Marion Huber-Humer's research while affiliated with University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna and other places
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Publications (108)
Waste management (WM) is a very trans- and interdisciplinary field of research. How wastes are managed, collected, treated and disposed have a significant impact on the public health and environment. WM and its strategies have been clearly broadened and changed during the past 25 years. Further, burden on limited resources will cause environmental...
The quantity and type of macro- and microplastics was investigated in rotting material during the composting process of two state-of-the-art composting plants in Austria. Microplastics >0.2 mm, were found already after the first turning event in both facilities. The generation of microplastics was more extensive in the plant that used shorter turni...
Biogas and biomethane production can play an important role in a fossil-fuel-free energy supply, provided that process-related methane (CH4) losses are minimized. Addressing the lack of representative emission data, this study aims to provide component specific CH4 emission factors (EFs) for various biogas plant technologies, enabling more accurate...
The goal of this study is a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of processes and flows within the solid waste management (WM) system in Kutaisi, Georgia, and the wider Imereti region. The applied methodology based upon data collected through customized questionnaires enabled both the formal and informal sectors (IS) to be characterized. Moreove...
Reliable and comparable quantification methods are needed for assessing the effectiveness of the biogas production and utilisation process in mitigating methane (CH4) emissions as well as improving the database for emission inventories. The objective of this study was to compare and validate CH4 emissions quantified at two agricultural biogas plant...
Investigations of the behavior and effects of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) on human health and the environment need detailed knowledge of their fate and transport in environmental compartments. Such studies are highly challenging due to low environmental concentrations, varying size distribution of the particles and the interference with the nat...
Landfill methane currently represents the largest global source of greenhouse gas emissions from the solid waste sector. Emissions are expected to increase due to increasing waste generation, particularly in countries still landfilling biodegradable wastes. As a complementary measure to gas extraction with subsequent flaring or energy conversion, o...
Emerging photovoltaic systems (EPVs) such as organic solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, perovskite solar cells, and quantum dots solar cells are currently under development, opening up new fields of application due to their lightweight and flexible design and low-cost production. To assess the environmental sustainability of innovations or ad...
The paper discusses the experience of using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in the management of municipal solid waste landfills and dumpsites. Although the use of drones at waste disposal sites (WDS) has a more than ten-year history, the active application of these technologies has increased in the last 3–4 years. The paper analyzes scientific publ...
The paper discusses how the choice of software and hardware components used in unmanned aerial systems (UAS) affects the accuracy of estimating volume on landfills and dumpsites, and the amount of ground work needed to create a high-altitude justification of reference geodetic network. A non-specialized low-cost unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and a...
This report (only available in German) is part of the final report of the Austrian UniNEtZ-project. This option tackles the question of how to better implement Targets 12.4 and 12.5 of the UN's SDG 12 in the Austrian context and provides insights and steps to take to achieve this goal.
The production and use of engineered nanomaterials and nano-enabled products is increasing, enabling innovations in many application areas, e.g., in the sector of food contact materials. However, nanosafety-relevant information for chemical risk assessment is still scarce, leading to a high level of uncertainty and making the early integration of s...
Housing plays a central role in everyday life and the fulfillment of human needs. Temporary housing demand can occur due to migration, extreme environmental events or personal decisions, and is expected to increase in the upcoming years. This study aims to create a general understanding of temporary housing. We conducted an integrated comparison of...
This study justifies the prospect of using aerial imagery from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for technological monitoring and operational control of municipal solid waste landfills. It presents the results of surveys (aerial imagery) of a number of Russian landfills, which were carried out using low-cost drones equipped with standard RGB cameras....
The possibilities of using remote sensing of the Earth data to assess the formation of phytocenoses at reclaimed dumps and landfills are presented. The objects of study are landfills and dumps in the Perm Territory, which differed from each other in the types and timing of reclamation work. The state of the vegetation cover on the reclaimed and sel...
The emissions of tyre wear particles (TWPs) into the environment are increasing and have negative impacts on the environment and human health. The aim of this study was therefore to establish a mass balance for vehicle tyres und TWP emissions in Austria using static material flow analysis, which enabled a quantification of mass flows of rubber incl...
In biogas plants, where biological treatment of organic matter by anaerobic digestion (AD) is performed, as well as in plants for upgrading of biogas to biomethane, there might be emissions to air from different parts of the plants. Precise and comparable methods to quantify methane (CH4) emissions from biogas plants are necessary to evaluate mitig...
Zusammenfassung
Bromierte Flammschutzmittel (engl. brominated flame retardants, kurz BFR) werden häufig in Kunststoffen von Elektrogeräten eingesetzt, um mögliche Brände durch elektrische Kurzschlüsse zu verhindern. Da einige BFRs persistent, human- und ökotoxisch sind, wurde deren Anwendung in Produkten eingeschränkt. Mehrere Studien zeigen, dass...
Despite the fact that nanomaterials have been in use for decades and chemicals legislation is largely harmonised within the EU, quantitative and safety-relevant information on nanomaterials is still scarce. In particular, information about production volumes, their unique physicochemical properties (size, specific surface area, etc.) and nanomateri...
Zusammenfassung
In dieser Studie wurden Makro- und Mikrokunststoffe in einem Größenbereich von 10–0,63 mm in neun Komposten aus drei, nach dem Stand der Technik betriebenen österreichischen Kompostanlagen untersucht. In den untersuchten Komposten wurden zwischen 13 und 111 Kunststoffpartikel pro kg TM gefunden. Eine Hochrechnung der gefundenen Mini...
Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are nanocrystals used in diverse optoelectronics and at the end of their useful life they are likely to end up in landfills, where they could be leached by infiltrating rain water. In this context, spectroscopic and light scattering techniques were employed in this work to investigate the environmental fate of QDs e...
Die Energie ist eine grundlegende physikalische Größe, die in allen bekannten Betrachtungsebenen auftritt und deren Einheit das Joule (1 J) ist. Das Wort Energie kommt aus dem Griechischen und bedeutet „innen wirken“, in diesem Sinne die Eigenschaft eines Systems (Körper, Stoff, Mechanismus), aus sich heraus eine bestimmte Wirkung zu entfalten. Bei...
Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) can contain brominated flame retardants (BFRs) that pose a threat to human health and the environment. In addition, Br-containing plastics reduce the recycling potential of WEEE. In order to gain a better insight into the distribution of Br in plastics from WEEE, the total concentration of Br was mea...
Erratum zu: Österr Wasser- und Abfallw 2019 10.1007/s00506-019-00639-7 Leider befindet sich in Abb. 4 ein Fehler. Sie finden die korrigierte Abbildungen …
Zusammenfassung
Kunststoffe in Elektroaltgeräten (EAG) enthalten häufig bromierte Flammschutzmittel (BFR), die unbeabsichtigt freigesetzt und somit zu negativen Umwelt- und Gesundheitsauswirkungen führen können. Zusätzlich vermindern BFR die Qualität von Rezyklaten, wobei Grenzwerte gemäß RoHS-Richtlinie (1000 ppm je BRF-Typ) und Abfallbehandlungsp...
This document is a product of the project “MetHarmo – European harmonisation of methods to quantify methane emissions from biogas plants”, which aimed to compare different methods and intended to highlight their strengths and limitations. Since there are different methods available to quantify methane emissions, a need to compare the results of mea...
![Abb. 14 Ammoniumstickstoff [mg/kg TM] in den Endproben aus Abschnitt A...](publication/331992566/figure/fig1/AS:740703776821250@1553608950320/Abb-14-Ammoniumstickstoff-mg-kg-TM-in-den-Endproben-aus-Abschnitt-A-bis-D-der_Q320.jpg)
In 17 Wochen dauernden Praxisversuchen wurden 2 unterschiedliche Verfahren (konventionelle Mietenkompostierung und mikrobielle Carbonisierung) zur Behandlung von Gemüseabfällen getestet. Neben der Frage nach dem für diesen Anwendungsfall besser geeigneten Verfahren interessierte auch der Einfluss von Zwiebeln auf Prozess- und Endproduktqualität. Ei...
Nanomaterials can improve the properties of food contact materials. Innovations of this kind are of particular interest for food packaging made out of plastic materials. The purpose of their use is to improve food storage and so to guarantee both freshness and quality. A further goal is to improve the technical properties of materials in order to m...
Significant knowledge and data gaps associated with the fate of product-embedded engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in waste management processes exist that limit our current ability to develop appropriate end-of-life management strategies. This review paper was developed as part of the activities of the IWWG ENMs in Waste Task Group. The specific obj...
Im Vergleich zu Metallerzen der Erdkruste sind Metalle in Elektro- und Elektronikaltgeräten (EAGs) in deutlich höheren Konzentrationen vorhanden, sind aber häufig in komplexe Matrizen unterschiedlicher Metalle oder in Nichtmetall-Metall-Komplexe eingebunden. Aufgrund der komplexen Materialzusammensetzung von EAGs, die v. a. durch eine Vielzahl von...
To date construction materials that contain engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are available at the markets, but at the same time very little is known about their environmental fate. Therefore, this study aimed at modeling the potential fate of ENMs by using the example of the Japanese construction sector and by conducting a dynamic material flow anal...
Nanomaterialien können die Eigenschaften von Lebensmittelkontaktmaterialien verbessern. Insbesondere für Lebensmittelverpackungen aus Kunststoff sind derartige Innovationen von großem Interesse. Sie zielen darauf ab, die Lagerungsfähigkeit von Lebensmitteln zu erhöhen und damit die Frische sowie Qualität zu gewährleisten. Auch die technischen Eigen...
In the USSR quite efficient and robust centralistic waste management system was build up even earlier than in many developed European countries. It’s operation was possible only under conditions of a planned economy, although some approaches were quite successful and might be adopted for the EU circular economy concept. After USSR collapse transiti...
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are already used for a myriad of product applications as such novel materials allow for increasing its performance (e.g. ENM-enhanced thin film solar cells or wall paints having antibacterial properties). Due to their small size and relatively high reactivity, ENMs can behave differently from their bulk counterparts....
Synthetisch hergestellte Nanomaterialien sind in der Industrie bereits ein fester Bestandteil und haben zu neuen Produktentwicklungen geführt. Auf der einen Seite versprechen Nanomaterialien aufgrund ihrer Größe sowie spezifischen und chemisch sehr reaktiven Oberflächen vielversprechende Anwendungsgebiete. Auf der anderen Seite lassen sich über der...
Seit geraumer Zeit finden künstlich hergestellte und oberflächenmodifizierte Nanomaterialien in diversen Alltagsprodukten Anwendung. Für die gegenständliche Materialflussanalyse wurden 6 Nanokonsumprodukte ausgewählt, die am österreichischen Markt erhältlich sind und vorwiegend metallische Nanomaterialien enthalten (d. h.: Nano-SiO2, -TiO2, -Ag ode...
Fluorescent nanomaterials and semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are already in use in different fields such as electronic devices or for bioimaging due to their outstanding optical properties and high photostability. For example, QDs are applied as semiconductors for LED-applications or solar cells 1. To enhance their colloidal stability as well as...
By converting anaerobic landfills into a biologically stabilized state through accelerating aerobic organic matter degradation, the effort and duration necessary for post-closure procedures can be shortened. In Austria, the first full-scale application of in-situ landfill aeration by means of low pressure air injection with simultaneous off-gas col...
The number of products containing engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) has increased due to their high industrial relevance as well as their use in diverse consumer products. At the end of their life cycle ENMs might be released to the environment and therefore concerns arise regarding their environmental impact. In order to track their fate upon dispos...
Controlling and monitoring of emissions from municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills is important to reduce environmental damage and health risks. Therefore, simple and meaningful monitoring tools are required. This paper presents how Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy can be used to monitor leachate from various landfill sites. The comp...
Measuring greenhouse gas emissions at biological waste treatment facilities, especially methane (CH4), represents an important precondition for reliably assessing the relevance of these emissions, and for justifying measures to avoid their release. In the context of recording emitted methane loads, sites characterized by large quantities of diffuse...
This section is meant to give readers an insight into the emerging field of nanotechnologies and risk regulation. It informs and updates readers on the latest European and international developments in nanotechnologies and risk regulation across different sectors (e.g., chemicals, food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals) and policy areas (e.g., environmen...
During the biological treatment of organic waste nitrous oxide and methane are generated, both greenhouse gases. An increase in separate collection together with a ban to landfill organic waste has led to a significant increase in the amount of organic waste undergoing treatment in recent years. Thus, also greenhouse gas emissions from mechanical-b...
Im Rahmen dieses zweijährigen Projektes wurde untersucht, ob die österreichische Abfallwirtschaft (AWS) ihre Ziele gemäß Abfallwirtschaftsgesetz (AWG) erreicht, und ob allenfalls die dazu eingesetzten finanziellen Mittel wirkungsvoller eingesetzt werden könnten. Dazu wurde eine neue, auf Materialbilanzen, Lebenszyklus- und Szenarienanalysen basiere...
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are currently used in over 1,600 consumer products. As these ENM-laden materials and/or products reach the end of their useful life, the development of appropriate end-of-life management strategies to manage the ENMs is crit ical to minimize human and/or environment exposure. Currently, there are significant knowledg...
Producing biochar from biowaste as a potential new waste treatment method, as well as its importance in the context of soil substrate production (or as a soil amendment) and as an option for carbon binding in soils, has only recently attracted attention in Austria. Biochar is industrially produced, e.g. by means of pyrolysis, with the first industr...
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are already extensively used in diverse consumer products. Along the life cycle of a nano-enabled product, ENMs can be released and subsequently accumulate in the environment. Material flow models also indicate that a variety of ENMs may accumulate in waste streams. Therefore, a new type of waste, so-called nanowaste...
A micrometeorological method, combining an inverse dispersion technique with path-integrated concentration measurements, was applied on an Austrian biogas plant over the period of more than one year to determine emissions of the whole plant. Measurement campaigns were conducted to characterize the emission response to operational activities (e.g. d...
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) can potentially be released during all waste treatment processes and can accumulate in residual materials, scrap materials, secondary raw materials or composts. Nonetheless, only few studies are available on the fate and behavior of ENMs during recycling and disposal. In Austria more than half of the waste produced b...
Synthetisch hergestellte Nanomaterialien (Engineered Nanomaterials – ENM) können potentiell entlang des gesamten Lebenszyklus eines Produktes freigesetzt werden. Die Nutzung von Produkten mit suspendierten ENM, wie Sonnenschutzmittel, führt mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit zu einem unmittelbaren Umwelteintrag. Hingegen können fest in eine Produktmatrix...
Synthetically produced nanomaterials (Engineered Nanomaterials – ENMs) can potentially be released along the entire lifecycle of a product. The use of products with suspended ENMs, such as sunscreen lotions, almost certainly leads to an immediate environmental input. In contrast, ENMs that are solidly integrated in a product matrix can only be rele...
ABSTRACT: The objective of this study is to clarify the material flow of specific nanomaterials with focus on construction materials to deviate its release scenarios for the end-of-life phase. The waste stream of construction and demolition (C&D) waste is very interesting because it is generated by both households and industry. Furthermore, the vol...
Nanotechnology and engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are already established in high-tech consumer products. Currently the Nanowerk Nanomaterial DatabaseTM contains over 3’000 ENMs which can be used for R&D and commercialization. As a result, metal-based ENMs, such as nano-TiO2, -SiO2, -ZnO, -Ag etc., are applied, e.g., for cosmetics and construction...
An inverse dispersion technique in conjunction with Open-Path Tunable-Diode-Laser-Spectroscopy (OP-TDLS) and meteorological measurements was applied to characterise methane (CH4) emissions from an Austrian open-windrow composting plant treating source-separated biowaste. Within the measurement campaigns from July to September 2012 different operati...
Open digestate storage tanks were identified as one of the main methane (CH4) emitters of a biogas plant. The main purpose of this paper is to determine these emission rates using an inverse dispersion technique in conjunction with open-path tunable diode laser spectroscopy (OP-TDLS) concentration measurements for multisource reconstruction. Since...
Isotopenanwendungen für Sanierung, Nachsorge und Monitoring von kontaminierten Standorten
The EU has revised its 10-year-old directive on waste electrical and electronic equipment, with wider definitions and higher collection and recovery targets. Stefan Salhofer and Marion Huber-Humer of the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences in Vienna report.
Stable isotopic signatures of landfill leachates are influenced by processes within municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills mainly depending on the aerobic/anaerobic phase of the landfill. We investigated the isotopic signatures of δ13C, δ2H and δ18O of different leachates from lab-scale experiments, lysimeter experiments and a landfill under in situ...
Sustainable landfilling has become a fundamental objective in many modern waste management concepts. In this context, the in situ aeration of landfills has been recognised for its potential to convert conventional anaerobic landfills into biological stabilised state, whereby both current and potential (long-term) emissions of the landfilled waste a...