ManinderSingh Setia’s research while affiliated with NOCIL LIMITED and other places

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Publications (2)


Methodology Series Module 8: Designing Questionnaires and Clinical Record Forms
  • Article

March 2017

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53 Reads

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12 Citations

Indian Journal of Dermatology

ManinderSingh Setia

As researchers, we often collect data on a clinical record form or a questionnaire. It is an important part of study design. If the questionnaire is not well designed, the data collected will not be useful. In this section of the module, we have discussed some practical aspects of designing a questionnaire. It is useful to make a list of all the variables that will be assessed in the study before preparing the questionnaire. The researcher should review all the existing questionnaires. It may be efficient to use an existing standardized questionnaire or scale. Many of these scales are freely available and may be used with an appropriate reference. However, some may be under copyright protection and permissions may be required to use the same questionnaire. While designing their own questionnaire, researchers may use open- or close-ended questions. It is important to design the responses appropriately as the format of responses will influence the analysis. Sometimes, one can collect the same information in multiple ways - continuous or categorical response. Besides these, the researcher can also use visual analog scales or Likert's scale in the questionnaire. Some practical take-home points are: (1) Use specific language while framing the questions; (2) write detailed instructions in the questionnaire; (3) use mutually exclusive response categories; (4) use skip patterns; (5) avoid double-barreled questions; and (6) anchor the time period if required.


Figure 1: Flowchart from "Universe" to "Sampling Method"
Methodology Series Module 5: Sampling Strategies
  • Article
  • Full-text available

September 2016

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348 Reads

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165 Citations

Indian Journal of Dermatology

Once the research question and the research design have been finalised, it is important to select the appropriate sample for the study. The method by which the researcher selects the sample is the 'Sampling Method'. There are essentially two types of sampling methods: 1) probability sampling – based on chance events (such as random numbers, flipping a coin etc.); and 2) non-probability sampling – based on researcher's choice, population that accessible & available. Some of the non-probability sampling methods are: purposive sampling, convenience sampling, or quota sampling. Random sampling method (such as simple random sample or stratified random sample) is a form of probability sampling. It is important to understand the different sampling methods used in clinical studies and mention this method clearly in the manuscript. The researcher should not misrepresent the sampling method in the manuscript (such as using the term 'random sample' when the researcher has used convenience sample). The sampling method will depend on the research question. For instance, the researcher may want to understand an issue in greater detail for one particular population rather than worry about the 'generalizability' of these results. In such a scenario, the researcher may want to use 'purposive sampling' for the study.

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Citations (2)


... -The questionnaire will include 20-25 questions about children's abilities in the A&P ICF-CY component (besides the general information questions). This decision was based on the personal experience of the experts and previous researchers' recommendations (Postma et al., 2018;Sharma, 2022;Minto et al., 2017;Setia, 2017). ...

Reference:

Design and validation of AQUA CHILD—Pre‐aquatic questionnaire assessing child development
Methodology Series Module 8: Designing Questionnaires and Clinical Record Forms
  • Citing Article
  • March 2017

Indian Journal of Dermatology

... A CVR value of 1 for the self-efficacy for HPV vaccination was deemed acceptable. 24 Next, CVI, both I-CVI and S-CVI (S-CVI/Ave and S-CVI/UA) were assessed. For all items, the I-CVI was greater than 0.91. ...

Methodology Series Module 5: Sampling Strategies

Indian Journal of Dermatology