velocity and temperature solutions of an ice sheet simultaneously. The ice dynamics are currently treated via a “hybrid” approach combining the shallow-ice and s...
Abstract. Little is known about the distribution of ice in the Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Whereas marine and terrestrial geological data indicate that the grounded ice advanced to a position close to the continental-shelf break, the total ice volume is unclear. Glacial boundary conditions are potentially import...
We describe the physics and features of the ice-sheet model Yelmo, an open-source project intended for collaborative development. Yelmo is a thermomechanical model, solving for the coupled velocity and temperature solutions of an ice sheet simultaneously. The ice dynamics are currently treated via a "hybrid" approach combining the shallow-ice and s...
Imposing freshwater flux (FWF) variations in the North Atlantic is an effective method to cause reorganizations of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in climate models. Through this approach, models have been able to reproduce the abrupt climate changes of the last glacial period. Such exercises have been useful for gaining insi...
The Northeast Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS) has been suffering a significant ice mass loss during the last decades. This is partly due to increasing oceanic temperatures in the subpolar North Atlantic, which enhance submarine basal melting and mass discharge. This demonstrates the high sensitivity of this region to oceanic changes. In addition, a re...
The last glacial period (LGP; ca. 110–10 kyr BP) was marked by the existence of two types of abrupt climatic changes, Dansgaard–Oeschger (DO) and Heinrich (H) events. Although the mechanisms behind these are not fully understood, it is generally accepted that the presence of ice sheets played an important role in their occurrence. While an importan...
Temperature reconstructions from Greenland ice-sheet (GrIS) ice
cores indicate the occurrence of more than 20 abrupt warmings during the
last glacial period (LGP) known as Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) events. Although
their ultimate cause is still debated, evidence from both proxy data and
modelling studies robustly links these to reorganisations of th...
The Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) is the largest ice sheet on Earth and hence a
major potential contributor to future global sea-level rise. A wealth of
studies suggest that increasing oceanic temperatures could cause a collapse
of its marine-based western sector, the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, through the
mechanism of marine ice-sheet instability, lead...
The Northeast Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS) area has been suffering a significant ice mass loss during the last decades. This is partly due to increasing oceanic temperatures in the subpolar North Atlantic, which enhance submarine basal melting and mass discharge. This demonstrates the high sensitivity of this region to oceanic changes. Alongside, a...
Temperature reconstructions from Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) ice cores indicate the occurrence of more than twenty abrupt warmings during the Last Glacial Period (LGP) known as Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) events. Although their ultimate cause is still debated, evidence from both proxy data and modelling studies robustly links these to reorganisations o...
The last glacial period (LGP; ca.110–10kaBP) was marked by the existence of two types of abrupt climatic changes, Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) and Heinrich (H) events. Although the mechanisms behind these are not fully understood, it is generally accepted that the presence of ice sheets played an important role in their occurrence. While an important ef...
The Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) is the largest ice sheet on Earth and hence a major potential contributor to future global sea-level rise. A wealth of studies suggest that increasing oceanic temperatures could cause a collapse of its marine-based western sector, the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, through the mechanism of marine ice-sheet instability, lead...
Observations suggest that during the last decades the Greenland Ice Sheet
(GrIS) has experienced a gradually accelerating mass loss, in part due to the
observed speed-up of several of Greenland's marine-terminating glaciers.
Recent studies directly attribute this to warming North Atlantic
temperatures, which have triggered melting of the outlet gla...
The last glacial period (LGP; ca. 110–10 ka BP) was marked by the existence of two types of abrupt climatic changes, Dansgaard-Oeschger (D/O) and Heinrich (H) events. Although the mechanisms behind these are not fully understood, it is generally accepted that the presence of ice sheets played an important role in their occurrence. While an importan...
![Figure 2. Time evolution of (a) grounded ice volume [million km 3 ] and...](publication/320937516/figure/fig1/AS:558583478788096@1510188087601/Time-evolution-of-a-grounded-ice-volume-million-km-3-and-b-ice-covered-area_Q320.jpg)
Observations suggest that during the last decades the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) has experienced a gradually accelerating mass loss, in part due to the observed acceleration of several of Greenland’s marine-terminating glaciers. Recent studies directly attribute this to increasing North Atlantic temperatures, which have triggered melting of the GrI...
Offline forcing methods for ice-sheet models often make use of an index
approach in which temperature anomalies relative to the present are calculated by
combining a simulated glacial–interglacial climatic anomaly field,
interpolated through an index derived from the Greenland ice-core temperature
reconstruction, with present-day climatologies. An...
Palaeo data suggest that Greenland must have been largely ice free during Marine Isotope Stage 11 (MIS-11). However, regional summer insolation anomalies were modest during this time compared to MIS-5e, when the Greenland ice sheet likely lost less volume. Thus it remains unclear how such conditions led to an almost complete disappearance of the ic...
![Values of σt\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath}...](publication/301594530/figure/fig10/AS:960095919816732@1605916113947/Values-of-stdocumentclass12ptminimal-usepackageamsmath-usepackagewasysym_Q320.jpg)
![a AMOC streamfunction (in Sv) between 15∘\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}...](publication/301594530/figure/fig11/AS:960095924015106@1605916114153/a-AMOC-streamfunction-in-Sv-between-15documentclass12ptminimal_Q320.jpg)
We assess the use of the meridional thermal-wind transport estimated from zonal density gradients to reconstruct the oceanic circulation variability during the last millennium in a forced simulation with the ECHO-G coupled climate model. Following a perfect-model approach, model-based pseudo-reconstructions of the Atlantic meridional overturning ci...
Observations suggest that during the last decades the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) has lost a huge amount of ice, significantly contributing to current sea level rise. A portion of this intensified ice discharge is connected to the observed acceleration of Greenland's marine-terminating glaciers, which recent studies directly attribute to increasing...
Proxy data reveal that in the last glacial-interglacial cycles the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) has experienced changes of its ice volume contributing to past sea-level variations. The AIS is nowadays the largest ice sheet in the world and potentially the largest contributor to a future long term sea-level rise. Because it suffers no significant ablat...
Dansgaard-Oeschger (D/O) events were recurrent glacial abrupt climatic transitions between cold and warm conditions over Greenland with an approximate characteristic time of a thousand years. The uncertainties among the available sea level reconstructions hinder our understanding of the interactions between climate and global ice volume. In additio...
The last glacial period was punctuated by abrupt climate changes that are widely considered to result from millennial-scale variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). However, the origin of these AMOC reorganizations remains poorly understood.
The climatic connection between both hemispheres indicated by proxies suggests...
The last glacial period was punctuated by abrupt climate changes that are widely considered to result from millennial-scale variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). However, the origin of these AMOC reorganizations remains poorly understood. The climatic connection between both hemispheres suggested by proxies indicate...
Significance
Periodic episodes of massive iceberg discharges from the large Northern Hemispheric ice sheets into the North Atlantic Ocean occurred throughout the last glacial cycle. It is still not clear whether they resulted from internal ice dynamics alone or were possibly externally driven. Results of our simulations of the Laurentide Ice Sheet...
This work analyses the ocean heat content (OHC) described by two forced simulations of the last millennium, performed with the ECHO-G atmosphere-ocean General Circulation Model (AOGCM). The results are evaluated by comparing with observations and results from other models of different complexity. A 1000-yr long control ECHO-G simulation is also use...
Studies addressing climate variability during the last millennium generally focus on variables with a direct influence on climate variability, like the fast thermal response to varying radiative forcing, or the large-scale changes in atmospheric dynamics (e.g. North Atlantic Oscillation). The ocean responds to these variations by slowly integrating...
The study of Greenland ice cores revealed two decades ago the abrupt character of glacial millennial-scale climate variability. Several triggering mechanisms have been proposed and confronted against growing proxy-data evidence. Although the implication of North Atlantic deep water (NADW) formation reorganisations in glacial abrupt climate change s...
The Last Glacial Period (LGP) was characterized by the presence of three
large ice sheets in the Northern Hemisphere (Greenland, Eurasian
Fennoscandian and Laurentide). The latter occupied most of North America
and representing a quantity of ice similar than to present-day
Antarctica. It is thought to be the main contributor to the six major
episod...
Marine and continental records and ice core data have revealed the
existence of pronounced millennial time-scale climate variability during
the last glacial cycle. Greenland ice core records show abrupt
transitions known as Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) events within decades from
cold (stadial) to relatively warm (interstadial) conditions, followed by
sl...
The study of Greenland ice cores revealed two decades ago the abrupt character of glacial millennial-scale climate variability. Several triggering mechanisms have been proposed and confronted against growing proxy-data evidence. Although the implication of North Atlantic deep water (NADW) formation reorganisations seems robust nowadays, their final...
The study of Greenland ice cores revealed two decades ago the abrupt character of glacial millennial-scale climate variability. Several triggering mechanisms have been proposed and confronted against growing proxy-data evi-dence. Although the implication of North Atlantic deep water (NADW) formation reorganisations in glacial abrupt climate change...
Ice core data and marine and continental records reveal the existence of
pronounced millennial time-scale climate variability during the last
glacial cycle. Greenland ice core records show abrupt transitions known
as Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) events within decades from cold (stadial) to
relatively warm (interstadial) conditions, followed by a slow co...
Heinrich events, identified as enhanced ice-rafted detritus (IRD) in North Atlantic deep sea sediments (Heinrich, 1988; Hemming, 2004) have classically been attributed to Laurentide ice-sheet (LIS) instabilities (MacAyeal, 1993; Calov et al., 2002; Hulbe et al., 2004) and assumed to lead to important disruptions of the Atlantic meridional overturni...
Heinrich events, identified as enhanced ice-rafted detritus (IRD) in North Atlantic deep sea sediments (Heinrich, 1988; Hemming, 2004) have classically been attributed to Laurentide ice-sheet (LIS) instabilities (MacAyeal, 1993; Calov et al., 2002; Hulbe et al., 2004) and assumed to lead to important disruptions of the Atlantic meridional overturni...
The variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is investigated in several climate simulations with the ECHO-G atmosphere-ocean general circulation model, including two forced integrations of the last millennium, one millennial-long control run, and two future scenario simulations of the twenty-first century. This constitu...
The last glacial period was characterised by abrupt climate and environmental changes on millennial time scales. Two types of events dominate this variability: Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) events, which involve decadal-scale warming by more than 10 K, and Heinrich events, consisting of massive iceberg discharges from the Laurentide Ice Sheet during peak...
Heinrich event 1 triggered through warmer Nordic subsurface waters
The last glacial period (ca. 110-10 kyr before present, hereafter kyr BP) is characterized by substantial climate instability, manifested as climatic variability on millennial timescales. Two types of events dominate this variability: Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) events, which involve decadal-scale warming by more than 10K, and Heinrich events, massive...
The dynamics of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre (SPG) are assessed under present and glacial boundary conditions by investigating
the SPG sensitivity to surface wind-stress changes in a coupled climate model. To this end, the gyre transport is decomposed
in Ekman, thermohaline, and bottom transports. Surface wind-stress variations are found to pla...
A number of climate simulations with the ECHO-G model, including two forced integrations of the last millennium, one millennial-long control run and two future scenario simulations of the 21st century are employed to analyse the variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). This constitutes a new framework in which the AMOC...
1] Using a coupled model of intermediate complexity the sensitivity of the last glacial maximum (LGM) Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) to the strength of surface wind-stress is investigated. A threshold is found below which North Atlantic deep water formation (DWF) takes place south of Greenland and the AMOC is relatively weak. Ab...
A cessation of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) significantly reduces northward oceanic heat transport. In response to anomalous freshwater flux, this leads to the classic 'bipolar see-saw' pattern of northern cooling and southern warming in surface air and ocean temperatures. By contrast, as shown here in a coupled climate model,...
Because of its relevance for the global climate the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) has been a major research focus for many years. Yet the question of which physical mechanisms ultimately drive the AMOC, in the sense of providing its energy supply, remains a matter of controversy. Here we review both observational data and model...
The Atlantic thermohaline circulation (THC) is an important part of the earth's climate system. Previous research has shown large uncertainties in simulating future changes in this critical system. The simulated THC response to idealized freshwater perturbations and the associated climate changes have been intercompared as an activity of World Clim...
An intercomparison of eight EMICs (Earth system Models of Intermediate Complexity) is carried out to investigate the variation
and scatter in the results of simulating (1) the climate characteristics at the prescribed 280ppm atmosphere CO2 concentration, and (2) the equilibrium and transient responses to CO2 doubling in the atmosphere. The results...
We herein present the CLIMBER-3α Earth System Model of Intermediate Complexity (EMIC), which has evolved from the CLIMBER-2
EMIC. The main difference with respect to CLIMBER-2 is its oceanic component, which has been replaced by a state-of-the-art
ocean model, which includes an ocean general circulation model (GCM), a biogeochemistry module, and a...
As part of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, integrations with a common design have been undertaken with eleven different climate models to compare the response of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation (THC) to time-dependent climate change caused by increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration. Over 140 years, during which the CO2 concentrati...
1] The cold climate anomaly about 8200 years ago is investigated with CLIMBER-2, a coupled atmosphere-ocean-biosphere model of intermediate complexity. This climate model simulates a cooling of about 3.6 K over the North Atlantic induced by a meltwater pulse from Lake Agassiz routed through the Hudson strait. The meltwater pulse is assumed to have...
Using the coupled climate model CLIMBER-3a, we investigate changes in sea surface elevation due to a weakening of the thermohaline circulation (THC). In addition to a global sea level rise due to a warming of the deep sea, this leads to a regional dynamic sea level change which follows quasi-instantaneously any change in the ocean circulation. We s...
Since the early 1990s, the role of Southern Ocean winds in driving the Global Thermohaline Circulation (THC) is being controversially discussed. Traditionally, the THC has been thought to be driven by downward transport of heat at low latitudes, leading to deep water upwelling. Some researchers, in contrast, have made a strong case for wind-driven...
It has been suggested that the intensity of the inflow and outflow from the Atlantic basin is largely determined by the strength of the Southern Ocean zonal wind-stress component. The basic idea is that the surface inflow into the Atlantic occurs via north- bound Ekman transport generated by the Southern Ocean westerlies, and that a com- pensating...
We use Chluorofluorocarbons to asses the representation of horizontal and vertical mixing, bottom water formation and ventilation rates in two versions of the GFDL modular ocean model MOM3 (2x1 and 5x5 degree resolution). In the past few years, the introduction of the Gent and McWilliams (GM) adiabatic isopycnal mixing scheme has been shown to im p...
The climate at the Last Interglacial Maximum (125 000 years before present) is investigated with the atmosphere-ocean general
circulation model ECHAM-1/LSG and with the climate system model of intermediate complexity CLIMBER-2. Comparison of the results
of the two models reveals broad agreement in most large-scale features, but also some discrepan...
The ECHAM-1 T21/LSG coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model (GCM) is used to simulate climatic conditions at the last interglacial maximum (Eemian, 125 kyr BP). The results reflect the expected surface temperature changes (with respect to the control run) due to the amplification (reduction) of the seasonal cycle of insolation in the Nor...
The last interglacial (Eemian, 125,000 years ago) has generally been
considered the warmest time period in the last 200,000 years and thus
sometimes been used as a reference for greenhouse projections. Herein we
report results from a coupled ocean-atmosphere climate model of the
surface temperature response to changes in the radiative forcing at th...
Understanding the physics of what determines the strength and structure of the oceanic meridional overturning circulation still poses a challenge. Dense deep and bottom waters are formed at high latitudes, spread throughout the ocean at depth, and return to the upper ocean. Where exactly the upwelling occurs and by which mechanisms is not yet fully...
The study of Greenland ice cores revealed two decades ago the abrupt character of glacial millennial-scale climate variability. Several triggering mechanisms have been proposed and confronted against growing proxy-data evidence. Although the impli-cation of North Atlantic deep water (NADW) formation reorganisations seems robust 5 nowadays, their fi...
The authors thank the referee for the time devoted to review the manuscript and for his/her useful and constructive comments. All the points cited by the referee were carefully considered and the article has substantially benefited from the changes proposed. Each point arisen by the referee has been highlighted in blue and precedes the correspondin...
Progress in understanding climate variability and change depends on our knowledge of the transport mechanisms and energy and matter (e. g. freshwater and chemical components) exchanges among the different components of the climate system. Through their energy and mass interactions with the other components of the climate system (atmosphere, cryosph...
Citations
... and ice-stream representation. In fact, recent studies have shown significant consequences of this uncertainty for the Antarctic Ice Sheet (e.g., Blasco et al., 2021). We herein consider three scenarios of varying dynamic complexity and their consequences on the Laurentide ice streams, configuration, extension and volume among others. ...
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... Numerical experiments are conducted with a higher-order three-dimensional ice-sheet model Yelmo (Robinson et al., 2020(Robinson et al., , 2022. ...
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