Malaysia’s research while affiliated with Tunku Abdul Rahman University and other places

Summarizing the role and function of Islam in the trajectory of law in Malaysia, this paper seeks to conceptualize the influence of shariah and its development in the nation's legal system. Founded since the Sultanate era of the Malay rulers and continued into the colonial and post-colonial times, it proceeded to study the history of the formation of Malay political entity and its structure of government and the subsequent transition of power into the hand of the Portuguese, Dutch, Japanese and British colonizers. During that time, the Islamic law and its traditional belief and system was highly challenged by the colonial design of Orientalism, Westernization, and modernization to the point of suppressing the local custom of Malay people and their legal and moral values and sentiment. This was exacerbated by the collapse of the Ottoman empire-the last bastion of the Caliph that represent the Pan Islamic ideal embraced by the Malay world. The method of study is based on qualitative (narrative) analysis of the type of library and literature survey. It uses conceptual, descriptive, and analytical method to analyze the data and makes the conclusion. The finding concludes that the enforcement of Islamic law was hindered by the intervention of colonial master prioritizing the implementation of common law underlying its worldview that bring foreign culture and system into the consciousness of the masses for their political advantage, in addition to the dominant secular force of nationalism and communism that prevail and imposed upon the indigenous people throughout the country.

A Tinder-lighter set from Kibyra Excavations.

Dengue has been raised in recurring cyclical patterns of outbreaks. We determined the predominant circulating dengue virus (DENV) serotypes from selected urban areas in Malaysia. A total of 1177 laboratory tests for multiplex Real-Time Polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and socio-demographic details from suspected dengue cases from KPJ hospitals in Klang Valley, Malaysia, between 2017 to 2020 were reviewed. The odds ratio and Pearson Chi-square test were performed. Only 205 (17.4%) were confirmed as dengue and observed frequently among males. The young adult was most infected (n = 115/205; 56.1%). The majority of the cases were recorded in Shah Alam (n = 184/205). The population in Selangor had a higher risk (OR = 1.29; 95% CI = 0.7958, 2.0896) of contracting dengue. The predominant serotype was DENV-3 (n = 83) followed by DENV-2 (n = 65). There were three co-infections with different DENV serotypes detected [(DENV-2 and DENV-3: n = 2) (DENV-1 and DENV-3: n = 1)]. The DENV-3 was predominant throughout the years except in April, October, and November. The DENV-3 had 13 time-points of frequent seasonality in. It was evident that DENV-3 was the prevalent DENV serotype and was circulating for four years. The switching of predominant circulating serotypes from DENV-2 to DENV-3 provides substantial benchmark on the development of early warning system and prediction of future dengue epidemics in Malaysia, hence preparedness plans and multilayer interventional strategies can be executed.

Abstrak Kajian ini bertujuan mengenalpasti elemen-elemen kepelbagaian budaya dalam kurikulum latihan perguruan di Institut Pendidikan Guru (IPG) di Malaysia. Elemen kepelbagaian budaya diberi fokus dalam pendidikan bagi untuk meraikan kepelbagaian dan menimbulkan kesedaran terhadap kepelbagaian budaya masyarakat berbilang kaum di Malaysia. Kajian yang menggunakan rekabentuk kajian kes ini melibatkan kajian dokumen Ringkasan Maklumat Kursus(RMK) setiap kursus Program Major Sejarah Pendidikan Rendah dalam latihan perguruan di IPG. Peserta kajian terdiri daripada 2 orang pensyarah dan 3 orang pelajar PISMP Major Sejarah yang dipilih melalui pensampelan bertujuan. Data temubual dikumpul menggunakan protokol temu bual manakala data kajian dokumen menggunakan borang analisis kandungan. Data dianalisis menggunakan perisian Atlas.ti.7. Bagi tujuan kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan, tema-tema mengenai kepentingan kompetensi pelbagai budaya disahkan oleh peserta kajian serta triangulasi sumber data. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan elemen kepelbagaian budaya wujud dalam dokumen kurikulum latihan perguruan di IPG di Malaysia tetapi masih lagi belum menyeluruh.Elemen-elemen kepelbagaian budaya yang terdapat dalam kurikulum latihan perguruan di IPG ialah pengertian konsep kepelbagaian budaya, Sejarah masyarakat pelbagai kaum di Malaysia, kesedaran mengenai kepelbagaian sosiobudaya, keharmonian masyarakat pelbagai kaum, kepelbagaian budaya dalam Perlembagaan Malaysia, implikasi kepelbagaian budaya dalam dasar-dasar pendidikan negara, cabaran kepelbagaian budaya dan kemahiran pelbagai budaya dalam kalangan guru. Dapatan kajian ini memberi impak kepada penambahbaikan kurikulum PISMP dalam latihan keguruan di IPG yang perlu memberi penekanan kepada elemen kepelbagaian budaya dalam pelaksanaannya.

Vitamin D is crucial for normal body metabolism. Two important vitamin D sources are synthesis in the lower layers of the skin (90%) and diet (10%). This systematic review and meta-analysis attempted to determine the incidence of vitamin D deficiency in Pakistan by using the findings of numerous cross-sectional studies. For subgroup analysis, a population-based subgroup analysis and a geographical location-based subgroup analysis were done. Different search techniques were utilized on various databases using the terms "vitamin D deficiency," "Pakistan," and "prevalence." The article names and abstracts were scrutinized, and associated complete texts were evaluated. The articles that satisfied the inclusion requirements were chosen for the meta-analysis. The I 2 test was used to determine heterogeneity. They were combined with the random-effect method. Out of 429 articles, 37 studies, with a total sample size of 19,338, were selected for the final analysis. The highest and lowest reported percentages observed were 100% and 15%, respectively. The overall pooled prevalence reported was 78% (95% CI = 74.2-82%). In subgroup analysis, children/adolescents showed a higher pooled prevalence of 84% (95% CI = 76.1-93.6%), and among province-wise subgroup analysis, Punjab province has shown a higher pooled prevalence of 84% (95% CI: 74-94%). Meta-analysis of the data showed a higher proportion of the population with deficient states. Interventions in public health are essential to address the high incidence of vitamin D insufficiency. Vitamin D levels can be increased, and related health concerns can be minimized through dietary supplementation, recommended sun exposure, and awareness initiatives.

This study analysis explores various factors associated with the saying, with special reference to the rights of the people and the compensation they receive upon the surrender of their land in Malaysia. Compulsory land acquisition in Malaysia is regulated by the Land Acquisition Act (LAA) 1960, which lays down the procedure for land acquisition; however, the application of the act in most cases sparks debates about the sufficiency of compensation granted and inadequate safeguards for the community. The purpose of this study is to examine community stakeholders' awareness of land acquisition namely their understanding of the land acquisition process and its impact on their rights and/or compensation rewards. This study uses both qualitative and quantitative study; thus, it can be classified as a mixed-methods survey. Questionnaire was administered on thirty-eight people who were affected by land acquisition and structured interviews were conducted on the key respondents that include; the land owners, the government officials, and the lawyers. The results show that the procedure of land acquisition is critical and time-sensitive with regard to losses which may be suffered by the landowners as a result of delays and mistakes. It also underscored the need to enhance the level of information and participation of the landowners in the land acquisition especially on their rights and amount of compensation. It also dwells upon the proper organization of pay and remuneration being fair, decent, and appropriate given the context of each particular situation. Based on the outcome, it is recommended that the LAA be enhanced and updated in attempts to fairly offer protection separately to the federal government and land owners. In sum, the study improves the knowledge about the influence of land purchase on the communities in Malaysia and plurality and thoroughness of approaches to the acquisition and compensation have to be expanded.

The general overview of the land acquisition process for development in Malaysia demonstrated that this work is based on the fundamental challenges that hinder the opportunity of making necessary changes in the community. In this paper, the primary issues concerning the Malays within the realm of land acquisition and development are analyzed. They are multiple ownerships, compensation and the preoccupations of the Malay community. The issue of multiple owners is caused by Islamic law of inheritance that divides a piece of land among its heirs. This contributes to the problem of negotiating for the sale or leasing of land since consensus is almost difficult to achieve thus complicating decisions. The compensation process is also an issue as the market value of the land since the dealing restrictions exist, and the status of "non-transferable to non-Malay" would imply a much lower value. This leads to a situation where the government or private developers shy away from paying fair compensation hence, abandonment of such projects. This is due to the fact that the Malays have very close sentimental affections towards their ground which many have perceived to be as their morale ground. They still believe that development will bring about loss of ownership as well as loss of their own culture. From the study the following can be deduced, that all these barriers can be met by the provision of a land trust which would enable development within the region while protecting the interest of the Malay community. Further, there are reforms to the Malay Reservation Enactment where the leasing of Malay reserve land to anyone including non-Malay is allowed and any bank has the freedom to deal on the said land. The latter seeks to improve the marketability of the land as well as protect Malay position in the country. The results of the study prove that radical approaches to land acquisition and people's rights protection do not allow achieving the optimal balance of public and private interests.

The development of rural tourism in Azerbaijan is one of the priority and promising areas of the economy. Our country has a wide potential for the development of rural tourism. The presence of settlements distinguished by favorable natural conditions, exotic landscapes and ethnography creates ample opportunities for the development of rural tourism. The development of the tourism economy in rural areas is of extraordinary socio-economic importance. The development of this type of tourism leads to the creation of a permanent and year-round additional income source in the countryside and the creation of new workplaces in the villages. The development of rural tourism has an important role in obtaining new markets for the sale of products produced by the rural population and in developing the local service culture. The population engaged in this type of tourism has the opportunity to earn income from the sale of handmade products, local and traditional dishes, the food products necessary for their cooking, and tourist transportation. Currently, important studies are carried out at the state level in order to accelerate the development of tourism in our republic and to attract the attention of foreign tourists to the beautiful corners of the country. In recent years, many decrees and instructions that serve the development of tourism have been issued. The article evaluates the impact of rural tourism on socio-economic development. Also are researched the development possibilities and current situation of rural tourism and suggestions are made for the solution of the emerging problems in Azerbaijan.