Marco Annoni's research while affiliated with Italian National Research Council and other places
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Publications (18)
Control interventions (often called “sham,” “placebo,” or “attention controls”) are essential for studying the efficacy or mechanism of physical, psychological, and self-management interventions in clinical trials. This article presents core recommendations for designing, conducting, and reporting control interventions to establish a quality standa...
Control interventions (often called “sham,” “placebo,” or “attention controls”) are essential for studying the efficacy or mechanism of physical, psychological, and self-management interventions in clinical trials. This article presents core recommendations for designing, conducting, and reporting control interventions to establish a quality standa...
Randomised placebo-controlled trials are implemented to determine whether a particular therapy is superior to placebo and can thus be considered, effective. However, adopting the standard RCT design in contexts other than pharmacological trials, such as manual therapy, may result in systematic biases. These biases may occur due to: the impossibilit...
Due to the significant increase in interest in placebos, biomedical scientists have incorporated placebo innovations into a modern methodological research scenario in order to increase the quality of clinical studies. Indeed, the randomised-controlled trial design has changed dramatically, and these changes have had an impact on manual therapy rese...
Background: There is increasing use of psychotherapy apps in mental health care.
Objective: This mixed methods pilot study aimed to explore postgraduate clinical psychology students' familiarity and formal exposure to topics related to artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) during their studies.
Methods: In April-June 2020, we conduct...
Background
There is increasing use of for machine learning-enabled tools (e.g., psychotherapy apps) in mental health care.
Objective
This study aimed to explore postgraduate clinical psychology and psychotherapy students’ familiarity and formal exposure to topics related to artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) during their studies....
In the last decades “shared decision-making” has been hailed as the new paradigm for the doctor-patient relationship. However, different models of clinical decision-making appear to be compatible with the core tenets of “shared decision-making”. Reconsidering Emanuel and Emanuel (1992) classic analysis, in this paper we distinguish five possible mo...
While there is undisputedly a great need to establish, maintain, evaluate, provide and disseminate good treatments, the consensus as to what constitutes a good treatment is far less established. Here, we deconstruct the phrase into its components, seeking to describe definitory elements of both what is to be considered a treatment and how this coul...
Throughout the history of medicine, multiple conceptions of “placebo” and “placebo effect” have often co-existed across different domains, and today the meaning of these concepts is still disputed. Against this background, this chapter provides a succinct account of the key events in the history of the concepts of “placebo,” “placebo control,” and...
In the field of placebo studies residual disagreement about the terminology ‘placebo’ and ‘placebo effect’ still persists. We differentiate between the conceptualization of placebos in clinical trials; and placebo effects understood as a psychobiological phenomenon. With respect to the latter, we argue that a scientific ‘placebo paradigm’ has emerg...
In this chapter we explore the ethics of informed consent with respect to the prescription of effective treatments, like acupuncture, that according to evidence-based standards have a prevalent placebo component. First, we review empirical studies demonstrating that placebo effects may significantly modulate symptoms in highly prevalent conditions,...
Background:
Placebo and nocebo effects occur in clinical or laboratory medical contexts after administration of an inert treatment or as part of active treatments and are due to psychobiological mechanisms such as expectancies of the patient. Placebo and nocebo studies have evolved from predominantly methodological research into a far-reaching int...
This chapter provides a synthetic overview of the contemporary debate over the ethics of placebos and placebo effects in both clinical and research contexts. Section 1 briefly reconstructs how ethical attitudes toward the use of placebos have changed during the last century following the emergence of autonomy in medical ethics. Next, Sections 2–4 c...
In this article we propose a critical reassessment of Daniel Moerman's "meaning response." First, we reconstruct and criticize Moerman's original proposal of introducing the "meaning response" as a way of clarifying some terminological and conceptual issues in the placebo debate. Next we evaluate the criticisms that Moerman's proposal is epistemica...
In this article we explore the ethics of manipulating verbal information for the sake of influencing health outcomes through placebo and nocebo responses. Recent scientific research on placebo and nocebo effects has drawn attention to the ways in which communication by health professionals may modulate the symptoms of patients across an array of hi...
Citations
... In so doing, when study results yield null findings, it can indicate an ineffective intervention, but it can also be attributed to other factors, such as inadequate delivery of the intervention. As with the active intervention, it is also important to adequately describe any comparison interventions using the TIDieR template [11,30,31]. ...
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... While blinding of participants was done in some studies, it was unclear in other studies. Keeping in line with recent recommendations [62], future studies should concentrate on better blinding of participants and also therapists in maintaining blinding including adding a measure of blinding effectiveness. Only one study [58] had reported using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) guidelines [63]. ...
... 9 Although control interventions are a central feature of efficacy trials, existing guidance for control intervention design focuses on individual therapies, such as psychotherapy, 10 behavioural interventions, 11 rehabilitation, 12 sports and exercise, 13 physiotherapy, 14 and manual therapy. 15 These guidelines provide no quality checklist and few generalisable principles; moreover, they often disregard problems of intervention complexity. 9 Consequently, various specialties follow different approaches to fundamental questions of control intervention design, such as how closely the control should resemble the study intervention. ...
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... In a clinical context, including neurosurgery, LLMs could serve multiple purposes. Firstly, they could play a significant role in patient education, simplifying complex neurosurgical procedures, and providing insights into the recovery process in an accessible language [40]. Secondly, these models could help facilitate medical research, from identifying new hypotheses to aiding in clinical decision-making by providing summaries of recent research, medical literature, or guideline updates relevant to specific cases [41]. ...
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... These surveys mainly focus on specific professions (physiotherapists, nurses, surgeons). However, it is conceivable that distinct health professions perceive the relative importance of CFs differently [25]. Various factors, such as the diverse nature of their activities, the selective processes to access the studies or even the perception of their discipline's epistemology, could influence HCPs' views of CFs. ...
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... Thus, intercreating the PPP via dialogue is essential, especially for patients facing serious decisions that can present themselves as irresolvable dilemmas-for instance, to undergo significant surgeries or screening and diagnostic tests for potentially stressful and severe pathologies. 41 The cause of the patient's uncertainty may concern the vagueness of their personal philosophy rather than the dilemma itself. ...
... In order to understand the importance of promoting good care in nursing homes, it is essential to understand the characteristics of the older people who live there, since any good care must take into account not only its effectiveness but also the people it is aimed at (Gaab et al., 2020). Users of nursing homes are becoming increasingly dependent and therefore more and more in need of attention and care. ...
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... The term was readily adopted into medical jargon, and the use of placebos remained widespread and largely unquestioned until the mid-20th century. The role of placebos was to provide hope to patients and make doctors' work easier in difficult or desperate cases (Annoni, 2020). Richard Cabot, a physician at Harvard Medical School, describes how "he was brought up, as I suppose every physician is, to use placebos, bread pills, water subcutaneously, and other devices" (Cabot, 1903). ...
... Thus, the heterogeneity could be due to the fact participants sometimes refer to a broad definition of contextual effects and sometimes restrict their definition to placebo effects. As such, this could reflect the conceptual variations among experts outlined in the introduction section [32,33]. ...
... On the other hand, there are potential benefits of utilizing placebo effects to boost treatment effects in clinical practice that have been recognized [16,19,20], although there is a variety of proposed approaches. Moreover, some caution in utilizing the mechanisms of placebo effects in clinical practice may be prudent, as unforeseen adverse consequences (e.g., violation of expectation and loss of trust) may occur when effects are inadequately explained or elicited by deception (e.g., [21][22][23]). ...
