Manuel Oliva-Cruz's research while affiliated with Universidad Nacional Toribio Rordríguez De Mendoza and other places

... Salas López et al. [18] analyzed the accuracy in positioning of the direct georeferencing approach together with the use of GCPs: they evaluated the repeatability and reproducibility of Digital Surface Model and ortho-mosaic photogrammetric products of a commercial multi-rotor system equipped with a GNSS receiver in urban environments. The authors conducted a test on an urban area of the Chachapoyas city (Peru) using a DJI Phantom 4 RTK UAS and acquiring 10 GCPs and 4 Validation Points with a Trimble R10 GNSS receiver worked in PPK (Post-Processing Kinematic) mode. ...

... In his last work, Ricardo concludes that international trade is mutually beneficial for the participating nations. Michael Porter, one of the main specialists in competitiveness, presents his theory in the book Competitive Strategy, where he states that the efficient use of a company's resources determines the competitiveness of an economy [16][17][18][19]. ...

... This indicator-based approach also includes the well-known environmentally sensitive area (ESA) methodology providing a comprehensive assessment of land vulnerability to degradation [48][49][50][51][52]. The Mediterranean Basin was the first area of its extensive application, and many studies demonstrate the reliability of this procedure when evaluating land vulnerability to degradation, since it considers multiple indicators related to four components: climate, soil, vegetation, and land management [53][54][55]. Research in the literature focused on multiple snapshots of the current conditions of land systems classified in terms of land vulnerability [56][57][58]. ...

... The climate is characterized by a humid tropical climate with average annual temperature and precipitation between 14.3-17°C and 682-1092 mm, respectively, and a relative humidity of 87% [48]. There are two distinct seasons during the year, the dry season from May to October and the wet season from November to April [49,50]. The physiography is characterized by high mountains with steep to extremely steep slopes [51]. ...

... poorly suitable habitat (0.05-0.33), moderately suitable habitat (0.33-0.67), and highly suitable habitat (0.67-1). Various studies have different approaches in determining "highly suitable habitat" classification, where some are too strict (0.8-1) [82] and others are more accepting (0.6-1) [83][84][85]. Therefore, we decided to use a classification that would meet the requirements in the middle. ...

... El cacao Theobroma cacao L. es un árbol de la familia Malvaceae, nativo de las regiones tropicales húmedas centrales y septentrionales de América del Sur; el cultivo de cacao es originario de la región de la Amazonía, cuya planta puede alcanzar alturas de hasta 10 m, frutos que miden entre 15 y 25 cm, que contienen de 30 a 40 semillas (Julca-Otiniano et al., 2021). Es un recurso de gran importancia económica a nivel mundial; prospera en ambientes tropicales que son la principal materia prima para la fabricación de chocolate, además que sus granos contienen polifenoles y antioxidantes saludables (Dzandu et al., 2021;Oliva-Cruz et al., 2022). Se puede denominar "cacao nativo" a las poblaciones de plantas y a los frutos de cacao que se encuentran en condiciones in situ, en estado domesticado o silvestre y cuyo proceso de mejora se realiza en el ámbito de los conocimientos tradicionales; está caracterizado por su sabor y fino aroma pronunciado de sus granos (INIA, 2019). ...

... Lake Pomacochas is one of the largest high Andean lakes in the Amazon region, located in a developing area of agriculture, fish farming, and tourism, which are the primary sources of local economic income (Barboza-Castillo et al., 2014). However, in recent years, these activities have increased with more intensive use of natural resources and have caused the progressive deterioration of the water body (Matthews-Bird et al., 2017;Marin et al., 2022). Consequently, a moderate trophic state and an advanced state of eutrophy caused by agricultural and livestock waste in the area are reported (Chávez et al., 2016;Rascón et al., 2021). ...

... Cd concentrations in the soils of the Peruvian Amazon show up to 3.54 mg/kg, with an average of 1.56 mg/kg. In addition, 39% of the territory is above the tolerable limit for Cd in agricultural soil (≥1.4 mg/kg), as indicated by Rojas et al. (2021) [5]. ...

... Classified as a humid highland climate (Cfb) according to the Köppen climate classification, at 2,400 m the city of Chachapoyas is the only montane station with >50 years of data, although coverage has been incomplete. Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas is developing an improved network of weather stations (Rojas Briceño et al., 2021). ...

... PPAs have started to attract scholarly attention around the globe as an effective complementary way to support and expand networks of government-run PAs (Bingham et al., 2021;Fitzsimons & Wescott, 2001;Gallo et al., 2009;Ivanova & Cook, 2020). PPAs represent an opportunity for democratizing conservation through the participation of the wider set of stakeholders and rightsholders willing to participate in nature conservation, particularly of local communities (Delgado et al., 2021). However, the term 'private' has not resonated to date with the idea of local communities; rather it has tended to be associated with millionaires and enterprises buying land for conservation (Holmes, 2014). ...