Malte Lebahn-Hadidi’s scientific contributions

Abstract Background: Simulation-based training used to train healthcare teams’ skills and improve clinical practice has evolved in recent decades. While it is evident that technical skills training is benefcial, the potential of human factor training has not been described to the same extent. Research on human factor training has been limited to marginal and acute care scenarios and often to validate instruments. This systematic review aimed to investigate the efective‑ ness of simulation-based training in improving in-hospital qualifed healthcare teams’ human factor skills. Method: A review protocol outlining the study was registered in PROSPERO. Using the PRISMA guidelines, the systematic search was conducted on September 28th, 2021, in eight major scientifc databases. Three independent reviewers assessed title and abstract screening; full texts were evaluated by one reviewer. Content analysis was used to evaluate the evidence from the included studies. Results: The search yielded 19,767 studies, of which 72 were included. The included studies were published between 2004 and 2021 and covered research from seven diferent in-hospital medical specialisms. Studies applied a wide range of assessment tools, which made it challenging to compare the efectiveness of human factor skills training across studies. The content analysis identifed evidence for the efectiveness. Four recurring themes were identifed: (1) Training human factor skills in qualifed healthcare teams; (2) assessment of human factor skills; (3) combined teaching methods, and (4) retention and transfer of human factor skills. Unfortunately, the human factor skills assess‑ ments are variable in the literature, afecting the power of the result. Conclusion: Simulation-based training is a successful learning tool to improve qualifed healthcare teams’ human factor skills. Human factor skills are not innate and appear to be trainable similar to technical skills, based on the fnd‑ ings of this review. Moreover, research on retention and transfer is insufcient. Further, research on the retention and transfer of human factor skills from simulation-based training to clinical practice is essential to gain knowledge of the efect on patient safety. Keywords: Systematic review, Simulation-based training, Medical simulation, Human factor skills, Non-technical skills (NTS), Adverse events, Teamwork, Crisis resource management (CRM), Qualifed healthcare team, In-hospital