Marinah Awang’s research while affiliated with Sultan Idris Education University and other places

ABSTRAK Kepimpinan instruksional merupakan gaya kepimpinan paling asas yang perlu dikuasai oleh pemimpin di sekolah. Hal ini kerana kepimpinan instruksional dikatakan mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan terhadap pembelajaran pelajar, kompetensi pengajaran guru dan seterusnya prestasi sekolah. Gaya kepimpinan instruksional dilihat masih relevan berdasarkan kemunculan pelbagai model kepimpinan instruksional sejak empat dekad. Sehingga kini, model kepimpinan instruksional yang dipelopori oleh sarjana barat telah merentas sempadan benua termasuklah di Malaysia. Namun, adakah model-model kepimpinan instruksional acuan barat yang menjadi rujukan kebanyakan pemimpin pendidikan di Malaysia benar-benar memenuhi konteks pendidikan negara kita? Umum mengetahui bahawa model-model kepimpinan instruksional barat dibina berorientasikan persekitaran dan budaya di Barat dan Eropah. Oleh yang demikian, tujuan artikel berformatkan kertas konsep ini akan menyelusuri keperluan membangunkan satu model watan kepimpinan instruksional acuan Malaysia berdasarkan tinjauan literatur. Dengan memilih literatur terdahulu dari tahun 2000 sehingga 2020, pengkaji akan menganalisis model-model kepimpinan instruksional yang dibangunkan oleh sarjana tempatan dengan memberikan fokus kepada elemen-elemen yang dicadangkan. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat membantu pengkaji merumuskan elemen-elemen utama dalam model kepimpinan instruksional yang dicadangkan. Seterusnya dapatan ini dijangkakan akan dapat membantu pengkaji membuat pertimbangan dalam pemilihan isu-isu yang akan menjadi jurang dalam kajian ini. Kata kunci: kepimpinan instruksional, model, watan, isu-isu, permasalahan kajian, jurang kajian ABSTRACT Instructional leadership is the most basic style of leadership that school leaders need to master. This is because instructional leadership is deemed to have a significant relationship to student learning, teacher teaching competence, and hence school performance. Instructional leadership styles are still seen to be relevant based on the emergence of various instructional leadership models over the past four decades. The evolution of the instructional leadership model pioneered by western scholars has crossed continental borders to include Malaysia. However, do the Western instructional leadership models that form the reference for most educational leaders in Malaysia meet the educational context of our country? It is common knowledge that western instructional leadership models are environmentally and culturally oriented to the West and European nations. Therefore, the purpose of this concept paper, in article format, is to explore the need to develop a Malaysian model of instructional leadership, based on literature reviews. By reviewing the literature from 2000 to 2020, the researcher will analyze the instructional leadership models developed by local scholars, focusing on the proposed elements. The results of this study are expected to help the researcher formulate the main elements of the proposed instructional leadership model. Subsequently, these findings are expected to help researchers form judgments concerning the selected issues covered in this study.

Fall is the most common injury among children either in the presence of caregivers. Therefore, this study aims to review research articles on caregivers’ factors published from 1998 to 2021 in Scopus and WoS database. We used PRISM methodology comprising four stages of identification, screening, eligibility and analysis to identify future research recommendations. The findings revealed that caregivers’ factors frequently investigated in previous studies could be divided into four themes; caregivers’ demographic information, risk perception, child supervision and safety measures knowledge. We suggest future researchers examine caregivers’ factors from social, cultural and economic perspectives using quantitative and qualitative approaches to develop a theory explaining children’s fall risk that currently seemed to be absent.

Abstrak Kepimpinan instruksional masih kekal relevan sungguhpun telah melebihi tiga dekad. Situasi ini dapat dibuktikan dengan kepelbagaian model kepimpinan instruksional hasil usaha sarjana barat dan juga tempatan. Di Malaysia, kepimpinan instruksional mendapat mandat dalam Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia (PPPM) 2013-2025 dengan menyarankan agar pemimpin sekolah bertindak sebagai pemimpin instruksional. Walau bagaimanapun, terdapat kecenderungan dalam kalangan pemimpin instruksional tempatan menjadikan model-model kepimpinan instruksional acuan barat sebagai sumber rujukan utama walhal terdapat perbezaan khususnya aspek persekitaran dan budaya. Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan untuk membanding beza elemen-elemen yang terdapat dalam lima model kepimpinan instruksional barat dan empat model kepimpinan instruskional tempatan bermula tahun 2000 hingga kini menggunakan kaedah analisis dokumen. Hasil analisis literatur ini membuktikan wujud elemen-elemen yang perlu penambahbaikan teori berdasarkan amalan dalam konteks Malaysia. Kajian ini diharapkan dapat membantu pengkaji merumuskan elemen-elemen utama yang perlu ada dalam sesebuah model kepimpinan instruksional. Hasil rumusan ini nanti akan dijadikan asas pertimbangan dalam pemilihan elemen bagi tujuan pembangunan model watan kepimpinan instruksional sekolah di Malaysia. Kata kunci: kepimpinan instruksional, perbandingan model, PPPM, model watan Abstract Instructional leadership remains relevant even after more than three decades. This situation can be substantiated by the diversity of instructional leadership models resulting from the efforts of western and local scholars. In Malaysia, instructional leadership is mandated in the Malaysian Education Development Plan (PPPM) 2013-2025 that advocates school leaders act as instructional leaders. However, there is a tendency amongst local instructional leaders to make western-model instructional leadership models as the main source of reference, even though there are differences, especially in the environmental and cultural aspects. Thus, this study aims to compare the different elements found in five western instructional leadership models, and four local instructional leadership models from the year 2000 onwards, by using the document analysis method. The results of the literature analysis indicate that based on practices in the Malaysian context, there are elements in the theory that must be improved. It is hoped that this study can help researchers formulate the main elements that must be present in an instructional leadership model. The results of this summary will be used as the basis for consideration in the selection of elements for developing a model of instructional leadership in Malaysian schools.

Abstrak Pendidikan yang berkualiti sangat bergantung kepada tahap profesionalisme guru dan keberhasilan kepimpinan pendidikan. Pelbagai kajian berkaitan kepimpinan pendidikan berfokus kepada kepimpinan Pengetua dan Guru Besar, berbanding meneliti peranan pemimpin pertengahan yang turut menjadi tunjang kepimpinan pendidikan. Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kesepakatan pakar terhadap konstruk kompetensi kepimpinan organisasi bagi pemimpin pertengahan di kolej matrikulasi menggunakan pendekatan Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM). Satu instrumen yang mengandungi konstruk dan senarai elemen dikemukakan kepada seramai 30 orang pakar dari pelbagai bidang dan latarbelakang bagi memperoleh kesepakatan panel pakar. Dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa panel pakar bersetuju dengan konstruk dan elemen kompetensi kepimpinan organisasi yang dikemukakan. Nilai threshold semua 15 elemen yang diuji memenuhi syarat d≤0.2, memperoleh kesepakatan pakar melebihi 75% dengan nilai antara 86.7% sehingga 100% persetujuan, dan melepasi syarat nilai alpha cut melebihi 0.5 (α-cut≥0.5) iaitu dengan nilai antara 0.870 hingga 0.929. Proses defuzzification yang dijalankan menerusi FDM juga telah menyusun semula semua elemen berdasarkan pangkatan yang dipersetujui oleh pakar. Kajian ini berjaya mengemukakan satu konstruk baharu dengan mengambi kira elemen-elemen penting dalam konsteks kompetensi kepimpinan organisasi yang melibatkan pemimpin pertengahan. Kata kunci: Kompetensi kepimpinan organisasi, pemimpin pertengahan, Fuzzy Delphi Method Abstrack Quality education is highly dependent on the level of teacher professionalism and the effectiveness of educational leadership. Many studies on educational leadership focus on the leadership of Principals and Head Teachers, rather than examining the roles of middle leaders who are also the backbone of educational leadership. Thus, this study aims to obtain expert consensus on the construct of organisational leadership competencies for intermediate leaders in matriculation colleges using the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) approach. An instrument containing constructs and a list of elements was submitted to a total of 30 experts from various fields and backgrounds to obtain expert panel agreement. The findings of this study indicate that the expert panel agreed with the constructs and elements of organisational leadership competencies presented. The threshold values of all 15 elements tested met the condition of d≤0.2, obtained expert agreement exceeding 75% with values ranging from 86.7% to 100% agreement, and exceeded the requirement of alpha cut values exceeding 0.5 (α-cut≥0.5) with values ranging from

Kajian ini adalah satu kajian pembangunan dengan matlamat khusus adalah untuk menjelaskan pendekatan dalam pembangunan model kompetensi pemimpin pertengahan. Ketika ini, Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia turut memberi perhatian penting terhadap usaha membangunkan pemimpin sokongan yang berkemahiran dan berkualiti sejajar dengan fokus Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia 2013-2025. Pemimpin pertengahan yang dilantik perlu memiliki kompetensi khusus bagi membolehkan mereka melaksanakan strategi penyampaian perkhidmatan yang berkualiti di dalam organisasi. Amalan kompetensi dalam perkhidmatan ini selari dengan polisi Jabatan Perkhidmatan Awam. Sehubungan dengan itu, kajian ini mencadangkan pendekatan kajian reka bentuk dan pembangunan (DDR) iaitu, satu pendekatan kajian pembangunan yang bersifat pelbagai kaedah (multi method). Menggunakan DDR, kajian ini akan melalui tiga fasa kajian dan menggunakan beberapa alat kajian yang berbeza di setiap fasa. Penglibatan peserta kajian dari kumpulan pakar dan kumpulan pengguna dapat memberikan input yang pelbagai dan mengambil kira keperluan model dalam konteks Malaysia. Keyword: pemimpin pertengahan, reka bentuk dan pembangunan, kompetensi ____________________________________________

The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between safety and wellbeing konstruk among secondary school students in Kanowit district of Sarawak. The sample of this study consisted of 160 students from secondary schools in Kanowit district. Instrument was modified from MOE (2002); Konu and Lintonen (2006); Sufean and Norlia (2006); MDS3 School Climate Survey (2014). The findings showed that safety construct for secondary school students is significantly at high level (min=3.31) while wellbeing construct is practice at medium level (min=2.87). There is a significant relationship between safety construct with wellbeing among students at Pearson r, which is (p=0.000)=0.529 where p<0.05. Implications of this study had shown that safety must be practiced effectively in schools, not just for establishing school safety but as well as to enhance students’ wellbeing. Therefore, safety must be practiced and managed effectively and efficiently so that students’ wellbeing is always preserved.

This paper discusses strategic considerations derived from findings of a grounded theory study exploring the process of leading learning among Orang Asli students. Using Glaser's Classic Grounded Theory method, the study captures learners' voices and analyses how they have survived the schooling process despite the challenges and deficit theorising surrounding them. The emerging findings make explicit five strands of roles that contributed to the success of Orang Asli primary education: parents, learners, kindergartens, primary schools and significant others. In this paper, however, the authors focus on the role of kindergartens in leading the learning of Orang Asli students. The findings capture the concerns, actions and provisions that supported Orang Asli students in transiting the home to school journey. Strategic considerations for improvement of kindergartens leading learning of Orang Asli students are discussed in context with implications for practice. By listening to learners' voices, kindergartens can reflect and raise their commitment for contextually inclusive pedagogy that avoids deficit theorising.

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to examine the leadership practices in unique Eastern perspectives of Malaysian educational institutions through the lens of Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory. Methodology: A survey using LMX 7 questionnaire was used to obtain LMX explanations among Malaysian educational sector workers, determining whether they belong to either in-group or out-group in their workplace setting. Results: Although the research found descriptive classifications of the workers as followers in the leadership setting, there are cultural factors inherent in the result leading to the significance of the research in Malaysia as a unique multi-cultural country in the East. Implication: The study is useful for the policy makers so they can formulate better policies through clear identification of followers’ types in leadership setting. For the practitioners, this study adds to the knowledge to better delegation of the followers in regards to responsibility and administrative sharing of tasks. This paper gives valuable reference to educational practitioners especially the managers to enlighten on the suitable practice of leadership style grounded on the unique cultural context in Malaysian education.